• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2011

Lunate revascularization with the vascularized bone grafts is a current concept in the treatment of Kienbo${\ddot{o}}$ck disease. The aim of this study is to present our experience and preliminary results of the treatment using the fourth extensor compartment artery (4 ECA) vascularized bone graft for Kienbo${\ddot{o}}$ck disease. Between May 2009 and June 2010, five patients (3 men and 2 women) with Kienbo${\ddot{o}}$ck disease were treated with 4 ECA vascularized bone grafts. The mean age was 32.8 years and mean follow-up time was 13 months. The patients were composed of two patients in stage II and three patients in stage IIIa according to Lichtman's classification. Modified Mayo wrist score including pain, grip strength, range of motion and functional status and radiographic parameters such as carpal height ratio and radioscaphoid angle were evaluated at a final follow-up. Pain was markedly diminished and modified Mayo wrist score was 82 at last follow up period. There were no or little changes in carpal height ratio and radioscaphoid angle. All patients showed satisfactory bony union and no further lunate collapse on follow-up radiographs. The 4 ECA vascularized bone graft is a reliable alternative procedures among revascularization procedures for treatment of Kienbo${\ddot{o}}$ck's disease. It is less invasive and has low risk of kinking of pedicle compared to the 4+5 ECA vascularized bone graft. However, long term follow-up and MRI evaluation at follow up period should be needed for the future.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.84
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• pp.7-27
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• 2017

This study explores the possibility of maximizing locality through synergy between local terrestrial broadcasters and cable local channels. To this end, it examines the significance of the concept of locality in the changing environment represented by the 4th Industrial Revolution. It also analyzes the existing situation of broadcasting locality and the terrain of existing studies concerning cable local channels. Based on the reviews, the study searches for the connection points between local terrestrial and cable channels, which are still heterogeneous operators. The difference in the size of broadcast region and the programming time constitutes the optimum condition. As a result of this, the study discusses the issue of appropriateness and feasibility of bundling the local terrestrial and pay-TV channels in the same legal system. By doing so, it reveals the biggest obstacle in institutionalizing the cable channel into the public category is the emotional rejection towards cable TV. In order to overcome this problem, the study suggests to abolish both the current policy guideline characterized as the same service, same regulation principle and the abolition of local business right of cable TV. It also proposes to allow news commentary function of cable local channels and strengthen cable TV's own capabilities.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.41-61
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• 2008

Although the size of the organic food market in Korea has increased significantly, its further development is hampered by the information asymmetry between the producers and consumers of organic food. It isn't just about revitalizing the market; it's also about Korean farmers surviving an era of trade liberalization. In order to produce more value-added products, the information asymmetry issue has to be resolved regarding the organic food market and other agricultural credence goods such as Han-woo(Korean beef). Therefore, measuring information asymmetry has become a central issue. One way to measure asymmetry is to use Game Theory. However, in practice, estimating payoffs at the industry level is hard to accomplish, and even when it is possible, the reliability of the estimated payoffs is not guaranteed. As an alternative, the concept of Information Entropy(disorder level of information), developed by Shannon(1948), was used in this study. It is proposed that this measure should be used when assessing the level of information asymmetry in the Korean organic food market. Using recent data, it was found that information entropy in the Korean organic food market has been decreasing constantly since 2003. Therefore, it was proposed that measures should be adopted by the government to improve the certification system of organic food.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.33-43
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• 2000

The distinction between short-term store (STS) and long-term store (LTS) has been made in the perspective of information processing. Memory system theorists have argued that memory could be conceived as multiple memory systems beyond the concept of a single LTS. Popular memory system models are Schacter & Tulving (994)'s multiple memory systems and Squire (987)'s the taxonomy of long-term memory. Those m models agree that amnesic patients have intact STS but impaired LTS and have preserved implicit memory. However. there is a debate about the nature of the long-term memory impairment. One model considers amnesic deficit as a selective episodic memory impairment. whereas the other sees the deficits as both episodic and semantic memory impairment. At present, it remains unclear that episodic memory should be distinguished from semantic memory in terms of retrieval operation. The distinction between declarative memory and nondeclarative memory would be the alternative way to reflect explicit memory and implicit memory. The research focused on the function of frontal lobe might give clues to the debate about the nature of LTS.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.92-102
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• 2016

While there have many completions of large parks recently under development, there has been a dearth of quality assessments. Studies focused on post-evaluation have been made to resolve this, but most of these are biased toward user satisfaction after completion and therefore behaviour analysis has limitations on solving problemsduring the actual design implementation processes. Therefore, this study examined the internal phenomenon and structure of the implementation process of design competition through the ground theory and microscopic independent perspective. As a result, maintaining the identity and differentiation of parks derived from the preserved design competition scheme contributed greatly to completeness and satisfaction. Outcomes were mainly caused by the trust of public officials as the ordering organization, the will of policy decision-makers, and the competence of operational enterprises, etc. Negative factors such as undermining the whole concept of the park and landscape occurred as external pressure and related subjects intruded on change design factors due to variations in social conditions. Additionally, illogical construction processes occurred, such as a reinvestigation of the budget for restoration after damaging on original landscape. There have been needs for the improvement of the work processing system. On balance, an interventional role is very important in the park construction process, especially the PA and operation committee in terms of maintaining the basic direction, landscape design supervision for detailed designs, and expert construction management on LA in terms of rational work management in the field. The study, using the microscopic perspective of the designer and ground theory, deliver significant meaning as an early study by suggesting alternative methods for the after-evaluation of large parks and structurally looking into main influence factors driven during the construction process.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.79-88
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• 2012

Purpose - The objective of this paper is to suggest that a company's CRM activities have an effect on customer loyalty in the Korean retail industry. Typically, Korean customers use large local marts with convenience in the absence of any other choice. Therefore, this study aims to shed light on the fact that customers do not break away from their preferred retail stores, either owing to their stringent loyalty (the lie loyalty) or difficulty in turning to alternative choices. Research design, data, methodology - By surveying a sample of 200 hyper-markets through a questionnaire, and excluding dubious and missing responses, I obtained 181 samples to be included in the empirical analysis. The survey was conducted for two weeks during October 2011. AMOS and SPSS18 statistical packages were used for conducting statistical analysis for this study. This paper was developed using the concept of customer equity on CRM, which is known to have a positive impact on customer loyalty through the satisfaction and switching-barrier parameters. The hypothesis of this paper is that customer equity is composed of relationship equity, value equity and brand equity, and that the relationship equity variable has positive effects on the value equity and brand equity amongst other types of customer equity. Moreover, customer equity influences customer loyalty through parameters including customer satisfaction and switching costs in the Korean retail industry. Results - According to the results of the analysis, it was confirmed that relationship value had a positive effect (+) on all variables, including the perceived QoS (Quality of Service), store brand images, economic value, and store convenience. It was also confirmed that the assumption that the perceived QoS (Quality of Service), economic value, and store convenience had a positive effect on customer satisfaction was shown to be statistically significant, with a p-value below 0.05. Only the store brand value variable had an effect on the switching-cost variable with respect to the causal sequence of the variables, including the perceived QoS, store brand value, economic value, and store convenience. The remaining variables did not seem to influence the switching-cost variable. On the other hand, another effect showed that customer satisfaction had a statistically significant influence on the switching-costs variable. Moreover, the customer satisfaction and switching-cost variables also had a statistical influence on customer loyalty. Conclusions - The CRM activities had an influence on various variables (including perceived QoS, perceived economic value, store brand value, and store convenience) pertaining to customer values. Customer satisfaction and switching-cost had some effects on customer loyalty as a parameter. This confirms that stringent loyalty exists with respect to customer loyalty in the retail industry. The fact that the variable had such a statistically significant influence on the switching-cost and store brand equity variables means that consumers react to the reputation of a brand, confidence about the store, and quality confidence. The implications of this study in the retail industry should be further extended to devise strategies for customer retention.

• Survey Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.89-117
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• 2011

This paper examines the effect of patriarchal family on female delinquency from the perspective of power-control theory, employing various measures for testing the theory. Extending power-control theory, this study measures the concept of 'patriarchal anomie' which implies the situation where girls' progressive views on gender role are in conflict with parents' patriarchal values. In addition, the mediating effects of the delinquent associations and the parental supervision are investigated. The results generally show that a series of variables on patriarchal family have statistically significant effects on female delinquency. Specifically, the variables for patriarchal family measured in terms of parents' occupation and education level significantly decrease female delinquency. This study also finds that girls with patriarchal attitudes are less likely to be delinquent. However, girls with progressive views on gender role living with patriarchal parents are more likely to be delinquent. This study finds that the deterrent effects of patriarchal family as well as the facilitating effect of patriarchal anomie are mediated by delinquent association. And it reports that the variable of patriarchal family measured by parents' occupation decreases female delinquency through parental supervision.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.4 s.66
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• pp.121-132
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• 2006

In the Western Philosophy that was centered on reason, sense has been belittled as a low level of conception under reason. However, the 21st century modern visual environment pushes away the epistemology centered on reason and puts 'sensuality' and 'sense' on its place. Especially, public films are one of the fields that rapidly reflect such changes and lead the changes. However, unfortunately, it is difficult to find such efforts that reflect the artistic and aesthetic significance of sense from the public films. It is because that sense is considered superficial and somewhat not real, while recognizing sense as the low level of conception under reason over the long history. Given the fact, this study reviews the by Gilles Deleuze, a modern philosopher who gives a new value on sense, and it would be meaningful to analyze the works of Chris Cunningham who makes films with the concept of Gilles Deleuze. After we analyzed three music videos of Aphex Twin directed by Chris Cunningham, we can ascertain that the films are based on body without Oranges, hysteric, and diagram that are suggested from by Gilles Deleuze. Analyzing recently released films centered on 'sense' in a superficial manner that includes production method or picture composition, including the films of Chris Cunningham, falls into the error of overlooking the director's aesthetics. Understanding the modern logic of sense that is newly developing, studying its substance, and analyzing the films will make a sacrifice of suggesting a new alternative.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.35
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• pp.1-27
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• 2014

This study is a process of studying an alternative educational model and a preceding analysis process of the study where a teaching method considering the brain function, learning and creative mechanism is applied with a perspective of effectively increasing the animation drawing ability. Recently, studies in each field of study is not simply limited to one major but are attempting to produce subdivided integrated educational contents through integrated study activities with other fields. It is because for any field, it has a complex structure of humanistic experience and this is the same for artistic fields. Especially, in the field of animation, a specialized area is subdivided so when looking only at the education related to the drawing, the items required for expertise should be clarified and the development of a systematic educational method is required. Therefore in this study, a literature study result to design the educational model suitable for professional characteristics of animation education method is proposed. The study aims to conceptualize and categorize the meaning of drawing that can refine the basic ability for education of animation field to suit the characteristics of majoring field. Afterwards, the components are derived through re-established concept of drawing and categories, and this becomes the basis for the process of materializing the study goal which is the follow-up work. As a result, the components are examined by defining the meaning of drawing as the motion drawing due to the characteristics of the picture contents field, and used as a basis for planning the educational model applied with brain scientific creative-learning principles.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.131-149
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• 2009

A study on comprehension level of mathematical basic knowledge(MBK) of gifted students in middle school. The interest in mathematics gifted education is very high. However, in reality, there has been a shortage of the analysis of students' achievement result since mathematics gifted education began through the institute of gifted education in the education office in 2003. On this study, MBK is subdivided into definition, property and procedure and then examination questions arc developed on the basis of national level achievement standard. With these examination tools, total inspection was conducted in on metropolitan city and the result was analyzed. First, in a basic definition, relatively low achievement result was seen except the basic concept related operation. Second, in a basic property, very low achievement result was seen in the questions of basic property without basic definition and as a whole, the result was similar with the basic definition. Third, in basic procedure, the achievement result was very remarkable. This result shows we need tn increase the comprehension ability of MBK. To do this, the systematic alternative development of the questions of selecting gifted students and the contents of gifted education is required. This study proposes the meaningful implication to the selection question development related to the MBK and the improvement of gifted education contents. And it is expected to provide the positive change for mathematics gifted education.