• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.206-215
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• 2022

Background: Fragrance substances in consumer products can cause adverse health effects such as contact allergy. In South Korea, consumer chemical products must list 26 known fragrance allergens on product labels when they contain more than 0.01%. Fragrance substances are mostly used in combination, so co-exposure can occur via use of a consumer chemical product. Co-exposure to fragrance allergens may show a synergistic effect on the human body. Objectives: The aims of the study were to analyze the characteristics of fragrance allergens in consumer chemical products available on public websites and to identify the co-occurrence patterns of fragrance allergens. Methods: The chemicals in 1,443 ingredient disclosures for consumer chemical products were collected through the Ecolife database. The 26 labelled fragrance allergens were identified by category of consumer chemical product. The co-occurrence patterns of the 26 labelled fragrance allergens were analyzed by frequent pattern mining. The unlabelled fragrance allergens presented by European Union Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety were also identified. Results: Consumer chemical products contained an average of 5.3±4.2 substances among the 26 labelled fragrance allergens. More than 85% of air fresheners, deodorizing agents, and fabric softeners contained at least one of the 26 labelled fragrance allergens. The most frequently contained fragrance allergens were limonene (50.5%), linalool (49.9%), hexyl cinnamal (34.0%), and citronellol (28.3%). 16.7% of consumer chemical products showed a co-occurrence of limonene, linalool, hexyl cinnamal, and citronellol. Thirty-eight unlabelled fragrance allergens were found in the consumer chemical products, with hexamethylindanopyran (25.2%) being the most frequently contained substance. Conclusions: The characteristics and co-occurrence patterns of 26 labelled fragrance allergens would be useful information for the management of co-exposure to fragrance allergens in consumer chemical products. It is necessary for attention to be paid to unlabelled fragrance allergens.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.315-329
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the distribution, frequency, sensitization rate, and types of specific allergen in allergic patients. We analyzed allergens of 12,882 allergic patient's serum referred for Medical Laboratory using MAST Allergy Screen Test (Inhalation/food panel) from April, 2010 to March, 2011. Allergen reactivity were not detected in 833/12,882 (6.5%) allergic patients and the other allergic patients had two or more types of allergens of food and inhalant, respectively. In the distribution of the allergen food 73.4% (9,450/12,882 patients) was much higher than the pollen 26.6% (3,432/12,882 patients). The sensitization rate to each allergen showed garlic 26.7%, egg white 21.5% of food allergens, mugwort 24.9%, ragweed short 19.6% of pollen allergens, Candida albicans 10.5%, Alternaria spp. 7.9% of fungus allergens, and showed high sensitized rate to Dermatophagoides farinae 90.2%, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 77.8%, house dust 57% of indoor allergens, respectively. The specific allergens of food allergen, fungus allergen, and indoor allergen were more frequent in young child than adult, but pollen allergens were frequent in adult than young child. In seasonal distribution, the food allergen were frequent in summer and autumn, the pollen allergen in autumn, fungus allergen in spring and in winter, and indoor allergen in autumn and in winter. In conclusion, the mite of Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and house dust showed the highest sensitization rate in specific allergen of allergic patients. The allergens showed difference feature according to the age, region, and types of allergen.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.136-139
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• 2005

집먼지진드기에 의한 호흡기 알레르기 질환의 예방 및 치료를 위해 고려할 수 있는 가장 효율적인 방법 가운데 하나는, 항원이 통과할 수 없는 특수 재질의 커버로 직접 침구류를 씌우는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 특수 커버 사용 후 먼지 양의 감소와 집먼지진드기 allergen 노출에의 감소 정도를 측정하여 특수 커버의 효과를 검증하였다. 본 연구 결과 우리나라의 일반적인 생활환경에서는 특수 커버의 사용이 집먼지진드기 allergen에 대한 노출을 완전히 막아 주지는 못하였다. 그러나 노출되는 양은 감소시킬 수 있었으며 먼지 양이 감소하는 효과도 있었다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1996

This study was conducted to provide basic knowledges of effective environmental control of patients with allergic rhinitis. From July to October 1995, 58 dust samples Were drawn from the bedrooms of patients with allergic rhinitis who were registerd at an allergy clinic of a hospital. Those samples were examined for the amount of house mite allergens & dusts. The data were analysed by using ANOVA and Pearson correiation coefficients. The results were as follows : 1. As for the amount of house mite allergens in terms of environmental factors, the amount of house mite allergens of using washing water temperature of bedding above than $55^{\circ}C$ was significantly lower than that of below $54^{\circ}C$. Other environmental factors such as type of house, area of bed room floor, bed in bedroom, bedroom cleaning by vacuum cleaner, days after bedding washing, relative humidity of bedroom were relate to the amount of house mite allergens. 2. As for the amount of dusts in terms of environmental factors, the amount of dusts of days of days after bedding washing more than 15 days was significantly lower than thant of less than 15days. Other environmental factors such as type of house, area of bedroom floor, bed in bedroom, bedroom cleaning by vacuum cleaner, was hing water taemperature of bedding, relative humidity of bedroom were not relate to the amount of dusts. 3. There was a significant positive correlation between the amount of house mite allergens and the amount of dusts. It may be conclusively said. the amount of dusts and house mite allergens were closely associated with the washing temperature and days after washing of bedding. Hence. intensive instruction for the methods of bedding washing was needs of the patients with allergic rhinitis.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2021

Intradermal skin test (IDST) is generally considered a useful tool in identifying causal allergens in canine atopic dermatitis. Currently, multiple allergen simultaneous test (MAST), an in vitro testing method for allergen-specific immunoglobulin E, is being used as an alternative method. However, there are no reports comparing the IDST and MAST results in the same dogs. This study compared the results of both tests to evaluate the agreement and correlation between them. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the MAST were 76.2%, 64%, and 66.7%, respectively. Moderate positive predicted value (PPV, 50-75%) or high sensitivity (80-100%) were identified for indoor allergens, such as cat epithelia, house dust, and house dust mites. In contrast, high negative predicted value (NPV, 93.3-100%) and specificity (60-100%) were observed for environmental allergens and fungi. Although the agreement between IDST and MAST for all allergens was fair (κ = 0.301), that for each allergen was poor (κ < 0.01), except for birch (κ = 0.158). Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed a low correlation between the MAST and IDST results (ρ = 0.308, p = 0.001). As compared to the IDST results, the MAST results did not identify the causative allergens sufficiently. IDST may not be performed for environmental allergens and fungi with high NPV and specificity if the MAST result is negative, but it may have to be performed for indoor allergens with moderate PPV and high sensitivity when the MAST result is positive.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권12호
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• pp.505-513
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• 2013

Because the prevalence of allergic diseases has significantly increased in recent years, understanding the causes and mechanisms of these disorders is of high importance, and intense investigations are ongoing. Current knowledge pinpoints immune tolerance mechanisms as indispensable for healthy immune response to allergens in daily life. It is evident that development and maintenance of allergen-specific T cell tolerance is of vital importance for a healthy immune response to allergens. Such tolerance can be gained spontaneously by dose-dependent exposures to allergens in nature or by allergen-specific immunotherapy. Allergen-specific immunotherapy induces regulatory T cells with the capacity to secrete interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-${\beta}$, limits activation of effector cells of allergic inflammation (such as mast cells and basophils), and switches antibody isotype from IgE to the noninflammatory type IgG4. Although allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only method of tolerance induction in allergic individuals, several factors, such as long duration of treatment, compliance problems, and life-threatening side effects, have limited widespread applicability of this immunomodulatory treatment. To overcome these limitations, current research focuses on the introduction of allergens in more efficient and safer ways. Defining the endotypes and phenotypes of allergic diseases might provide the ability to select ideal patients, and novel biomarkers might ensure new custom-tailored therapy modalities.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.283-294
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• 2018

Food allergy is a chronic disease that is increasing all over the world, and it can even lead to a loss of life. To prevent any incidents resulting from food allergies, most countries keep strengthening their food allergen labeling requirements domestically and internationally, with a constant monitoring system against undeclared allergens and recall of offending products. In order to avoid economic losses to industry and damages to international relations from undeclared allergens, it is necessary to confirm each country's regulatory policy on food allergen labeling prior to exportation. Another required action is to try for a reduction of the cross-contamination risk of the allergens during manufacturing and storage, which should be verified by using an accurate and reliable analysis of food allergens. This paper is intended to provide an introduction to the regulation of food allergen labeling by country, allergen management methods to avoid cross-contamination, and allergen detection methods using ELISA, PCR, and LC/MS. Changes of allergenicity during thermal or nonthermal processing also will be investigated in our review. This review will be helpful for the food industry to better understand patients suffering from food allergies and to manage food allergens in food manufacturing.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.132.3-133
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of manufacturing process for food on allergenicity of soybean or soybean products. Crude extracts of each soybean (SB), weaning diet A (WA) and B (WB) or soybean paste C (SC) and D (SD) were digested a simulated gastric fluid (SGF) to characterize the physicochemical stability of allergens. Allergens of each smaple except a SB (82, 39, 35 kDa) were not rapidly digested in SGF. The endogenous allergens in each sample were separated by gel electrophoresis and immunobloted with serum from soybean-sensitive patients of normal subjects. (omitted)

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2012

Food allergy is an important public health problem affecting 5% of infants and children in Korea. Food allergy is defined as an immune response triggered by food proteins. Food allergy is highly associated with atopic dermatitis and is one of the most common triggers of potentially fatal anaphylaxis in the community. Sensitization to food allergens can occur in the gastrointestinal tract (class 1 food allergy) or as a consequence of cross reactivity to structurally homologous inhalant allergens (class 2 food allergy). Allergenicity of food is largely determined by structural aspects, including cross-reactivity and reduced or enhanced allergenicity with cooking that convey allergenic characteristics to food. Management of food allergy currently focuses on dietary avoidance of the offending foods, prompt recognition and treatment of allergic reactions, and nutritional support. This review includes definitions and examines the prevalence and management of food allergies and the characteristics of food allergens.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2003

Infantile atopic dermatitis(AD) may be developed by food allergens due to immature intestinal epithelium and its mechanism, which may have no clear-cut evidence, is thought to be IgE mediated immediate and late phase hypersensitivity. It is not easy to diagnose AD caused by food allergens exactly so it is likely to be underestimated more than it be. But we must consider it as a major factor of not only infantile AD but childhood and adult AD. We can see similar theory at previous Oriental medicine. Allergens can be transmitted to a fetus through the placenta and infantile AD is inflammatory condition by food allergens and immature function of intestines. So we must consider those factors at infantile AD treatment. We expect a new model of infantile AD treatment combining the conventional therapy with the diet therapy based on the Oriental medical theory.