• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.267-272
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• 1985

Pyrantal pamoate's anthelmintic activity is due to its action as a neuromuscular blocking agent. It is generally well tolerated. Transient rises in SGOT levels have been reported in the drug-treated patients. Decreased levels of serum alkaline phosphatase post treatment were found in yound dogs. The present study was performed to investigate the possible toxic effects of pyrantal pamoate in pregnant mice progenies. The drug was given in different doses to these mothers in the first, second and third trimester. Serum alkaline phosphatase, SGOT and SGPT of one or two month old offspring were monitored. SGOT levels showed an increase in some doses in one and two month old offspring where alkaline phosphatase showed a decrease in some doses in one and two month old offspring. The latter effect may be due to osteoblastic alkaline phosphatase inhibition. The effect on SGOT levels, however, was difficult to explain, but may be due to a toxic effect on liver cells or cardiac muscles.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.378-386
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• 2009

A sequential optimization strategy, based on statistical experimental designs, is employed to enhance the production of alkaline protease by a Bacillus pseudofirmus local isolate. To screen the bioprocess parameters significantly influencing the alkaline protease activity, a 2-level Plackett-Burman design was applied. Among 15 variables tested, the pH, peptone, and incubation time were selected based on their high positive significant effect on the protease activity. A near-optimum medium formulation was then obtained that increased the protease yield by more than 5-fold. Thereafter, the response surface methodology(RSM) was adopted to acquire the best process conditions among the selected variables, where a 3-level Box-Behnken design was utilized to create a polynomial quadratic model correlating the relationship between the three variables and the protease activity. The optimal combination of the major medium constituents for alkaline protease production, evaluated using the nonlinear optimization algorithm of EXCEL-Solver, was as follows: pH of 9.5, 2% peptone, and incubation time of 60 h. The predicted optimum alkaline protease activity was 3,213 U/ml/min, which was 6.4 times the activity with the basal medium.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2013

Carthamus tinctorius L. and Eucommia umoides Oliver are often used in traditional herbal medicines for reducing damage to the liver, kidney, bone and muscle. In the present study, we investigated cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity in the human osteoblast-like MG-63 cell line with methanol extracts of Carthami Semen (CS) and Eucommiae Cortex (EC) alone or in a mixture (CS+EC). Osteoblast cell viability was evaluated using the MTS assay and alkaline phosphatase activity assays. The cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity significantly increased in MG-63 osteoblast cells treated with the CS+EC mixture. These findings suggest the CS+EC mixture may have beneficial effects on bone health through the proliferation of osteoblast cells.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.861-868
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• 2020

The use of polyphenol extracts from radiata pine (Pinus radiata) bark as raw materials for bio-foams was investigated along with the optimal NaOH extraction conditions. The targeted yield of alkaline extracts was 60%, and the targeted pH was 11 to 12. The radiata pine bark was composed of 70% of a 1% NaOH extract, which contained mainly polyphenols, such as proanthocyanidin (PA). As the particle size of the bark decreased, the yield of the 1% NaOH extracts increased from 57 to 87%. A range of NaOH concentrations, liquor ratios, and extraction times were explored to establish an economic polyphenol extraction method. More than 60% of the alkaline extract was extracted, and the pH of the extract was approximately 12 when the optimum extraction conditions were employed, i.e., a liquor to bark ratio of 5:1, a NaOH dosage of 17 to 18% based on the bark weight, and a 1 h extraction time. Following neutralization of the alkaline extract, structural analysis indicated severe structural changes in the PA during the alkaline extraction. Because the alkaline extract was barely soluble in the solvent used for the structural analyses, it is assumed that chemical modification is required to increase the solubility of the alkaline extract for the production of bio-foams.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 1995

The alkaline protease of Xanthomonas sp. YL-37 has been purified, and the properties of the enzyme investigated. The alkaline protease of Xanthomonas sp. YL-37 was purified form crude enzyme by ammonium sulfate fractionation, CM-cellulose ion exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. Through the series of chromatographies, the enzyme was purified to homogenecity with specific activity of 4.23 fold higher than that of the crude broth. The molecular weight of the purified protease has been estimated to be 62 KDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimal pH and temperature for alkaline protease activity were 11.0 and 50.deg.C, respectively. The enzyme was stable between pH 5.0 and 10.0 and up to 50.deg.C. Enzyme activity was lost up to 50% on heating at 70.deg.C for 30 minutes. The activity of alkaline protease was inhibited by Cu$\^$2+/, Zn$\^$2+/, Hg$\^$2+/, PMSF, and activated by Mn$\^$2+/ and Ca$\^$2+/. The $K_{m}$ value for casein as a substrate was 4.0 mg/ml.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.162-168
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• 1990

The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of culture conditions on the biosynthesis of extra-cellular alkaline protease in Streptomyces sp. The formation of aerial mycelia and spores were compared with the protease production in order to know the relations between the alkaline protease and the cell differentiation. As results, it was found that substrate concentration was very critical to regulate the formation of the protease, aerial mycelia, and spores, which were resulted from the changes of culture pH to acid. When the culture pH was adjusted with phosphate buffer from pH 6 to pH 9, the alkaline protease production was increased as the culture pH increased whereas aerial mycelia and spore formation were reversely related to the culture pH. Therefore, it was thought that the culture pH was an important factor to regulate the alkaline protease synthesis.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.4 s.83
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• pp.41-47
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• 2005

Costume heritages of an excavated silk fabrics should be preserved without damage. In order to artificially restore the excavated silk fabrics, alkaline aqueous solution, as a simulated corpse, and two kinds of silk fabrics were used. Two kinds of silk fabrics were treated by aqueous alkaline solution according to strength retention value(100, 80, 60, 40, 20$\%$). The fine structure and physical properties of alkaline treated silk fabrics were investigated with various techniques such as wide-angle X-ray diffraction, tensile test, weight loss, shrinkage, SEM. and yellowness. As the alkaline treatment time increased tensile strength of silk fabrics decreased. However, weight loss and shrinkage slightly increased. The diffraction intensity of $\beta-form$ crystal declined and $\alpha-form$ crystal diffraction intensity disappeared with the treatment.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.249-257
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• 2019

Baker's yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was used as a biocatalyst for eco-friendly indigo dyeing and the reducing power of yeast according to the alkaline solution type was compared. NaOH solution, lye, and buffer solution were used as alkaline solutions. The reducing power(K/S value, oxidation/reduction potential(ORP), pH) was monitored according to the elapsed time including the initiation of reduction, peak reduction, and the end of reduction. In all alkaline solutions, it was confirmed that yeast can be used reducing agent in indigo reduction dyeing. The pH stability and reducing power of buffer solution was better than that of NaOH alone. Although, pH and ORP stability of the reduction bath in lye were better than that of buffer solution, K/S value in buffer solution was higher compared to lye. The reducing power was different depending on the starting pH of the dye bath, and it was better when starting at pH 10.70 than at pH 11.30. Fastnesses to washing, rubbing, and light were relatively good with above rating 4. There was no significant difference in colorfastness depending on the type of alkaline solutions.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 1993

We have examined the utility of alkaline ionic water for processing water In order to compare with piped tap water in cooking rice, making kimchi, making bean curd, raising bean sprouts and parboiling spinach. And we have estimated the quality of them. The result of the examination was as follow. A rice cooked with alkaline ionic water had pale yellow color, and had good quality in polish, viscocity, taste, odour and retrogradation as compared with a rice cooked of piped tap water. In the case of a water kimchi, refreshing taste and other kinds of taste were good. Unpleasant taste and smell have decreased. Fresh colour of a Chinese cabbage were maintained long because of the prevention of destruction of chlorophyll. In the case of bean sprouts, sprouting rate was promoted up to 2∼3% during the period of 2∼3 days as compared with that treated with piped tap water And the growth state was good and the contents of vitamin C were high as compared with those with piped tap water. In the case of parboiling of green spinach, the alkaline ionic water helped keeping the chlorophyll of spinach. In the case of bean curd, soft taste, polish, smell and total taste were good. The Utility value of alkaline ionic water for the processing of soft bean curd was recognized by making it soften.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.126-131
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• 2009

The interaction between wear and corrosion can significantly increase total material losses in water chemistry environment. The corrosive wear tests of a PWR steam generator tube material (Alloy 690) against the anti vibration bar material (409 SS) were performed at room temperature. The tests were performed in alkaline water chemistry conditions. NaOH solution was selected for test condition to investigate the corrosive wear effect of steam generator tube material in alkaline pH condition without other factors. The flow induced vibration can caused tube damage and the corrosion can be occurred by water chemistry. The test results showed that, in the alkaline solution at pH 13.9, the corrosion current density was increased about ten times than that in the distilled water. And wear rate at pH 13.9 was increased about ten times from that at neutral condition. However, the wear rate was decreased with time. The decrease would be attributed to the change in roughness of specimen or sub-layer of the worn surface with time. From microstructure observation, severe abrasive shape and several wear debris were found. From those results, it could infer that the oxide film on Alloy 690 changed to easily breakable one in the alkaline water, and then abrasion with corrosion became the main wear mechanism.