• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.615-635
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• 1996

The animal industry must be environmentally sound to ensure its long-term sustainable growth. Livestock wastes mostly manure, can be a valuable resource as well as a potential hazard to environment. The first option of manure management is developing an 'environmentally sound' feeding program and feeds so there are less excreted nutrients that need to be managed. Once the manure is produced it can be best utilized as a fertilizer of a soil conditioner. In many countries the amount of manure that can be spread on land depends on the nutrient requirements of the crop being grown. The laws specify maximum application rates and not animal stocking rates. Farmer who reduce the N and P component of manure can release pressure on the environment without having to reduce the number of animals. There are alternative system for housing and manure treatment which generate manure that are easier to handle and have less pollutants or more economic value. Treated animal waste may also be used as a feedstuff or fuel source. Most of the options of waste management result in increased costs to implement. It is necessary to assess the economics in order to find an acceptable compromise between the increased costs and the benefit to the environment. Animal welfare is also becoming more and more of an issue and it will lead to systems where animals are kept in less confined environment. The new system will have a great impact in the waste management system in the future.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.59-83
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• 2020

This paper examines the actions and the factors driving those actions to reduce energy consumption and enhance energy efficiency taken by United States cities. While not much empirical evidence is available on why governments pursue practical sustainability actions, we attempt to shed more light on this important topic by empirically identifying factors that contribute to concrete actions toward sustainability policies. We adopt political market theory as a basic theoretical framework with policy-making applied to city energy consumption. Using the 2010 ICMA (local government sustainability policies and program) data, this study expands the focus of analyses to evaluate the effect of the form of government on energy consumption and energy efficiency by using multiple regression analysis. The findings show that at the city level, the mayor-council form of government are negatively associated with governments' efforts to reduce energy consumption. However, cities with at-large elections and municipal ownership are more likely to adopt sustainability actions. We also find that a large-scale economy has significant effects on the effort to reduce city energy consumption and improve energy efficiency. This shows that environmental policies are directly connected to locally relevant affairs, including housing, energy use, green transportation, and water. Thus, local level administrators could take an executive role to protect the environment, encourage the development of alternative energy, and reduce the use of fossil fuel and coal energy. These efforts can lead to important environmental ramifications and relevant actions by municipal governments.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.355-369
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• 2014

The in-law relationship traditionally plays a major role in Korean marriages and families because parents-in-law prefer to stay with their son under the same roof. The recent spike in the number of intercultural matches in South Korea may be provoking changes in the traditional family experience. The object of this qualitative study was to explore the contextual factors causing conflicts between mothers-in-law and their daughters-in-law in multicultural families. Six mother and daughter in-law dyads from rural areas of South Korea were recruited and interviewed. We found that the mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law had had different motives for the marriage at first. Five major themes emerged from the analysis of the dyadic interviews: the conflicts of the participants were embedded in the alternative family formation, in financial strains and the power structure, barriers in communication, cultural insensitivity and conflicts between value systems, as well as in role conflicts due to differing role expectations and hegemony. In conclusion, the authors of this study suggest that increasing cultural sensitivity and communication skills in immigrant daughter-in-law an Korean mother-in-law relationships will be crucial for a healthy in-law relationship. The need for the availability of Multicultural Family Centers' services in the community was highlighted. In order for mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law to form positive relationships, it is important to facilitate a variety of easily accessible educational programs in the community focusing on fostering the mother-in-law's understanding of the daughter-in-law's perspective.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.549-554
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• 2002

최근 주택보급률의 증가와 소비자의 다양화된 수요변화는 주택시장을 공급자 위주에서 소비자 위주로 변화시키고 있다. 이러한 주택시장의 환경변화로 인하여 건설업체의 경영 관리의 방향도 생산 중심에서 마케팅 중심으로, 그리고 차별화된 상품 개발 중심으로 이전되고 있다. 그러나 지금까지의 연구는 주택의 주거와 근린특성에 초점을 둔 고객의 요구사항분석에 한정되어 있을 뿐 주택시장의 시장세분화를 통한 아파트 마케팅 전략의 연구는 미비한 실정인 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구는 소비자의 속성을 이용한 아파트 시장세분화 방안을 마련하고, 세분시장별 특성에 맞는 아파트 포지셔닝 전략에 대한 이론적 기반을 마련하였다. 즉 (1) 아파트 시장세분화와 포지셔닝을 위한 일반적인 방법론과 적용 가능한 아파트 속성변수를 분석하고 (2) 세분시장별 특성에 맞는 마케팅전략차원의 제품 포지셔닝 대안을 제시하였다. 이 두 가지 개념적 틀을 제시함으로써, 향후 아파트건설업체들이 자사의 인지도 및 상품차별화 강화를 위해 활용 가능한 효율적인 마케팅전략의 의사결정 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.210-214
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• 2006

Along with the development of industrious society, the shape of city and the way of life have changed in accordance. The development of the city deepened gravitation of the city population, leading to the lack of housing and land, and apartment complexes became an alternative way of securing a number of families into a small space of land. Apartment can have a lot of families reside In a small space of land, and it can also be satisfactory to individual's privacy and anti-crime measures. On the other hand, there are negative problems with it. Among them, contacts with neighboring people showed that they only greeted each other when they met in the walkway. As shown in this, one of the reasons that there is a lack of friend ship activities is because there is short of space for common use. And in comparison to those of stairway walkway, apartments with one-passage walk way showed a higher level of contacts with neighbors. It is assumed that apartments with one-passage walk way have more chances to meet neighbors than do those of stairway walkway. This study analyzed the phases appearing in neighbor relations through investigation of the literature, and presented a coping measure. One solution is to prepare flower beds from the outside of walkway by enlarging the width of the walkway in apartments with one-passage walk way, and providing benches in front of flower beds so that residents can take a rest there. The more often residential people take a rest there, the more frequently they can meet each other. Accordingly this can solve problems of contacts with neighbors and the dreary scene of walkway can become a wider view in a nature friendly environment, bringing them to an active acquaintance activities.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.80-90
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• 2015

This study aims to improve plans by analyzing spatial compositions of cohousing common houses, their role depending on the types of users and spaces, and satisfaction from the user-oriented design perspective. For this study, a basic concept was examined based on previous studies and literature reviews. So-Haeng-Ju(Happy House with Communication) Houses 1, 2, and 3 in Seongmisan Village was analyzed. As well, interviews with residents of these houses were conducted to analyze the role of user behavior in common house depending on the types of users and spaces. As a result, it was found that there were common characteristics of roles in an exchange with neighbors, cooperative child-care, and residents' meetings. The time and behavioral types were different depending on the living patterns, characteristics, and family members of residents. User satisfaction with the locations of community facilities including communal kitchen and communal living room, the composition of rooms, communication with residents, and the connection between communal living space and personal living space, was above the average. However, user satisfaction with storage facilities, or defect repair and facility maintenance was low. Most of cohousing common house users were satisfied with the use and size of spaces, and a sense of community, including communication with neighbors beyond the environment and Seongmisan Village. In conclusion, a realistic alternative is required for future cohousing by developing a system regarding human resources networks and cost bearing issues.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.629-639
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• 2014

강성이 우수하고, 경량으로 제작이 가능한 격자강화 복합재 구조체를 다기능 구조체의 기층구조로 적용함으로써, 전기전자회로를 용이하게 내장할 수 있으며 방사차폐 특성을 갖춘 다기능 구조체에 대한 설계 및 제작을 수행하였다. 피치계열 탄소섬유 복합재료의 적용을 통해 열전달특성을 향상시키고, 전자회로의 하우징 구조물이 없어도 우주방사환경에 충분한 내구성을 갖도록 경량 국부 강화 방사차폐 방법을 제안하고, 양성자 조사시험을 통하여 선택적 방사차폐의 효과를 검증하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.327-336
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• 2018

Increase in population and its daily increasing in our today society results in an increase in housing demand while traditional methods are not applicable. The project preparation and realization processes, based on theoretical and empirical studies, a creation of goods, services, and technologies, are the most important human activities. Selection of effective technological systems in construction is a complex multi-criteria decision-making task. Many decision-makers refuse innovations once faced with similar difficulties. Therefore, using modern materials and methods in this industry is necessary. Modern methods increase quality and construction speed in addition to decrease energy consumption and costs. One of the problems in the way of any project is selecting construction system compatible with the project needs and characteristics. In the present research, different concrete structures such as common reinforced concrete (RC) structure, prefabricated, Insulating Concrete Formwork (ICF), 3D Panel and Tunnel Concrete Formwork (TCF) for buildings with limited floors in Iran are studied and compared from the viewpoint of different criteria like cost, time, applicability and technical characteristics with industrialization approach. Therefore, some questionnaires filled out by construction industry experts in order to compare criteria and sub-criteria in addition to evaluation of optimized structural systems. Then, results of the questionnaires ranked by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the most effective alternative selected. The AHP results show that 3D Panel system 36.5%, ICF 21.7%, TCF 19.03%, prefabricated system 13.3% and common RC system 9.3% are the most and the least efficient systems respectively.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.3094-3099
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• 2010

주택문제, 도심 오픈 스페이스의 감소, 난개발, 교통체증, 도심쇠퇴와 같은 문제점을 겪고 있는 현대도시의 지속가능성을 논의함에 있어서 도시성장관리는 지방자치정부의 차원에서 중요한 이슈중의 하나이다. 이러한 지속가능성을 가능케 하는 실천전략으로 본 연구에서는 스마트성장의 개념을 살펴보았다. 또한 도시의 지속가능성에 가장 큰 걸림돌 중의 하나는 지속가능한 전략을 일관성 있게 추진할 수 있는 선순환 구조가 결여된 자치단체의 내부구조상의 문제점을 들 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 지역혁신시스템(RIS)에 기반하여 각종 도시성장관리 전략에 있어서 지속적인 선순환 구조를 가능케 할 수 있는 지방정부조직의 개념적 모형을 제시하였다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.203-215
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• 2009

본 연구는 "실천적 추론 수업은 문제해결력을 높이는 데 효과가 있는가?"를 규명하기 위하여 중학교 9학년 '주거와 공간 활용' 단원에 실천적 추론 수업을 실행하고 그 효과를 검증하였다. 2007년 11월에 동질 집단으로 검증된 실험집단 39명, 비교집단 35명을 대상으로 실험집단에게는 실천적 추론 가정과 수업을 비교집단에게는 강의식 수업을 각각 6시간씩 실행하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 실천적 추론 수업은 중학생의 문제해결력을 높이는 데 효과가 있었고, 둘째, 실천적 추론 수업은 문제해결력의 하위영역인 문제규정과 구성화, 대안적 해결책의 산출, 의사결정 영역에서 문제해결력을 높이는데 효과가 있으나, 해결책 실행과 확인 영역에서 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 교수 학습 설계 과정에서 실천적 추론 수업에 요구되는 충분 한 수업 시간과 문제해결력의 하위영역을 고려하여 설계하고, 실천적 추론 수업에 대한 연수를 받은 실행교사를 투입할 필요가 있음이 제안되었다.