• 열처리공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.324-332
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• 1998

The grain growth characteristics of dual-phase (${\alpha}+{\gamma}$) containing high Cr-steel have investigate using ${\alpha}$-, ${\gamma}$-single phases and (${\alpha}+{\gamma}$)dual-phase of 12%Cr Steel. The heat treatment has performed at $1000-1200^{\circ}C$ for 1-100hr. The results are as follows : 1) The grain growth rate in (${\alpha}+{\gamma}$) dual phase was substantially slower than that of single grain. 2) The relation between mean grain radius $\bar{{\gamma}}$ and annealing time t is, in general, described as following equation : $$(\bar{{\gamma}})^n-(\bar{{\gamma}_o})^n=K_n{\cdot}t{\cdots}{\cdots}(1)$$ i) In the case of single phase of high Cr steel, Eq.(1) is described as $(\bar{{\gamma}})^2-(\bar{{\gamma}_o})^2=K_2{\cdot}t$ and the grain growth is controlled by boundary migration. ii) In dual phase, the grain growth needs diffusion of alloying elements because the chemical composition of ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$- phases differs from each other. When the volume fraction of ${\alpha}$-, ${\gamma}$-phase was almost equal and ${\gamma}$-phase in the case of 80 and $90%{\gamma}$. Eq.(1) is described as $(\bar{{\gamma}})^3-(\bar{{\gamma}_o})^3=K_3{\cdot}t$ because the grain growth is controlled by volume diffusion iii) In the case of ${\gamma}$-rich phase (80 and $90%{\gamma}$), the grain growth of minor phase (10 and $20%{\alpha}$) is described as $(\bar{{\gamma}})^4-(\bar{{\gamma}_o})^4=K_4{\cdot}t$ because the boundary diffusion is predominent rather than volume diffusion.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1893-1898
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• 1998

Self-phase modulation (SPM)에 의해 발생한 Chirp에 의해 향상된 전송 특성을 고려하여 송신단에서의 $\alpha$ 계수를 재정의 하였다. $\alpha$ 계수는 stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS)을 무시할 수 있는 12.5dBm의 광입력으로 인한 SPM 현상이 존재하는 경우 송신기 자체의 $\alpha$ 계수에 비해 약 1 정도 줄어들었다. 이와 같이 $\alpha$ 계수의 감소는 송신기에서 $\alpha$ 계수가 positive던지 negative던지 간에 전송 특성을 향상시킬 수 있다. SPM에 의한 유효 $\alpha$ 계수는 10 Gbps급 초고속 전송 시스템 설계에 중요한 계수가 될 수 있다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.481-487
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• 2014

The effect of alpha phase on the fatigue properties of Fe-29%Ni-17%Co low thermal expansion alloy was investigated. Two kinds of alloys (Base alloy and Alpha alloy) were prepared by controlling the minimal alloy composition. Microstructure observation, tensile, high-cycle fatigue, and low-cycle fatigue results were measured in this study. The Base alloy microstructure showed typical austenite ${\gamma}$ phase. Alpha alloy represented the dispersed phase in the austenite ${\gamma}$ matrix. As a result of tensile testing, Alpha alloy was found to have higher strengths (Y.S. & T.S.) and lower elongation compared to those of the Base alloy. High cycle fatigue results showed that Alpha alloy had a higher fatigue limit (360MPa) than that (330MPa) of the Base alloy. The Alpha alloy exhibited the superior high cycle fatigue property in all of the fatigue stress conditions. SEM fractography results showed that the alpha phase could act to effectively retard both fatigue crack initiation and crack propagation. In the case of low-cycle fatigue, the Base alloy had longer fatigue life in the high plastic strain amplitude region and the Alpha alloy showed better fatigue property only in the low plastic strain amplitude region. The fatigue deformation behavior of the Fe-29%Ni-17%Co alloy was also discussed as related with its microstructure.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1475-1482
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• 1994

Compositionally triphasic boehmite-silica-zirconia composite gels were prepared by a multiphasic sol-gel route. Phase-formation characteristics and densification behavior of the gel compacts were examined with and without $\alpha$-Al2O3 seeding. In the unseeded triphasic gels, both $\alpha$-Al2O3 and mullite crystallize simultaneously at 130$0^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, the $\alpha$-Al2O3 seeding selectively induces the formation of corundum phase ($\alpha$-Al2O3) at a significantly lower temperature (~110$0^{\circ}C$) and facilitates an epitaxial growth of $\alpha$-Al2O3 between 1100~130$0^{\circ}C$. The densification of alumina-mullite-zirconia composite (derived from the triphasic gels) was also enhanced by the $\alpha$-Al2O3 seeding, and this was attributed to the delayed crystallization of mullite in the $\alpha$-Al2O3 seeded gel.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.358-362
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• 1988

세포외 효소를 효율적으로 생산하기 위한 새로운 발효시스템으로서 수성 2상계를 시험하였다. 실험대상으로는 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 균주에 의하여 $\alpha$-amylase를 생산하는 시스템을 선정하였다. Polyethylene glycol 5%, dextran 7%, 그리고 발효액이 88% 포함된 수성 2상계 발효시스템에 의하여 $\alpha$-amylase의 생합성은 25% 정도 증가하였으며 효소의 비활성화는 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 Polyethylene glycol 이 효소의 생합성을 증진시키는 것으로 관찰되었다. 효소의 생합성을 증가시키며 동시에 효소를 발효액으로부터 분리하기 위하여는 polyethylene glycol을 성장도중에, dextran은 효소의 활성이 최고에 달한 후에 발효액에 가하는 발효방법이 바람직하다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2011

Mechanical and property corrosion resistance of Mg-Zn-Y alloys with an atomic ratio of Zn/Y of 6.8 are investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, uniaxial tensile test and corrosion test with immersion and dynamic potentiometric tests. The alloys showed an in-situ composite microstructure consisting of ${\alpha}$-Mg and icosahedral phase (I-phase) as a strengthening phase. As the volume fraction of the I-phase increases, the yield and tensile strengths of the alloys increase while maintaining large elongation (26~30%), indicating that I-phase is effective for strengthening and forms a stable interface with surrounding ${\alpha}$-Mg matrix. The presence of I-phase having higher corrosion potential than ${\alpha}$-Mg, decreased the corrosion rate of the cast alloy up to I-phase volume fraction of 3.7%. However further increase in the volume fraction of the I-phase deteriorates the corrosion resistance due to enhanced internal galvanic corrosion cell between ${\alpha}$-Mg and I-phase.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2010

The phase transformations and the shape memory effect in In-rich Pb alloys and In rich-Sn alloys have been studied by means of X-ray diffractometry supplemented by metallographic observations. The alloys containing 12~15 at.%Pb transform from the ${\alpha}_2$ (fct) phase to the ${\alpha}_1$ (fct) phase by way of an intermediate phase (m phase) on cooling. The results of X-ray diffraction show that the metastable intermediate phase is observed both on cooling and heating, and has a face-centered orthorhombic (fco) structure. It is concluded that the ${\alpha}_1{\rightleftarrows}{\alpha}_2$ transformation is expressed by the ${\alpha}_1{\rightleftarrows}m{\rightleftarrows}{\alpha}_2$ transformation both on usual cooling and heating with the rate more than $8{\times}10^{-3}$ K/s. The $m{\rightleftarrows}{\alpha}_2$ transformation takes place with a mechanism involving macroscopic shear and are of diffusionless (martensitic) type. The temperature hysteresis in the two transformations is 10~13 K between the heating and cooling transformations. The alloys containing 0~11 at.%Sn are -phase solid solutions with a face centered tetragonal structure (c/a > 1) at room temperature, the axial ratio increasing continuously with tin content. The In-(11~15) at.%Sn alloys are mixtures of ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ phases, the ${\beta}$ phase having a f. c. tetragonal structure (c/a < 1). The alloys containing more than 15 at.%Sn are ${\beta}$-phase solid solutions. The In-(12.9~15.0) at.%Sn alloys show a shape memory effect only when quenched to the temperature of liquid nitrogen, although their effect becomes weak and finally disappears after keeping at room temperature for a long time. The ${\beta}{\rightarrow}{\alpha}^{\prime}$ phase transformation is of the diffusionless (martensitic) type, and takes place between 330 K at 12.9 at.%Sn and 150 K at 14.5 at.%Sn. The hysteresis of transformation temperatures on heating and cooling is considerably large (29~40 K), depending on the composition. Both In-Pb and In-Sn alloys showed distinct the shape memory effects.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2010

${\alpha}$-크리스토발라이트 구조의 $GaPO_4$에 대한 고압 x-선 회절 실험을 상온에서 8.9 GPa까지 시행하였다. 정방정계에 속하는 출발결정구조는 1 GPa 이하의 압력에서 회절피크가 분리되는 변화를 보이는데, 아마도 망상구조를 이루고 있는 사면체의 방향성이 압력에 의해 흐트러지면서 상-I'로 상변이가 유도된 것 같다. 압력을 증가시키면, 상-I'는 2 GPa와 3 GPa 사이에서 정방정계에 속하는 고압상(상-III)으로 상변이를 하고 있다. 이 결과는 최근 동일한 시료를 이용하여 얻은 고압실험결과(Ming et al., 2007)와 일치하지 않는다. 최고압력에 도달한 다음, 압력을 대기압으로 내리면 상-III이 그대로 유지되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.190-195
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• 1992

Polythylene glycol/dextran 수성 2단계에서 polyethylene glycol의분자량과 농도가 증가할수록 체적비는 증가하고 분배계수는 감소하였다. 또한 dextran의 분자량이 증가할 수록 체적비는 감소하고 분배계수는 증가하였다. 한편 dextran의 농도가 증가할수록 체적비와 분배계수는 감소하였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

$\alpha$-Amylase 의 당전이반응에 의해 가용성전분으로부터 benzylalcohol-$\alpha$-glucoside(BG)를 합성하였다. 이 때 glycosyl 기의 공여체인 가용성전분 1%, glycosyl 기의 수용체인 benzylalcohol 90%, pH 5.0의 0.1M citrate 완충액 10%, Aspergillus oryzae 유래의 $\alpha$-amylase 10 unit를 함유하는 이상계(water-organic two phase )에서 당전이반응이 가장 효율적으로 일어났으며, $40^{\circ}C$, 80시간 정도의 반응에서 전문 10mg 으로부터 약 4mg 의 BG가 합성되었다. 합성초기에는 benzylalcohol-$\alpha$-maltoside(BM) 가 주로 생산되었다가 반응시간이 경과함에 따라 이는 가수분해되고 최종적으로는 BG 만이 생성되었다. 합성물질은 모두 환원력이 없고 $\alpha$-glucosidase 에 의해 가수분해되었드며 ESI-Mass 에 의해 분자량이 각각 270, 432로 측정되어 그 구조가 BG, BM 임을 확인하였다.