• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 1997

The objective of this paper is to think about what structural reforms of the Korean government S&T development management system might be. Korean society is currently experiencing a drastic socio-economic transformation. The results of this transformation should be reflected on the determining process of the directions and breadths of structural reforms of government S&T development management system. Because the government system design will be based on the premises of socio-economic conditions under which administrative activities perform and also this socio-economic changes can influence on changes of the premises of government management system design. Moreover, S&T development management system is a subsystem of government system so that the directions of structural reform of those subsystems should be considered in the broad framework changes in the development management system of the government. For the last forty years, the Korean government S&T development management system has been based on the premises including transformation from an agrarian society to an industrial society, authoritarianism and centrally controlled institutions, and exteremely small portions of private investments for science and thechonology R & D of the total. Recently, however, the premises of Korean government S&T development management system have rapidly changed. the characteristics of these changes are including tranformation from an industrial society to a knowledge and information intensive society, globalization, localization, and relatively large portion of private investments for science and technology R & C of the total. The basis of government reforms in Korea was the realization of the performances and values through the enhancement of national competitive capacity, attainment of lean government, decentralization and autonomy. However, the Korean government has attached a symbolic value of strategic organizations representing strong policy intentions of government for the science and technology based development. Most problems associated with the Korean government S&T development management system have grown worse during 1990s. Many people perceive that considerable part of this problem was generated because the government could not properly adapt itself to new administrative environment and the paradigm shift in its role. First of all, the Korean government S&T development management system as a whole failed to develop an integrated vision under which processes in formulating science and thechology development goals and developing consistent government plans concerning science and technology development are guided. Second, most of the local governments have little organizational capacity and manpowers to handle localized activities to promote science and technology in their regions. Third, the measure to coordinate and set priorities to invest resources for the development of science and technology was not effective. Fourth, the Most has been losing its reputation as the symbol of ideological commitment of the top policy maker to promote science and technology. Various ideas to reform government S&T development management system have been suggested recently. Most frequently cited ideas are as follow : (ⅰ)strengthen the functions of MoST by supplementing the strong incentive and regulatory measures; (ⅱ)create a new Ministry of Education, Science & Technology and Research by merging the Ministry of Education and the MoST; (ⅲ)create a new Ministry of Science & Technology and Industry ; and(ⅳ)create a National Science and Technology Policy Council under the chairmanship of the President. Four alternatives suggested have been widely discussed among the interested parties and they each have merits as well as weaknesses. The first alternative could be seen as an alternative which cannot resolve current conflicts among various ministries concerning priority setting and resource allocation. However, this alternatives can be seen as a way of showing the top policymaker's strong intention to emphasize science and technology based development. Second alternative is giving a strategic to emphasize on the training and supplying qualified manpower to meet knowledge and information intensive future society. This alternative is considered to be consistent with the new administrative paradigm emphasizing lean government and decentralization. However, opponents are worrying about the linkages and cooperative research between university and industry could be weakening. The third alternative has been adopted mostly in nations which have strong basic science research but weak industrial innovation traditions. Main weakness of this alternative for Korea is that Korean science and technology development system has no strong basic science and technology research traditions. The fourth alternative is consistent with new administrative paradigms and government reform bases. However, opponents to this alternative are worried that the intensive development of science and technology because of Korea's low potential research capabilities in science and technology development. Considerning the present Korean socio-economic situation which demands highly qualified human resources and development strategies which emphasizes the accumulations of knowledge-based stocks, I would like to suggest the route of creating a new Ministry of Education, Science & Technology and Research by intergrating education administration functions and science & technology development function into one ministry.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.274-281
• /
• 2011

Pharmacological approaches have been included in conventional medical treatment for insomnia or sleep disorders. However, long-term use of frequently prescribed medications can often lead to habituation, critical withdrawal symptoms and/or side effects. Some individuals with insomnia or trouble sleeping have used complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies to treat their conditions. Recently, CAMs or herbs have been attractive alternative medications to many patients with sleep disorders who may be averse to using conventional drugs. We reviewed the most widely available sleep-promoting herbs commonly used in the western and oriental countries.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.79-82
• /
• 2013

The demand for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasing worldwide. High-technology medicine is not always effective and is often accompanied by neglected self-care and high cost. Also, conventional medicine has become dependent on expensive technological solutions to health problems. Integrated medicine is not simply a synonym for complementary medicine. It involves the understanding of the interaction of the mind, body, and spirit and how to interpret this relationship in the dynamics of health and disease. Integrative medicine shifts the orientation of the medical practice from a disease-based approach to a healing-based approach. In South Korea, CAM education was first provided 20 years ago, and integrative medicine is becoming part of the current mainstream medicine. Increasing numbers of fellowships in integrative medicine are being offered in many academic health centers in the U.S. Also, it has emerged as a potential solution to the American healthcare crisis and chronic diseases, which are bankrupting the economy. It provides care that is patient-centered, healing-oriented, emphasizes the therapeutic relationship, and uses therapeutic approaches originating from conventional and alternative medicine.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.959-976
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate high school students' ideas related with dinosaur extinction, to classify students' responses types with alternative hypotheses of inconsistent with their ideas, and then to examine their cognitive conflict levels and the degree of ideas change. To investigate students' ideas, we analyzed responses 98 eleventh graders of a high school in Anyang area. The results of this study were as follows: First, most of the students responded a large scale asteroid impact with the cause of dinosaur extinction, and rest of them responded changed Earth's climate accompanying tectonic activity, extreme volcanic activity, shortage of food, disease(virus) and decrease of their habitat. Also, they thought that dinosaur was exterminated not by just one reason but by several complex reasons. Second, the students' responses of alternative hypotheses were classified into six types: rejection, reinterpretation, uncertainty, belief decrease, partial theory change, and theory change. Third, except rejection and reinterpretation types, other four types were arousing of cognitive conflict and the percentage of the students who felt cognitive conflict was 62.3% and that of the students who took the theory change was just 6.1 %.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.371-379
• /
• 2014

Our government has proposed entrepreneurship as an alternative way to invigorate economy. Because of this, entrepreneurship education is endless issue. Nevertheless, entrepreneurship education is still in lack in Korea. Entrepreneurship education is being done voluntarily in commercial vocational high school and university in Korea. Whereas entrepreneurship education is being done more systematic and professional in the early stage. In this paper, the policy proposals have been proposed on the basis of comparison between domestic and overseas entrepreneurship education.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.404-413
• /
• 2009

The objectives of this study were to identify current problems and to propose alternatives of woodworking education in school. This study was carried out through the literature review. Even though woodworking in school has a lot of merits, it has not been fully established yet. Current problems in school woodworking were identified as the absence of educational philosophy of woodworking, unambiguous education objectives, incongruity of educational contents and hierarchy, inadequate quality of teachers, poor surroundings for practice, lack of ancillary materials for teaching and learning, and the absence of community for interchanging information. It was proposed that educational philosophy of woodworking and concrete education objectives should be set up, educational contents should be organized in a proper level, and surroundings for practice should be improved. And, it was also proposed that teacher education should be made to upgrade qualities of teachers, ancillary materials for teaching and learning should be developed, and community for interchanging information should be set up.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.48-58
• /
• 2014

Public libraries provide information to all persons and its users are the inhabitants of the community it serves. This may not be the reality in some cases as some category of persons may not be properly served by the public library. This study assesses the provision of information materials in alternative format, in terms of its availability, access and level of use by the visually impaired in public libraries in southwestern Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design. Four (4) public libraries in four states were purposively selected because they are the ones that provide alternative format for the use of a sizable number of the visually impaired. Complete enumeration was used to capture all the 166 registered users of the libraries through the use of observations checklist and interview schedule. Data from 69.2% of the 166 visually impaired persons that were interviewed, and the observations made were analyzed. The result reveals that alternative formats availability were inadequate and, e-resources were not available while access to formats and information desired by the users were limited. Braille is the most utilized format; audio materials and large prints were seldom used. The demand for alternative formats is high but it is not related to level of use of materials. Provision of information materials in alternative formats for the visually impaired in public libraries cannot support the needs of the visually impaired; it requires intervention from all stakeholders. The study recommends improved investment and funding for public libraries and services to persons with disabilities.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.514-523
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigation the elementary school teachers' perception in STEAM(Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) Education. For this study, 93 elementary school teachers who have taught mathematics/science in gifted class were selected and a fifteen items questionnaire designed to elicit teachers' perception of steam education was to administered to them. The major findings are as follows: First, the ratio of teachers who understood a steam education exactly is very low. But teachers have positive thoughts about the need of steam education. Second, teachers thought that steam education has a good effect on elementary education. Third, teachers thought that steam education will be an alternative teaching and learning method. Fourth, teachers have negative thoughts to participate in class work related on steam education. To improve negative attitudes on steam education, incentives for teachers seems to be required. In order to spread steam education among the elementary school teachers successfully, the expansion of school facilities, administrators and staff in mind, improving financial support, strengthening education through the development of content and teaching strategies were analyzed as a challenge.

• Research in Mathematical Education
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.245-259
• /
• 2019

I examine the discussions of studies related to feminist mathematics education and the implications of mathematics education in South Korea. In particular, I attempt to answer the following questions through literature reviews on feminist mathematics: What is the epistemological background of feminist mathematics education? How is feminist mathematics education defined and implemented? What does feminist mathematics education suggest in South Korea's mathematics curriculum? From the analysis of the literatures, I found that feminist mathematics education reflects not just the rights of female's rights but also a paradigm shift in epistemology of mathematics and philosophy of mathematics education. In this regard, feminist mathematics questions the existing mathematics education related to the female students who were marginalized in the composition and delivery of mathematics. Feminist mathematics education points out that in the course of the transfer of mathematical knowledge in schools, female students understand unilateral information procedurally without understanding the concept. Mathematics educators should consider alternative curricula that reflect the views of female students regarding the nature of mathematics. Students should be able to receive equal mathematics education in a school regardless of their gender. In this case, equal mathematics education refers to education methods that are suitable for both male and female students. The existing mathematics content and its teaching methods were designed based on the learning experiences of male students, which made them relatively difficult for female students to understand.

• Korean Medical Education Review
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this article is to propose an alternative viewpoint on medical education, known as the Erudition paradigm. This study aims to confirm the essence of erudition rather than teaching and learning through discussing the foundations of self-directed learning principles in medical education. By reactivating the meaning of self-directed learning, this study debates the proprieties of the erudition paradigm beyond pedagogy; that is to say, the school-oriented educational paradigm. After all, this study reveals that all humans are Homo Eruditio, born with an erudite instinct, and it is necessary to inspire his/her encouragement in erudition by using self-directed learning.