• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.95-108
• /
• 1987

Effects of allopurinol (2mM), a specific inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, on the growth and metabolism of llantoin in dark grown Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) seedlings were investigated. Allopurinol treatment maintained the fresh and dry weights of cotyledons at higher levels, but inhibited the elongation of hypocotyls and roots of the seedlings. Total nitrogen content in the cotyledons decreased at slower rate by allopurinol. Accordingly, the levels of total nitrogen contents in the hypocotyls and roots, were depressed by the inhibitor. In the cotyledons, allopurinol began to elevate RNA levels after day 3, which it did not affect DNA level throughout the experiment. Activities of xanthine oxidase (XO:EC 1.2.3.2), uricase (UO:EC 1.7.3.3) and allantoinase (AL:EC 3.5.2.5) in the cotyledons were examined. The activity of XO was not detected, but the accumulation of xanthine by allopurinol treatment presented an indirect evidence of the existence of XO in the organ. Allopurinol kept UO activity high up to day 2 after sowing and depressed AL activity throughout the experiment. By allopurinol treatment, allantoin content was kept high over the control both in cotyledons and roots, but it was kept low in hypocotyls. The level of allantoic acid in the 3 organs were shown to be depressed by allopurinol. These results suggest that allantoin and allantoic acid produced by the degradation of stored and newly synthesized RNA are transported from the storage tissue to hypocotyls and roots as important nitrogen sources for the development of Chinese cabbage seedlings.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.245-252
• /
• 1989

This experiment was carried out to study the effects of nitrogen concentration of cultural solution, rhizobium inoculation, and planting density on nodulation, contents of total-N and allantoin-N of the plants, and contents of crude fat and protein of the seeds with 4 cultivars and 1 non-nodulation isogenic line (Hwangeumkong, Jangbaegkong, Paldalkong, Clark, non-nodulating Clark) in nutri-culture. Modulation was increased significantly by the rhizobium inoculation and decreased by the increase of nitrogen concentration of the cultural solution and planting density, and more nodule per plant was observed in Hwangeumkong than other cultivars. Total nitrogen contents of the soybean plant were higher in Hwangeumkong and Janbaegkong compared with other two cultivars, and were increased by rhizobium inoculation and the increase of nitrogen concentration of the cultural solution except in case of $R_3$ stage of non-inoculation of rhizobium, and was decreased by the increase of planting density. Allantoin nitrogen contents of stem were lower in Paldalkong compared with other cultivars and was increased significantly by the rhizobium inoculation, and thus was correlated significantly with nodulation. Allantoin-N contents were also decreased by the increase of planting density and nitrogen concentration of the solution, and was very low in case of non-nodulating isogenic line at any level of nitrogen concentration. The contents of crude fat of the seed were lower in cases of higher nitrogen concentration of the solution and more plants per pot, but no effects of rhizobium inoculation was observed. The contents of crude protein were tend to increase by the increase of nitrogen concentration, but were little effected by rhizobium inoculation and planting density.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2005.04a
• /
• pp.2-6
• /
• 2005

질병의 예방, 노화억제, 돌연변이 억제 등 다양한 생리활성을 나타내는 안토시아닌 색소 C3G가 다량 함유되어 있는 흑자색 유색미의 성분연구를 수행한 결과 9가지의 천연화합물을 분리하였으며, 그 중 항산화 기능이 매우 뛰어난 페놀성 화합물 oryzafuran을 최초로 분리 그 구조를 확인하였다. 또한 allantoin과 같은 알칼로이드도 쌀에서는 처음으로 분리하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 흑자색 유색미는 식용이상의 역할을 수행할 것으로 판단된다. 아울러 이러한 성분의 정량분석 방법과 합성과 관련된 메커니즘, 성분의 약리적 기능, 유전자원 평가 등 산업화를 위한 체계적인 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이며, 더 나아가 고C3G, 저단백, 저알레그렌, 고불포화지방산 등과 같은 다기능성 유색미 품종을 육성 보급함으로써 국민보건 및 농가소득에 크게 기여할 것으로 판단된다. 특히 이와 같은 성분이 주로 분포하는 미강은 도정과정을 통해 대부분 제거되기 때문에 회수하기가 용이하고, 따라서 부산물로 발생하는 흰쌀을 식품가공분야에서 이용할 수 있어 산업적으로 가치가 매우 높다고 판단된다.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.286-289
• /
• 2013

Phytochemical constituents were isolated from bitter melon (the fruits of Momordica charantia) through open column chromatography. Their structures were identified as ${\beta}$-sitosterol (1), (23E)-$5{\beta}$,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-$3{\beta}$,25-diol (2), daucosterol (3), uracil (4), and allantoin (5) by interpretation of spectroscopic analysis including MS and $^1H$- & $^{13}C$-NMR. Among them, allantoin (5) was isolated from this plant for the first time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 1986.06a
• /
• pp.64-65
• /
• 1986

• The Microorganisms and Industry
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.12-16
• /
• 1988

Allantoin 분해 유전자들중 highly inducible 한 DAL7, DUR1,2및 constitutive한 DAL5 gene의 promoter를 deletion 방법에 의해 발현에 필요한 최소 DNA seqyence 부위를 정한후 이 DNA seqyence를 다시 oligonucleotide 합성방법에 의해 합성하여 Cyc 1-LacZ expression vector에 삽입하여 효모내에서 LacZ의 발현이 삽입한 DNA sequence에 의해 영향을 받는 정도를 측정하여 (.betha.-galactosidase activity) deletion 방법에 의해 결정한 이 DNA dequence들이 직접 발현유도에 관여하는가를 조사하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.32 no.12
• /
• pp.1527-1536
• /
• 2022

Escherichia coli can use allantoin as its sole nitrogen source under anaerobic conditions. The ureidoglycolate produced by double release of ammonia from allantoin can flow into either the glyoxylate shunt or further catabolic transcarbamoylation. Although the former pathway is well studied, the genes of the latter (catabolic) pathway are not known. In the catabolic pathway, ureidoglycolate is finally converted to carbamoyl phosphate (CP) and oxamate, and then CP is dephosphorylated to carbamate by a catabolic carbamate kinase (CK), whereby ATP is formed. We identified the ybcF gene in a gene cluster containing fdrA-ylbE-ylbF-ybcF that is located downstream of the allDCE-operon. Reverse transcription PCR of total mRNA confirmed that the genes fdrA, ylbE, ylbF, and ybcF are co-transcribed. Deletion of ybcF caused only a slight increase in metabolic flow into the glyoxylate pathway, probably because CP was used to de novo synthesize pyrimidine and arginine. The activity of the catabolic CK was analyzed using purified YbcF protein. The V_max is 1.82 U/mg YbcF for CP and 1.94 U/mg YbcF for ADP, and the K_M value is 0.47 mM for CP and 0.43 mM for ADP. With these results, it was experimentally revealed that the ybcF gene of E. coli encodes catabolic CK, which completes anaerobic allantoin degradation through substrate-level phosphorylation. Therefore, we suggest renaming the ybcF gene as allK.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.59 no.2
• /
• pp.144-150
• /
• 2014

Yams (Dioscorea spp), which are edible or medicinal tuber crops, are a important crop in South Korea. Yams require a high level of soil fertility. The various cultural practices such as fertilizing and plowing were tested for marketable tuber production in Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita). Tuber yield was also affected by organic matters in soil. Application higher level of organic matters result in increased each tuber weight and tuber yield per unit area. The nutrient absorption quantity of the plant such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, calcium and potassium was increased from 100~120 days after planting, which time to begin tuber enlargement. The tuber yield was increased when the fertilization increased in quantity. Total yield and marketable ratio were the highest in 31~32 kg/10a of nitrogen fertilizer. From above result, income become larger with increase of marketable yield and quality improvement at 63% (27 kg/10a) level of conventional N fertilization (43 kg/10a). The tuber yield was not significantly different between with in various application level of potash fertilizer. Tuber size and weight decreased accordingly to decreased fertilizing level, so the rates of small tubers increased greatly at cultivation without chemical fertilizer. In considering the accumulation rates of allantoin in Chinese yam tubers, the apt harvest season was after October. The allantoin quantity of it was not influenced with nitrogen fertilizing. Moreover it was advantageous with decrease of chemical fertilizer and appropriate fertilizing in soil environment protection. Commercial tuber's number and yield were increased in trenching before planting with trencher compared with rotavating with tractor.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.159-160
• /
• 2007

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2012

This study was performed to determine by the ability of the mixed culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus to ferment Dioscorea opposita Thunb. (yam) and to evaluate the nutraceutical value of fermented yam. The titratable acidity (TA) value increased from 2 to 6% with increased concentrations in both raw yam and extracted lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermented yam (LFY). The viable cell counts and the allantoin and diosgenin contents were higher in raw LFY at large concentrations (6%) than in extracted LFY samples at all fermentation periods up to 32 h. Based on these data, it confirmed that raw yam fermented by the combination culture of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus for various fermentation periods favors the symbiotic growth of LAB and results in higher nutraceutical content.