• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2021

Eosinophils are a type of granulocyte with eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm that play an important role in allergic and parasitic diseases. Eosinophils are important in the pathogenesis of asthma, and many studies have examined the relationship between them. In allergic eosinophilic asthma, eosinophils act not only as important effector cells but also as antigen-presenting cells in allergic inflammatory reactions. In nonallergic eosinophilic asthma, type 2 innate lymphoid cells in the airways play an important role in eosinophil activation. Direct methods, including bronchial biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage, and the induced sputum test, are used to evaluate eosinophilic inflammatory reactions in patients with asthma, however, because of difficulty with their implementation, they are sometimes replaced by measurements of blood eosinophils, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, and serum periostin level. However, these tests are less accurate than direct methods. For the treatment of patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, anti-interleukin-5 preparations such as mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab have recently been introduced and broadened the scope of asthma treatment. Although eosinophils are already known to play an important role in asthma, we expect that further studies will reveal more details of their action.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2023

Purpose: Sublingual immunotherapy is currently promoted by various companies, with administration schedules variable in the different products even though almost all are standardized immunologically. So, this study was planned to examine the efficacy of simple nondaily dosing of sublingual immunotherapy instead of the widely used daily schedule. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two patients with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma were enrolled. Sublingual immunotherapy (manufactured at the allergen immunotherapy preparation unit at Mansoura University) was given in suitable bottles with a dropper mechanism that permits comfortable dosing under the tongue. The physician recommended that the patient put the drops under his/her tongue and leave the drops beneath the tongue for 2 minutes before swallowing. This was repeated every 3 days, with the drop number and concentration gradually rising. Results: After 2 months of follow-up, 65.8% responded partially to the symptom score and 26.3% responded completely to the medication score. There was a significant decline in the symptom and medication scores from the baseline scores (p<0.0001). After 4 months of follow-up, 95.8% responded partially to symptom scores and no one has not responded; 54.2% responded completely to medication scores; and 81% of studied patients had no side effects. However, the most frequent side effect was a sore throat. Conclusion: Our nondaily schedule of sublingual immunotherapy is tolerable, safe, and effective in patients with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.460-466
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• 2024

Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation and respiratory tract remodeling. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play important roles in the pathogenesis and regulation of chronic inflammatory processes in asthma. The role of PPARγ has been studied using synthetic PPARγ agonists in patients with asthma. However, involvement of PPARα/δ has not been studied in asthma. In the present study, we investigated if elafibranor, a PPARα/δ dual agonist, can modulate ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma, which is a potential drug candidate for non-alcoholic fatty liver in obese patients. Elafibranor suppresses antigen-induced degranulation in RBL-2H3 mast cells without inducing cytotoxicity in vitro. In mice with OVA-induced allergic asthma, the administration of elafibranor suppressed OVA-induced airway hyper-responsiveness at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Elafibranor also suppressed the OVA-induced increase in immune cells and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Histological studies suggested that elafibranor suppressed OVA-induced lung inflammation and mucin hyper-production in the bronchial airways. In addition, elafibranor suppressed OVA-induced increases in serum immunoglobulin E and IL-13 levels in BALF. Conversely, the present study suggests that elafibranor has the potential for use in patients with allergic asthma.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.85-90
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• 1998

The role of the ECP(Eosinophilic cationic protein) is still unknown in the allergic rhinitis. In bronchial asthma, ECP can induce the exposure of the neuropeptidergic nerve to environments destroying the bronchial mucosa, aggravating the bronchial hypersensitivity and delay the mucociliary clearance. In the clinical aspect, we can (md that patients with perennial allergic rhinitis sometimes have sinusitis. The purpose of this article is to evaluate whether mucosal damage by ECP can play a role to develop the sinusitis by delaying the mucociliary clearance, and relationship between long symptom duration of allergic rhinitis and mucociliary clearance. In 32 perennial allergic rhinitis patients, we elucidated there is correlation among ECP presence, mucociliary clearance, sinusitis, and symptom durations. The obtained results were as follows : 1. ECP appeared in all mucosa of each specimen. 2. Mean mucociliary clearance time is 6 mins. 12 sec. in allergic patients with sinusitis, 6 mins. 36 sec in allergic patients without sinusitis. 3. n out of 32 cases have mucosal destruction. 4. Symptom duration is not correlated with the development of sinusitis. This study suggests that ECP may destroy the mucosa in allergic rhinitis and the mucociliary clearance of allergic rhinitis is not related to sinusitis and symptom dotation. Therefore development of sinusitis in allergic rhinitis seems not to be caused by delaying of mucociliary clearance due to mucosal destruction, but by some other factors.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2008

Allergic diseases have been dramarically increased over recent years, especially in industrialized countries. Oxidative stress has been believed to playa significant role in the occurrence of the allergic inflammatory responses. Although previous studies concerning oxidative stress and systemic inflammation have been reported, few data is available, and other allergic diseases, except for asthma, are hardly studied about the association with oxidative stress. This study evaluated the relationship between allergic disease and Malondialdehyde (MDA) as an indicator of oxidative stress. The study population was 197 male adults living in an industrial area. The ISAAC questionnaire was used to confirm wheezing and rhinitis, and atopy was evaluated by skin prick test. MDA was analyzed by spectrophotometer. To examine bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), methacholine test was performed, and the index of bronchial responsiveness (BR index) was calculated. We used multivariate logistic regression model and general linear model with SAS program. We found significant associations of MDA with brindex (p=0.023), rhinitis (p=0.016), atopy (p=0.03), adjusted by age, smoking, and body mass index (BMI). On the contrary, there was no significant difference of MDA with the status of asthma. Our result suggests that oxidative stress may playa major role in the occurrence of allergic response in male adults.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.284-290
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• 2003

목 적 : 호기 NO 농도는 비침습적인 하기도 염증의 지표로 주목받고 있으며 기도과민성과 아토피와의 관련성이 보고되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 만성천식 및 알레르기성 비염 환아에서 호기 NO 농도를 측정하고 기도과민성과 아토피 여부에 따른 차이를 분석하였다. 방 법 : 기관지 천식(n=55), 알레르기성 비염(n=17)으로 진단 된 환아 및 대조군(n=14)을 대상으로 2001년 1월부터 4월까지 호기 NO 농도를 측정하여 비교하였으며 다시 천식환아군은 아토피성(n=37) 및 비아토피성 천식군(n=18)으로 나누어 비교하였고 알레르기성 비염군은 기도과민성 유무에 따라 나누어 비교하였다(각각, n=7, n=10). 또한 천식군과 알레르기성 비염군을 대상으로 각각 피부 단자시험에서 양성항원 수 및 메타콜린 $PC_{20}$과 호기 NO 농도의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 호기 NO 농도는 천식군과 알레르기성 비염군이 대조군보다 유의하게 높았으며(P<0.01), 아토피성 천식군이 비아토피성 천식군보다, 비아토피성 천식군은 대조군보다 유의하게 높았다(P<0.01). 알레르기성 비염군은 기도과민성 유무에 따른 차이는 없었다(P=0.50). 천식군에서는 피부 단자시험에서 양성항원 수 및 메타콜린 $PC_{20}$과 호기 NO 농도간에 유의한 상관관계가 있었으나 (r=0.32, P=0.02; r=-0.38, P<0.01), 알레르기성 비염군에서는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다(r=0.42, P=0.09; r=-0.06, P=0.83). 결 론 : 호기 NO 농도는 천식환자에서 아토피에 의한 병태생리와 연관성이 있으며 기도과민성과 유의한 상관관계가 있다. 그러나 알레르기성 비염에서는 기도과민성 이외의 다른 인자가 호기 NO 농도와 관련성을 가질 것으로 추정되며 향후 이에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제71권4호
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• pp.278-281
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• 2011

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a complex clinical entity resulting from an allergic immune response to Aspergillus species, and most often occurs in patients with asthma. ABPA is rarely observed in the absence of asthma, which is, in fact, the principal criterion for its diagnosis. Our patient was a 53-year-old woman with no history of bronchial asthma. She presented with a 1-month history of cough, mucopurulent nasal discharge, and localized pulmonary consolidation. Peripheral blood eosinophilia and elevated serum IgE were observed. Sinus radiography showed right maxillary sinusitis. Pathologic examination of bronchoscopic biopsy specimens revealed conglomerates of fungal hyphae. Pulmonary function and bronchial provocation tests were within normal ranges. The patient was successfully treated for 3 months with itraconazole and oral prednisolone. There has been no evidence of recurrence over a 7-month follow-up. ABPA coupled with sinusitis in a nonasthmatic patient is a very rare occurrence and warrants reporting.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.831-839
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• 2002

Allergy has a born predominant cause of atopy in body and react oversenstively several meterial. The cause of allergy are tick, house dust, egg, milk, bean, cosmetics, virus, bacteria, flesh and meat in Western medicine. While, Oriental medicine did not have an application on the allergy, but recognized that allergy is connected with fetal toxicosis, heat-syndrome in new born, syndrome characterized by dyspnea, sneezing, stuffy nose, nasal discharge and phlegm. Therefor, We knowed method of medical treatment following cause of disease and pathogenesis against allergy. Allergic disease(atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, rhinitis) were related with lung, spleen, kidney. To prevent allergic disease in born, Oriental medicine taked a serious view of fetal education. In Western medicine, The cause of allergy applied to exopathogen of Oriental medicine. In Oriental medicine, Treatment of allergy used generally strengthening the body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.518-526
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• 2008

Recently a major goal in asthma therapy is to reduce or prevent the inflammatory response of airway. Eosinophilic accumulation in the tissue is a prominent feature of allergic diseases including asthma. Production of chemokines by bronchial epithelial cells may contribute to the allergic inflammation by recruiting eosinophils. In this study we evaluated the inhibitory effect of Gamichungsangbohatang (GMCSBHT), used traditionally in treating asthma, on secretion of chemokines for eosinophils in human A549 epithelial cells. Chemokines such as eotaxin, RANTES, IL-8 were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, but IL-16 showed no inhibition by GMCSBHT. These findings indicate that GMCSBHT might be a therapeutic value in treating asthma by suppression of chemokines secretion associated with local accumulation of eosinophils.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.239-247
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• 1992

1) 천식의 초기 발병 호발 연령은 5세 미만이었고 남아에서 여아보다 2.9배가 더 많았다. 2) 천식의 계절별 발생 빈도는 가을철에 많았고 특히 9월에 가장 많이 발생하였다. 3) 과거력상 다른 알레르기성 질환을 경험한 경우는 환아의 22.4%였고, 영유아시 모세기관지염을 앓은 환아는 12.7%였다. 4) RAST 검사중 가장 많은 양성을 보인 것은 진드기와 집먼지 순이었다. 5) 천식 환아에서 호산구 증다증을 보인 경우는 29.1%였고, 혈청 IgE 치가 200 $IU/m{\ell}$ 이상으로 증가된 경우는 63.2%였다. 6) 천식 환아에서 남녀간의 구분에 따른 혈청 IgE 치의 차이나 다른 알레르기성 질환의 동반 유무에 따른 혈청 IgE 치의 차이는 없었다. 7) 천식 환아에서 연령별로 조사한 혈청 IgE 치는 학동기 연령군($1139.9{\pm}470.2IU/m{\ell}$)이 학동기 전 연령군($361.6{\pm}470.2IU/m{\ell}$)에 비해 높은 수치를 보였다(p<0.01).