• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 2011

Recently, International Atomic Energy Agency and major leading countries in radioactive waste management tend to subdivide the categories of radioactive waste based upon risk-graded approach. In this context, the category of very low level waste has been newly introduced, or optimized management options for this kind of waste have been pursued in many countries. The application of engineered surface landfill type facilities dedicated to dispose of very low level waste has been gradually expanded, and it was analyzed that their design concept of isolation has been much advanced than those of the old fashioned surface trench-type disposal facilities for low and intermediate level waste, which were usually constructed in 1960's. In addition, the management options for very low level waste in major leading countries are varied depending upon and interfaced with the affecting factors such as: national framework for clearance, legal and practical availability of low and intermediate level waste repository and/or non-nuclear waste landfill, public acceptance toward alternative waste management options, and so forth. In this regard, it was concluded that optimized long-term management options for very low level waste in Korea should be also established in a timely manner through comprehensive review and discussions, in preparation of decommissioning of large nuclear facilities in the future, and be implemented in a systematic manner under the framework of national policy and management plan for radioactive waste management.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.22-29
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• 2003

The ultimate goal of a hardware design course is to equip the students with the system design ability. However, the majority of the current structures of the design courses are focused on the understanding of the operational principles of each device which is used later as a building block for the design of a system. The shortcomings of this approach are, first, that it is very hard to keep the students motivated to the end of the course where system design concepts are dealt, and, second, the students do not have enough experience of the system design which is usually required in the field. As an alternative to solve these problems, it is necessary to reverse the order of contents of the course. Namely we introduce the high level of the abstract concept of the system design in the very beginning of the course and later by lowering the level of abstraction to the operational principle of the internal devices. In this paper, we propose a new top-down methodology for the introductory hardware design course of logic design, where the design expression and verification in the system-level are introduced first and then detail knowledge on each device is introduced later. Also, we report a case result from a student's working group as part of an extracurricular education in order to verify the validity of our proposed approach

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.89-98
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• 2018

Purpose - Despite the global economic crisis, the numbers of coffee shops used for providing a place for social and cultural interactions show an upward trend and have become an indispensable part in people's daily life in recent years. Under the circumstance of tremendous efforts of searching new management strategies and projects, the concept of servicescape(which has physical environment characteristics) may provide a better alternative. Therefore, the purpose of this study can be broadly divided into 3 key points. First is to investigate the effects of servicescape on customer satisfaction, service value and customer loyalty about Coffee Shops in Jeonju area. Second is to examine the mediating effect of customer satisfaction and service value between servicescape and customer loyalty. Third, there is evidence that indicates the moderating effect among the interaction of customer and staff, brand image and the composition of servicescape, customer satisfaction, service value and customer loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology - This study begins empirical research about users of coffee shops' services. The data of the study is collected from 285 samples of a questionnaire which has been made from Korea and analysed by IBM SPSS 24.0 and IBM AMOS 24.0. Results - The results are reported below: First of all, the composition of condition, functionality, cleanliness and aesthetic characteristics of the servicescape has a significant impact on customer satisfaction and service value. Furthermore, customer satisfaction is identified as a factor to influence service value. Moreover, customer satisfaction and service value are identified as the causal relationship with customer loyalty. Besides, customer satisfaction and service value illustrated the mediation effect between the composition of servicescape and customer loyalty. Finally, the interaction between customer and staff, brand image illustrates the moderated effect. Conclusions - The composition of servicescape contributes to the formation of customer satisfaction and enhancing the customer's perceived service value in coffee shops. By meeting diverse and complex needs of consumers in coffee shop, the service value will not only attract loyal customers, but also increase customer loyalty and profitability. In a word, managers should rely on servicescape to enhance service experience by making differences with other competitors.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.63-76
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• 2013

Purpose - For the past several decades, behavioral economics or behavioral decision theory has undergone rapid development. This study provides a critical review of the development of behavioral economics with a focus on what are deemed to be core theories in the field. Starting from the utility function proposed by Daniel Bernoulli in the 18th century, the development history of utility functions until the emergence of the prospect theory is thoroughly reviewed. Some of the experimental results violating the traditionally assumed utility function and supporting the prospect theory value function are summarized. The most representative principles of rational choice are transitivity, independence from irrelevant alternatives (IIA), and regularity. The development of behavioral economics has been triggered by finding counter-examples to these principles. Some of the choice behaviors discussed in this study as counter-examples to the traditional theories of rational choice are the St. Petersburg paradox; the Allais paradox; gambling behavior; and the various context effects including the similarity effect, attraction effect, and the compromise effect. The Elimination-by-Aspects (EBA) model, which was proposed as an explanation for the similarity effect, is discussed in detail as well. Based on the literature review and further analysis, this study summarizes the relationship between the context effects, prospect theory, and EBA model. Research design, data, and methodology - This study provides an extensive literature review on several important theories in the field of behavioral decision theory and adds some critical comments to the theories and the relationships among them. This study first reviews the development of utility functions. Daniel Bernoulli introduced the concept of utility function to solve the St. Petersburg paradox. In the mid-20th century, Herbert Simon proposed the "satisficing" heuristic and presented a value function with a shape different from traditional utility functions. This study highlights the strengths and weaknesses of several utility functions proposed until the emergence of the prospect theory value function. Results - This study posits that prospect theory and EBA model are the two most important theories in the field of behavioral decision theory. They can explain various choice behaviors that traditional utility maximization analysis has been unable to. The application of these models to various fields is further increasing nowadays. This study explains how prospect theory and the EBA model can be used to explain the context effects. Conclusions - The traditional economic theory relies on a single variable called "utility" in explaining consumer choice. However, this study argues that, in investigating consumer choice, several other variables should also be considered. These are the similarity among alternatives, an alternative's prototypicality within the category, the dominance relationship between alternatives, and the reference point in evaluating alternatives. Due to the development of behavioral economics, we are now closer to a more complete understanding of consumer choice behavior than in the past when we had only a single tool called utility.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.3-21
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• 2015

Since the 1990s, the notion of governance has been introduced as an alternative way of understanding the new trend of public administration. Then, it was followed by the emergence of the concept, e-governance (electronic governance) with the development of information and communication technologies. E-governance means an approach to understanding how to manage state affairs. It emphasizes the notion of governance where various actors (government-market-civil society, etc.) adjust and cooperate through mutual collaborative network, not a unilateral decision-making form of government, in order to solve common problems. It also carries the notion of 'electronic' in the sense that it operates on the basis of utilizing information and communication technology (ICT). This study systematically attempts to analyze research trends and methodologies of e-governance in major Korean journals and proceedings in the field of public administration and policy studies over the last 15 years. Some of the findings are worth noting: first, e-governance studies in Korea are in large measure concentrated on the government-centered perspective. Also, past studies tend to focus on problem-solving by suggesting policy alternatives. Past studies, thus, seem to pay relatively less attention to explanation of the phenomena through rigorous analysis. Under the circumstances, this review is expected to shed light on some of conceptual or methodological issues related e-governance studies, thus, to provide significant implications for future research of e-governance.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.157-179
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• 2009

This papers aims to focus on the city marketing as the green growth policy strategies using a case study of Gangneung City, Republic of Korea. In the case study it was verified the fields of urban growth including ecology, culture, alternative and recycled energy, green transportation system. The implications of the study were as follows: First, the city government had regenerated the coastal pine forest through removing unlicensed buildings which were squatted down in decades. Secondly, the city government has recognized the value of culture that possessed various types of cultural asserts. Thirdly, it is possible to use and produce the ocean energy with the tidal power plant, wind power plant and green deep water because Gangneung City has the ocean-oriented image and is located the coastal region. Lastly, the city government has been utilizing the LED traffic light using solar heat and is going to apply the green car like an electric car. This paper indicates the importance of the alternatives of the green growth-oriented policy through city marketing using the concept of culture and ecology. The city government will strive after an advanced triple bottom line with the ecological sustainability, cultural diversity and economic effectiveness in the near future.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.173-193
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• 2016

The aim of this paper is to extend the TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) to the fuzzy environment for solving the disaster recovery priority decision problem in credit bureau business information system. In this paper, the rating of each information systems and the weight of each criterion are described by linguistic terms which can be expressed in trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Then, a vertex method is proposed to calculate the distance between two trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. According to the concept of the TOPSIS, a closeness coefficient is defined to determine the ranking order of all information systems. The combination between the fuzzy set and TOPSIS brings several benefits when compared with other approaches, such that the fuzzy TOPSIS require few fuzzy judgements to parameterization, which contributes to the agility of the decision process, it does not limit the number of alternatives simultaneously evaluated, and it does not cause the ranking reversal problem when a new alternative is included in the evaluation process. This paper is demonstrated with a real case study of a credit rating agency involving 9 evaluation criteria and 9 credit bureau business information systems assessed by 6 evaluators, and provide the systematic disaster recovery framework for BCP(Business Continuity Planning) to practitioner. Finally, this paper show that the procedure of the proposed fuzzy TOPSIS method is well suited as a decision-making tool for the disaster recovery priority decision problem in credit bureau business information system.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-85
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• 2012

There are various views in the boundary of deflationism of truth in regarding the nature and role of truth. This paper surveys the issue on how the core thesis uniting the deflationism is characterized. First, I will examine some comments on what is the central thesis supported or rejected by the deflationists and inflationists, mainly discussing Armour-Garb and Beall's work, and will show on which aspects they are unsatisfying. From this, I will suggest these statements: first, the central cores of deflationism are conceptual fundamentality and explanatory exhausting. Second, the particularity thesis, understood in an alternative way, cannot be a central claim of deflationism. Third, another important claim from deflationists, the expression thesis, can be derived from the two main thesis above. But it is still not clear enough what the non-expressive explanatory role of truth, which is denied by the expression thesis. So I will check some possible clarifications on it and discuss why they should be rejected. And I will introduce Dummett's view on the role of truth condition in truth conditional explanation of meaning, and I will claim that if Dummett is right why the role must be a inflated one. Finally, I will suggest a further implication that the understanding on the both sides can be widened by connecting considerations on both views.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.341-345
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• 2019

Ethyl formate (EF) is a rapid kill, environmentally safe, and low mammalian toxicity fumigant, registered to disinfest quarantine insect pests from imported agricultural products. A new concept for controlling insect pests of agricultural crops was tested in a fumigation chamber with EF. Control efficacy of and phyto-toxicity due to EF fumigation were evaluated against four pests (Thrips palmi, Bemisia tabaci, Myzus persicae, and Tetranychus urticae) and on seedlings of four fruit vegetables (FVs; yellow melon, cucumber, tomato, and pepper). Ethyl formate fumigation at a dose of 1.5 g m^-3 for 12 h produced >93.3% mortality in T. palmi, B. tabaci, and M. persicae. However, T. urticae was tolerant to fumigation, showing only 20% mortality at 2.0 g m^-3. In terms of concentration × time (CT) products, at least 8.9 g·h m^-3 CT at 20 ± 1.5℃ was needed to achieve > 90% mortality against the three susceptible insect pests. Fumigation at 1.5 g m^-3 for 12 h caused no phyto-toxicity to any of the four FV seedlings. Ethyl formate application, as a new disinfestation method in greenhouses, could be an alternative to reduce the use of conventional insecticides. However, further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of this method at different pest developmental stages and in different greenhouse environments. Additionally, research is needed to elucidate the phyto-toxicity of EF application at different growing stages of a wide variety of crops.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.26
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• pp.7-44
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• 2004

This paper proposed semiotic model to explain representation process of time in cinema. Limitations of cinematic narratology which explain representation process of time in cinema were indicated, then alternative explanations of Deleuzian philosophy of cinema were proposed. After discussion about articulations of cinematic code, Deleuzian concept of movement-image was suggested as semiotic minimal unit of cinema. In cinema, Movement-image is divided two different aspects ; "normal movement-image" and "abnormal movement-image". Therefore, two different semiotic representation process of time was reconstructed in accordance with Peircean semiosis theory. In this two different semiotic process, modern cinema emphasize the direct representation process of time with "abnormal movement-image". As Deleuze indicated, The "time-image" is presented in this semiotic process. The "time-image" makes it possible to consider "time itself" as philosophical fact which is laid between reality and cinema, This semiotic process more emphasizes pure expressionality than representationality. Deleuzian philosophical journey through cinema was started in this point.