• Title/Summary/Keyword: alternate treatment

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Hardness and Distortion Characteristics of SCM415 Steel by Carburizing (진공침탄과 가스침탄에 의한 SCM415강의 경도 및 변형특성)

  • Park, S.J.;Rhee, K.S.;Kim, K.S.
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.269-271
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    • 2002
  • For the investigation of the hardness profiles and distortion characteristics of SCM415 steel, test pieces of SCM415 steel were gas and vacuum carburizing treated. The hardness profiles and distortion characteristics of vacuum and gas carburized SCM415 steel show different results. Vacuum carburizing can offer more improved hardness profiles than alternate methods of carburizing. Compared to alternate methods of carburizing, vacuum carburizing can offer improved mechanical properties and reduced cycle times of the process.

The Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Forced Vital Capacity and Phonation Capabilities in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

  • Ju, Joung-Youl;Kang, Kwon-Young;Shin, Hee-Joon
    • Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.339-343
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is to see the effect of functional electrical stimulation on forced vital capacity and alternating motion rate in children with spastic cerebral palsy. This study divided 20 children with spastic cerebral palsy into two groups; functional electrical stimulation treatment group and control group. Functional electrical stimulation treatment group had 20min per day treatment three times a week for four weeks and the control group did not have any treatment. Before and after intervention, this study measured forced vital capacity and alternate motion rate(/peo/,/teo/) for all children. Forced vital capacity showed statistically significant increase for the group with functional electrical stimulation(p<.05) while the control group did not show any significant increase(p>.05). Alternate motion rate showed statistically significant increase for the group with functional electrical stimulation(p<.05) while the control group did not show any significant increase(p>.05). This result shows that functional electrical stimulation affected the ability of the children with spastic cerebral palsy who have decreased breathing and phonation capability.

Correction of Class III malocclusion with alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions using a hybrid hyrax-mandibular miniplate combination and simultaneous orthodontic treatment: A case report

  • Martinez-Smit, Rosana;Aristizabal, Juan Fernando;Filho, Valfrido Antonio Pereira
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.49 no.5
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    • pp.338-346
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    • 2019
  • In this report, we describe the successful use of alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions with a hybrid hyrax-mandibular miniplate combination and simultaneous orthodontic treatment for the management of severe Class III malocclusion due to maxillary hypoplasia in an 11-year-old girl. The devices were removed after 20 months of treatment, and the family was instructed about a careful control and retention program that should be followed in accordance with the patient's growth. The final result included the correction of Class III malocclusion with adequate function and excellent facial esthetics, which restored the patient's self-esteem and provided personal motivation. The outcomes showed good stability after 24 months of retention. The decrease in the duration of active treatment is the most important finding from the present case. Considering that facial esthetics in adolescence is a determining factor for the development of a personality and interpersonal relationships, we recommend the use of this protocol for growing patients, who will exhibit not only an improved physical appearance but also a better quality of life.

Development of a System for Controlling Ginseng Alternaria Leaf Blight (Alternaria panax) to Reduce Fungicide Application and Use (살균제 감량을 위한 인삼 점무늬병 방제체계의 개발)

  • Li, Xiangguo;Choi, Jae-Eul
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.17-22
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    • 2009
  • To reduce the amount of chemical fungicides and the number of spray for the control of Alternaria blight of ginseng, biofungicides were used in order to reduce the residue and ensure the safety of ginseng plants. The control efficiencies were 68.34%$\sim$73.56% against Alternaria blight in 2 times alternate spray of biofungicides and chemical fungicide at 14 days interval whereas the control efficiencies were 87.00%$\sim$89.42% in 2 times alternate spray of 3 different kinds of chemical fungicides at 14 days interval. In case of treatment combination the control efficiencies were 74.53%$\sim$87.23% in alternate spray of mixture of biofungicides and chemical fungicides at 28 days interval in all combinations except 2 kinds of combinations (Com-12 and Com-17). Therefore, the alternate application of the biofungicides and chemical fungicides or alternate application of mixture of biofungicides and chemical fungicides could reduce the amount of chemical fungicide about 75.00%$\sim$83.33%.

REGULATION OF RAT ADRENAL MEDULLARY PHENYLETHANOL AMINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE

  • Yoo, Young-Sook;Wong, Dona L.
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.89-97
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    • 1990
  • Neural regulation of phenylethanolamine N-meth-yltransferase (PNMT) was studied with reserpine as a neuronal agent in rat adrenal medulla. The enzyme activity assay and northern blot analysis were performed to determine whether the induction of PNMT activity after reserpine treatment was associated with elevation of mRNA coding for PNMT. The i.p. administration of reserpine (2.5 mg/kg) on alternate days fot 4 injections to rats brought about 30% increase of adrenal medullary PNMT activity and approximately 60% stimulation of the PNMT mRNA level in rat adrenal gland. A dose of 10 mg/kg of reserpine was chosen to perform optimum induction of PNMT activity in the rat adrenal gland based on the results of dose response curve of reserpine. Time course reserpine (10 mg/kg) effects on the rat adrenal medullary PNMT were as follows: 1. Peripheral PNMT activity reached maximum level after 7 days of drug treatment on alternate days. 2. Trans-synaptic stimulation by reserpine increased pretranslational activity of rat adrenal PNMT, but not translational activity. 3. Immunotitration of PNMT molecule after reserpine treatment indicated that reserpine produced an enzyme with greater antibody affinity than endogenous molecule in the rat adrenal gland.

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Effects of Alternate Treatment of Estrogen Receptor Antagonist and Agonist on Morphology of Male Reproductive Organs of Adult Mice

  • Choi, Hayana;Seong, Chi Nam;Park, Mi Suk;Cho, Hyun Wook
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.103-109
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    • 2013
  • ICI 182,780 (ICI) is known as an estrogen receptor antagonist, whereas propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) is an estrogen receptor agonist. In this study, ICI or ICI added with PPT was injected into adult male mice. Body and reproductive organ weights were reduced in the ICI added with PPT group compared to the control group. Further, the ICI and ICI added with PPT groups both showed increases in luminal areas of the seminiferous tubules of the testis, whereas cell heights of efferent ductules and the initial segment of the epididymis were reduced. Sperm count in the caudal epididymis was reduced in the ICI and ICI added with PPT groups. These results show that reproductive tissues were more deeply affected in the ICI added with PPT group. We also demonstrated that treatment with ICI resulted in histological changes in the testis, efferent ductule, and epididymis. Further, alternate treatment with ICI and PPT induced abnormalities in reproductive organs. These results indicate that a high concentration of PPT together with ICI may cause histological abnormalities instead of histological restoration in reproductive organs.

Acoustic Characteristics of 'Short Rushes of Speech' using Alternate Motion Rates in Patients with Parkinson's Disease (파킨슨병 환자의 교대운동속도 과제에서 관찰된 '말 뭉침'의 음향학적 특성)

  • Kim, Sun Woo;Yoon, Ji Hye;Lee, Seung Jin
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2015
  • It is widely accepted that Parkinson's disease(PD) is the most common cause of hypokinetic dysarthria, and its characteristics of 'short rushes of speech' have become more evident along with the severity of motor disorders. Speech alternate motion rates (AMRs) are particularly useful for observing not only rate abnormalities but also deviant speech. However, relatively little is known about the characteristics of 'short rushes of speech' in terms of AMRs of PD except for the perceptual characteristics. The purpose of this study was to examine which acoustic features of 'short rushes of speech' in terms of AMRs are a robust indicator of Parkinsonian speech. Numbers of syllabic repetitions (/pə/, /tə/, /kə/) in AMR tasks were analyzed through acoustic methods observing a spectrogram of the Computerized Speech Lab in 9 patients with PD. Acoustically, we found three characteristics of 'short rushes of speech': 1) Vocalized consonants without closure duration(VC) 76.3%; 2) No consonant segmentation(NC) 18.6%; 3) No vowel formant frequency(NV) 5.1%. Based on these results, 'short rushes of speech' may affect the failure to reach and maintain the phonatory targets. In order to best achieve the therapeutic goals, and to make the treatment most efficacious, it is important to incorporate training methods which are based on both phonation and articulation.

Protective effects of saffron against zearalenone-induced alterations in reproductive hormones in female mice (Mus musculus)

  • Ahmad, Bashir;Shrivastava, Vinoy K.;Saleh, Ramadan;Henkel, Ralf;Agarwal, Ashok
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.163-169
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    • 2018
  • Objective: Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin with potent estrogenic effects. Saffron is an herbal product that has antioxidant activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective role of saffron against reproductive toxicity induced by ZEA in female mice. Methods: Ninety 8-week-old female mice were randomly allocated into three treatment groups. The first group received an intraperitoneal injection of ZEA (2.5 mg/kg) on alternate days. The second group received ZEA (2.5 mg/kg) on alternate days plus oral saffron daily (50 mg/kg). The third group was treated with a vehicle of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on alternate days, as a control. Ten mice were euthanized from each group at 30, 60, and 90 days of treatment. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol ($E_2$), and progesterone (P) were assessed. The uterus and ovaries were examined for changes in size or morphology. Results: Serum levels of LH, FSH, $E_2$, and P in the female mice treated with ZEA plus saffron were significantly higher than in those treated with ZEA alone, and were not significantly different from those treated with 1% DMSO. The female mice treated with ZEA alone showed a reduction in size of the uterus and abnormal architecture of the ovaries. Conclusion: The administration of saffron to female mice resulted in a significant reduction in ZEA-induced alterations in reproductive hormone levels, the size of the uterus, and the morphology of the ovaries.

Effects of Treatment Methods of Fire-retardant and Layup of Treated Veneers on the Performances of Plywoods (내화약제(耐火藥劑)의 처리방법(處理方法) 및 처리단판(處理單板)의 조판형태(調板形態)가 합판(슴板)의 성능(性能)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Son, Jung-Il;Cho, Jae-Sung;Suh, Jin-Suk
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.39-50
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    • 1999
  • This research was carried out to investigate the development of fire-retardancy treatment technology and performance evaluation of fire-retardant treated plywoods. Radiata pine, keruing, dillenia, calophyllum and terminalia veneers were treated by normal(conventional) pressure soak(NPS) and vacuum-pressure-soak(VPS) using 20% water solution of diammonium phosphate. Then, 4.8mm thick, 3ply plywoods were fabricated with combination of fire-retardant treated, untreated or water-immersion types and several composition types of radiata pine and keruing veneers, i,e. the uniform and the mixed types in species composition, and the homogenious and the alternate layer types in veneer treatment. In composed species, the retention and the treatment effects of fire-retardant chemicals III radiata pine was still greater than those of keruing. The effect of VPS treatment was larger than that of NPS treatment, however, adhesive bonding strength and bending strength of plywoods treated by these two methods were not necessarily lowered, compared to those of untreated plywood. And also, fire endurance performance of the urea melamine resin-bonded plywood was greater than that of the phenol resin-bonded plywood. In result, the appropriate combination in veneer species and layer as well as alternate fire-retardant treatments would be more efficiently available in service.

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALTERNATE PRESSURIZED THERMAL SHOCK RULE (10 CFR 50.61a) IN THE UNITED STATES

  • Kirk, Mark
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.277-294
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    • 2013
  • In the early 1980s, attention focused on the possibility that pressurized thermal shock (PTS) events could challenge the integrity of a nuclear reactor pressure vessel (RPV) because operational experience suggested that overcooling events, while not common, did occur, and because the results of in-reactor materials surveillance programs showed that RPV steels and welds, particularly those having high copper content, experience a loss of toughness with time due to neutron irradiation embrittlement. These recognitions motivated analysis of PTS and the development of toughness limits for safe operation. It is now widely recognized that state of knowledge and data limitations from this time necessitated conservative treatment of several key parameters and models used in the probabilistic calculations that provided the technical of the PTS Rule, 10 CFR 50.61. To remove the unnecessary burden imposed by these conservatisms, and to improve the NRC's efficiency in processing exemption and license exemption requests, the NRC undertook the PTS re-evaluation project. This paper provides a synopsis of the results of that project, and the resulting Alternate PTS rule, 10 CFR 50.61a.