• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2003

Purpose: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely accepted as a useful tumor marker for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinomas. On rare occasions, however, an abnormal elevation of serum AFP also has been reported in an adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. We evaluated the influence of preoperative abnormal elevation of serum AFP (AFP positivity) on the prognosis of resectable gastric cancers. Materials and Methods: 812 gastric cancer patients, who were investigated for serum AFP before their operations and who underwent gastric resections with D2 or more extended lymph node dissection, were enrolled in the study. The survival rates were calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method and were compared by using the log-rank test. A multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Fifty patients ($6.2\%$) were AFP positive (10.1. 4322.6 ng/ml). The survival rate of the AFP positive group was significantly lower than that of the AFP negative group ( $46.6\%\;vs.\;67.0\%$; P=0.0002). The depth of tumor invasion, the degree of regional lymph node metastasis, distant metastases, the TNM stage, the gross type, differentiation, the extent of gastric resection, and the curability of the surgery also significantly influenced survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that the depth of tumor invasion, the degree of regional lymph node metastasis, the curability of the surgery, and AFP positivity were independent prognostic indicators. Conclusion: Preoperative serum AFP can be used as an independent prognostic factor of resectable gastric cancer.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.101-104
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• 2018

Purpose Alpha fetoprotein(AFP) is a fetal serum protein that increases in germ cell tumors derived from liver cancer or egg yolk. AFP test has been used for screening of liver cancer, determination of tumor stage, determination of therapeutic effect, and fetal congenital malformations. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of the four kits, identify the advantages and disadvantages of each kit, and select the appropriate kits for our laboratory. Materials and Methods Blood samples were obtained from 89 patients attending the Seoul national university hospital. Experiments were carried out in accordance with manufacturer's instructions of four companies(A, B, C, D). The precision, recovery, linearity, and sensitivity test were performed for each kit. Results In case of the precision within the measurement, the CV value of the C kit was less than 5% at the low, middle, and high concentrations. The A, B and D kit's the CV value was less than 5% at the concentrations except the low concentration. The recovery rates of the A, B, C, and D kits were $100{\pm}15%$, $100{\pm}30%$, $100{\pm}16%$ and $100{\pm}14%$, respectively. All kits showed good linearity. Sensitivity was measured as 0.5 IU/mL for A, 0.4 IU/mL for B, 0.98 IU/mL for C, and 0.3 IU/mL for D. Conclusion The CV values of the four kits were within 10%, and the correlation coefficients were close to 1 for $R^2=0.978$, $R^2=0.992$ and $R^2=0.8957$. As a result, they are clinically available. Therefore, each laboratory should select the appropriate kit for their experiment's environment.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.382-387
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• 1995

항-AFP 단일 클론 항체를 생산한 다음, 이를 이용한 noncompetitive ELISA 방법으로 정상인과 간암 및 그 밖의 간질환 환자의 혈청내 AFP농도를 측정해 본 결과 간암진단 방법으로는 혈청 AFP농도 측정이 필수적임이 확인되었다. 또한 간암 및 그 밖의 간질환 환자의 조직에 대한 항-AFP-항체의 반응성을 immunperoxidase 방법과 indirect immunofluorescence 방법으로 검정해 본 결과, 간암조직세포 및 일부 간질환 조직세포에서 항-AFP-항체에 대해 양성반응을 나타내었다. 그러나 그 반응성의 정도는 간암조직세포에서 보다 간암조직 주위의 비신생 간세퐁서 더욱 높았다. 그러므로 간암 진단에 있어서 AFP항원을 면역조직화학적으로 검정하는 방법은 적합하지 않았다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.168-174
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• 1997

1993년 1월부터 1996년 9월까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 산부인과에 내원한 임신 8주에서 41주까지의 정상임산부 500명을 대상으로 혈청 AFP치를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 정상임산부 혈청 AFP치는 임신 8주에 가장 낮았으며, 임신 32주에서 최고치를 나타내었다. 2. 초산부와 경산부의 혈청 AFP평균치는 각각 $166.4{\pm}12.1ng/ml$, $223.8{\pm}14.0ng/ml$ 이었으며, 경산부가 초산부보다 혈청 AFP치가 통계적으로 의의있게 높았다(p<0.01). 3. 정상남아와 정상여아를 분만한 임산부의 혈청 AFP평균치는 각각 $193.0{\pm}13.0ng/ml$, $194.3{\pm}13.8ng/ml$이었으며, 정상남아를 분만한 임산부는 정상 여아를 분만한 임산부와 비교시 혈청 AFP치가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 4. 각 주수에 따른 정상 산모의 혈청 AFP는 표 3과 같다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3819-3823
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• 2013

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The outcome of HCC depends mainly on its early diagnosis. To date, the performance of traditional biomarkers is unsatisfactory. Talins were firstly identified as cytoplasmic protein partners of integrins but Talin-1 appears to play a crucial role in cancer formation and progression. Our study was conducted to assess the diagnostic value of serum Talin-1 (TLN1) compared to the most feasible traditional biomarker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for the diagnosis of HCC. Methods: TLN1 was detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum samples from 120 Egyptian subjects including 40 with HCC, 40 with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 40 healthy controls (HC). Results: ROC curve analysis was used to create a predictive model for TLN1 relative to AFP in HCC diagnosis. Serum levels of TLN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma patients were significantly higher compared to the other groups (p<0.0001). The diagnostic accuracy of TLN1 was higher than that of AFP regarding sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in diagnosis of HCC. Conclusions: The present study showed for the first time that Talin-1 (TLN1) is a potential diagnostic marker for HCC, with a higher sensitivity and specificity compared to the traditional biomarker AFP.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2985-2990
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• 2012

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the main malignant tumor of the liver, is very common and highly lethal. The aim of this study was to determine its clinicopathologic characteristics and risk factors in Turkey. Materials and methods: In this study, patients who were diagnosed as suffering from HCC in the period between August 2004 and December 2011 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total of 98 patients were included, with a median age 61 (range: 16 to 82). Seventy nine (80.6%) were male 59 (60.2%) were infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 15 (15.3%) with HCV, another 15 (15.3%) being alcohol abusers. Seventy two (73.5%) were at advanced stage and 54 (55.1%) had elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Surgery, chemoembolization, systemic chemotherapy and application of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib were the major treatment options. Conclusions: According to our findings HCC is mostly diagnosed in advanced stage and age, being five times more common in males than females. Main risk factors of HCC are HBV infection, HCV infection and alcohol abuse. Elevation in AFP may facilitate early diagnosis of HCC in high risk groups.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권1호
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• pp.72-76
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• 2012

We observed a very rare case of primary lung cancer producing alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). A 70-year-old male with a history of smoking 50 packs per year was diagnosed with large cell carcinoma of the lung. The clinical stage was T2bN3M0 (IIIB), and serum AFP was 23,247 ng/mL. There was no evidence of metastasis to the liver, scrotum or other organs. While undergoing chemotherapy for 1 year, as the cancer progressed the AFP value steadily increased. The patient died of respiratory failure due to pneumonia 12 months after being diagnosed with lung cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1539-1544
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• 2014

Purpose: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP (AFP-L3), and Golgi protein 73 (GP73) levels have been widely used as tumor markers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to investigate whether these tumor markers could be used to monitor short-term treatment response and recurrence of HCC in patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Methods: Between July 2012 and July 2013, 53 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed HCC were prospectively enrolled in this study. Among these, 32 patients underwent RFA, after which they were followed up prospectively at the First Hospital of Jilin University in China. Results: AFP, AFP-L3, and GP-73 values pre-RFA were not associated with tumor size, whereas AFP and GP-73 levels tended to be associated with tumor number, the presence of vascular invasion, deterioration of liver function, advanced-stage disease, and a poor performance status. GP-73 levels were dramatically elevated in the patients with hepatitis C-associated HCC. Neither pre-RFA nor 1-month post-RFA tumor marker values were associated with short-term outcome. The short-term recurrence rate of AFP-positive patients measured 1 month post-RFA was obviously higher than that of AFP-negative patients. Conclusions: AFP and GP-73 values were associated with clinical variables representing tumor growth and invasiveness, and the AFP value measured 1 month post-RFA was a strong predictor of short-term recurrence in patients with HCC.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.189-192
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• 2009

목적 : 자동분주기의 fixed probe pipetting system 은 검체 분주시 probe 내외부의 잔여물이 다음 pipetting cycle로 이월되어 처음 측정치가 차기 측정치의 결과에 영향을 미치는 이월오염(carryover contamination)을 발생시킬 수 있다. 이번 연구는 본원에 도입된 TECAN 사의 Freedom Evo 100 자동 분주기의 $\alpha$-fetoprotein (AFP)과 carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 검사 시 검체간 이월오염 발생을 확인하였다. 방법 : reference 가 되는 오염이 안 된 저농도 검체를 연속분주한다. 그런 후 고농도 검체를 분주한 다음 오염이 예상되는 저농도 검체를 연속 3회 분주하는 과정을 교대로 반복한다. 오염이 안 된 저농도 검체와 오염이 예상되는 저농도 검체값의 각 평균값을 서로 비교하여보고 각 저농도 검체값이 최소 검출 농도 이하인지 확인하고 만약 저농도 검체값간의 평균값이 차이가 있다면 그 차이가 1 ppm 이하의 carryover target 농도값 이하인지 확인한다. 결과 : AFP 약 650,000 IU/mL와 CEA 약 65,000 ng/mL의 고농도 검체에서는 오염이 안 된 저농도 검체값과 오염이 예상되는 저농도 검체값의 평균값 모두 각 검사의 최소 검출 농도값 이하로 이월오염이 나타나지 않았다. 결론 : 이번 연구에서 사용한 AFP와 CEA의 고농도 검체에서는 이월오염이 나타나지 않았지만 검사자는 검사결과 보고시 고농도 검체가 다음 환자 검사결과의 안정성에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 주시하고 이월오염을 확인하기위해 주기적인 장비관리와 이월오염 측정을 시행하여야한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.719-722
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• 2015

Objective: To evaluate the values of 4 tumor markers in serum and ascites and their ascites/serum ratios in the identification and diagnosis of benign and malignant ascites. Materials and Methods: A total of 76 patients were selected as subjects and divided into malignant ascites group (45 cases) and benign ascites group (31 cases). Samples of ascites and serum of all hospitalized patients were collected before treatment. The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were detected by chemiluminescence (CLIA). Results: CEA, AFP and CA19-9 in both serum and ascites as well as CA125 in ascites were evidently higher in the malignant ascites group than in the benign ascites group (P<0.01). Malignant ascites was associated with elevated ascites/serum ratios for AFP and CA125 (P<0.01). The areas under receiver operating characteristic (AUROCs) of CEA and CA125 in ascites and the ratios of ascites/serum of AFP, CEA, CA125 and CA19-9 were all >0.7, suggesting certain values, while those of ascites CA19-9 and serum CEA were 0.697 and 0.629 respectively, indicating low accuracy in the identification and diagnosis of benign and malignant ascites. However, the AUROCs of the remaining indexes were <0.5, with no value for identification and diagnosis. Compared with single index, the sensitivity of combined detection increased significantly (P<0.05), in which the combined detection of CEA, CA19-9 and CA125 in ascites as well as the ratio of ascites/serum of CEA, CA19-9, CA125 and AFP had the highest sensitivity (98.4%) but with relevantly low specificity. Both sensitivity and specificity of combined detection should be comprehensively considered so as to choose the most appropriate index. Conclusions: Compared with single index, combined detection of tumor markers in serum and ascites can significantly improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.