• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.289-292
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• 2004

In order to identify the origin and nature of the spilled oil in the potential source, we analyzed the pattern of alkyi PAM(Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in fuel standard and environmental samples. Alkyl PAM patterns are used for fuel-type identification in weathered environmental samples. Detection of alkyl PAH was achieved by operation CC/MS in the SIM mode. We chose ions of naphthalene(m/z 128), C1-naphthalene(m/z 142), C2-naphthalene(m/z 156), C3-naphthalene(m/z 170), C4-naphthalene(m/z 184) for the comparison of this pattern according to the type of fuel. We analyzed tile pattern of alkyl PAH in neat gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and JP-8, and in groundwater samples which were collected in monitoring wells. The distribution map of alkyl-naphthalene shows different patterns among four different fuel types (gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and JP-8). Particularly, tile distribution map of kerosene and JP-8 is found to be of value in identifying fuel type in that the difference is clear. Therefore distribution patterns of alkyl-PAH compounds provide another useful tool for fuel-type identification of petroleum fuels.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.155-163
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• 1993

Inclusion complexation of 1,7,21,27-tetraaza[7.1.7.1]paracyclophane (CPM 55) with 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene (2,7-DHN) or 1,3-dihydroxynaphthalene (1,3-DHN) in pD 1.17 $DCl-D_2O$ solution was investigated by $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) using 4,4'-dimethylaminodiphenylmethane (ACM 11) as an acyclic analog of CPM 55. In CPM 55-naphthalene derivative complex, alkyl protons located in the cavity of CPM 55 were shown to be subjected to anisotropic shielding and protons of naphthalene moiety shifted remarkably to upfield. However, in ACM 11-naphthalene derivative systems, chemical shifts for protons of both DHN compounds were not significant. The remarkable chemical shift changes suggested that the naphthalene moiety of 2,7-DHN or 1,3-DHN was included in the hydrophobic cavity of CPM 55 in aqueous solution. From the continuous variation plots of induced chemical shifts of 2,7-DHN, it was found that 2,7-DHN was included in the cavity of CPM 55 at 1:1 molar stoichiometry. Both computer simulation of a inclusion complex and strong upfield chemical shift changes of 2,7-DHN protons supported the conformation of pseudoaxial inclusion as the presumed geometry of the host-guest complex.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 1986

Four amphoteric surfactants, 1-(N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonio)-4-naphthalene sulfonates, were prepared by the alkylation of 1-(N,N-dimethylamino)-4,naphthalene sulfonic acid with chloroalkanes such as 1-decylchloride, 1-tetradecyl chloride and 1-hexadecyl chloride. These quaternary ammonium compounds such as 1-(N-decyl-N, N-dimethylammonio)-4-naphthalene sulfonate, 1-(N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)-4-naphthalene sulfonate, 1-(N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)-4-naphthalene sulfonate and 1-(N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)-4-naphthalene sulfonate could be separated by means of thin layes chromatography and column chromatography. The surface chemical properties such as surface tension, foaming power, foam stability, wetting efficiency and solubilizing effect for these four compounds were measured. Also critical micelle concentration and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance(HLB) were evaluated. These compounds showed good surface as O/W type emulsifying agent and detergent.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.132.2-132
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• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2000

A new synthetic method of 6-(1-oxyalkyl)-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinones was developed, 2-formyl-1,4,5,8-tetramethoxynaphthalene was oxidized to form 6-formyl-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone(DMNQ). This was selectively reduced and benzylated to produce 6-formyl-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-dibenzyloxynaphthalene, to which various alkylmagnesium halide were added, followed by debenzylation and oxidation in sequence, yielding 6-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-DMNQ derivatives. 6-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-5,8-diethoxy-1,4-naphthalene (DENQ) derivatives were synthesized by similar procedure. 1'-OH of the naphthoquinone derivatives was acylated with various alkanoic acids to give 6-(1-acyloxyalkyl)-DMNQ or DENQ derivatives. TOPO-I inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity of DENQs were less potent than that of DMNQs. Among the DMNQ and DENQ analogues, the ones with alkyl group being heptyl were most potent in TOPO-I inhibition $IC_{50}$/; 30.1, 36.4 $\mu$M). DUNQ derivatives with a longer side chain exhibited a weaker cytotoxicity. A correlation between size of the alkyl side chain and cytotoxicity was not observed for DENQ derivatives. Acylation of 1'-hydroxyl group, in general, decreased both TOPO-I inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity T/C (%) values of the DENQ derivatives on S-180 intraperitoneal tumor were larger than those of DMNQ derivatives. Among the compounds synthesized,6-(1-hydroxyheptyl)-DENQ and 6-(1-hex-anoyloxyoctyl)-DMNQ showed the highest T/C values of 183% and 182%, respectively.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.636-641
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• 2006

Our previous studies indicated that native carbonic anhydrase does not interact with hydrophobic adsorbents and that it acquires this ability upon denaturation. In the present study, an apo form of the enzyme was prepared by removal of zinc and a comparative study was performed on some characteristic features of the apo and native forms by far- and near-UV circular dichroism (CD), intrinsic fluorescent spectroscopy, 1-anilino naphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) binding, fluorescence quenching by acrylamide, and Tm measurement. Results indicate that protein flexibility is enhanced and the hydrophobic sites become more exposed upon conversion to the apo form. Accordingly, the apo structure showed a greater affinity for interaction with hydrophobic adsorbents as compared with the native structure. As observed for the native enzyme, heat denaturation of the apo form promoted interaction with alkyl residues present on the adsorbents and, by cooling followed by addition of zinc, catalytically-active immobilized preparations were obtained.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.499-508
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• 2006

Atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured at the Chonbuk National University located in Jeonju, four times between June and November 2002, each time for five days. Twenty-four compounds including five alkyl PAHs and byphenyl were analyzed. Average total concentration of 24 PAHs was 85 $\pm$ 15 ng/$m^3$ and about 94% of PAHs existed in the gas phase. On an average, naphthalene accounted for about 30% of the total PAHs concentration. The gas/particle partitioning was not much varied during the measurement period. High molecular weight PAHs with five and six rings were primarily associated with fine particles less than 1 $\mu$m. Lower molecular weight PAHs were evenly distributed in fine and coarse particles so that their distribution was similar to that of TSP.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.157-163
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• 2001

Mycolic acid-containing gram-positive bacteria, so called nocardioform actinomycetes, have become a great interest to environmental microbiologists due to their metabolic versatility, multidegradative capacity and potential for bioremediation of priority pollutants. For example, Rhodococcus rhodochrous N75 was able to metabolize 4-methy1catechol via a modified $\beta$-ketoadipate pathway whereby 4-methylmuconolactone methyl isomerase catalyzes the conversion of 4-methylmuconolactone to 3-methylmuconolactone in order to circumvent the accumulation of the 'dead-end' metabolite, 4-methylmuconolactone. R. rhodochrous N75 has also shown the ability to transform a range of alkyl-substituted catechols to the corresponding muconolactones. A novel 3-methylmuconolactone-CoAsynthetase was found to be involved in the degradation of 3-methylmuconolactone, which is not mediated in a manner analogous to the classical $\beta$-ketoadipate pathway but activated by the addition of CoA prior to hydrolysis of lactone ring, suggesting that the degradative pathway for methylaromatic compounds by gram-positive bacteria diverges from that of proteobacteria. Mycobacterium sp. Strain PYR-l isolated from oil-contaminated soil was capable of mineralizing various polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, fluoranthrene, 1-nitropyrene, and 6-nitrochrysene. The pathways for degradation of PAHs by this organism have been elucidated through the isolation and characterization of chemical intermediates. 2-D gel electrophoresis of PAH-induced proteins enabled the cloning of the dioxygenase system containing a dehydrogenase, the dioxygenase small ($\beta$)-subunit, and the dioxygenase large ($\alpha$)-subunit. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the large a subunit did not cluster with most of the known sequences except for three newly described a subunits of dioxygenases from Rhodococcus spp. and Nocardioides spp. 2-D gel analysis also showed that catalase-peroxidase, which was induced with pyrene, plays a role in the PAH metabolism. The survival and performance of these bacteria raised the possibility that they can be excellent candidates for bioremediation purposes.