• ALGAE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.269-276
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• 2008

We have conducted the study of distribution and inhabitation of the aerial algae from five stone cultural properties located in Gyeonggi-do. A total of 21 taxa were identified, among which 8 taxa of cyanophytes, 12 taxa of cholorophytes and one diatom species. Protococcus viridis, Ulothrix zonata, Synechocystis aquatilis and Chroococcus varius occurred in 15, 9, 8 and 7 study sites, respectively. These coccoid types appeared more frequently than filamentous types. In this study, Chlorococcum infusionum, Cylindrocystis gracilis, Klebsormidium crenulatum, Klebsormidium dissectum and Klebsormidium flaccidium newly recorded from Korea. We found that 80% of stone cultural properties had aerial algae and their 58-84% were grouped into Class 5 based on chlorophyll-a concentration.

• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.217-228
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• 2006

Seasonal compositions, standing crops and trophic status of phytoplankton were investigated at 13 sites of Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do from June, 2004 to March, 2005. Total of 304 taxa were found, and classified as 4 phylums 4 classes 13 orders 36 families 93 genera 246 species 47 varieties 8 forms and 3 unidentified species by Engler’s classification system. Judged by standing crops of phytoplakton, algal blooming was observed at every sampling sites except Pajang reservoir, Hagwanggyo reservoir, Suwon-cheon and Woncheon-cheon throughtout the whole study periods. While Hagwanggyo reservoir appeared to be in mesotrophic or oligomesotrophic status, most of the remaining sampling sites in Suwon-si were in eutrophic status according to trophic status index. In this study, the most abundant taxa revealed in eutrophic status were Anabaena circinalis, Pandorina morum, Scenedesmus acuminatus, and S. quadricauda as previously reported as the most abundant taxa in eutrophic status. But Navicula cryptocephala and Cyclotella stelligera, reported as the abundant taxa of mesotrophic and oligomesotrophic status, respectively, occurred in eutrophic status in this study.

• ALGAE
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2008

The purpose of research was to find aerial algae and to investigate the change of color in each class of photosynthetic pigments in five stone cultural properties of Korea. It turned out to be a total of 29 taxa, including as 26 species, 1 variety and 2 unidentified species. Among them, Haplaosiphon fontinalis and Stigonema turfaceum were found to be newly recorded species of Korea. The average Chl-a concentration from the change of color in the stone cultural properties increased as its class; however, the class 5 showed lower values than the class 4, which was shown in previous studies. From the studies of algal distribution, chlorophytes appeared earlier than cyanophytes in stone cultural properties of algal infestation. Also, 50% or more of the five stone cultural properties already appeared to have bio-pollution.

• ALGAE
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.91-114
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• 2008

Fifty seven taxa of Cyanobacteria and 15 taxa of Chlorophyta were recorded from the exterior of buildings and rock surfaces of monuments in different regions in India. Four cyanobacteria, e.g. Chroococcidiopsis kashayi, Pseudophormidium indicum, Plectonema puteale and Scytonema geitleri, and the green alga Trentepholia abietina var. tenue occur on the sub-aerial habitats throughout the year. In addition, five other green algae: Chlorococcum infusionum, Scenedesmus arcuatus, Trentepholia aurea, Gloeocystis polydermatica and Printzina effusa, and 18 other cyanobacteria taxa of the genera Chroococcus (5), Asterocapsa (1), Cyanosarcina (2), Gloeocapsa (7), Gloeothece (2) and Scytonema (1) occur on the sub-aerial surfaces enduring extreme temperature and desiccation during summer months of the tropics. During the rainy season, the warm and humid climatic regime coupled with availability of moisture supported an additional ten green algae and 29 cyanobacteria in eight and 17 genera, respectively. The green algal genera Klebsormidium, Stichococcus and Trebouxia, which are dominant in temperate regions, did not occur on the sub-aerial habitats in India, however, species of Gloeocapsa, Chroococcus, Chroococcidiopsis, Phormidium, Leptolyngbya, Nostoc, Scytonema, Chlorella and Trentepholia showed global occurrence in similar habitats.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.327-338
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• 2013

A study on Chlorococcal algae was carried out at 21 stations (ponds, swamps, reservoirs, lakes and rivers) from May 2011 to January 2012. The families of Botryococcaceae and Characiaceae of Chlorococcales were investigated to the extent of 8 genera, 20 species. Among them, 10 taxa are newly recorded in algal flora of Korea by Kim and Kim (2012) and this study reviewed about ; 1) Family Botryococcaceae: Dictyosphaerium elegans, D. reniforme, D. simplex, D. elongatum, 2) Family Characiaceae: Characium conicum, Ankyra ancora, A. judayi, A. calcarifera, Schroederia spiralis, S. indica.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.641-647
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• 2013

We installed mesocosms including zooplankton, fishs, artificial marshy land and aquatic macrophytes in Kyoungan stream to study the reduction effects of algae from Sep. 16 to Oct. 28, 2011. The control tendency of phytoplankton taxa was compared by analyzing community structure and dominant species in each mesocosm. Under the condition where Bluegill was absent, Daphnia similoides showed good effect of algal control since it has large food area and has high grazing pressure. Bluegill selectively preys upon large zooplankton, Daphnia similoides, as it also preys on small zooplanktons that flow in. In condition that Bluegill was absent, Daphnia similoides preyed selectively large phytoplankton (Cryptomonas ovata). Due to the shading of light, removal of nutrients and providing refuge for small zooplanktons, aquatic macrophytes and artificial marshy land showed high level of algal control. In corrals with aquatic macrophytes and artificial marshy land, the dominancy of genus Coelastrum and Pediastrum, which are difficult for small zooplanktons to feed on, relatively increased. In conclusion, under conditions of small number of predators such as Bluegill, Daphnia similoides is thought to be useful in algal bloom; however, when lots of predators are present, using small sized zooplanktons along with artificial marshy land and aquatic macrophytes is thought to be more useful than using large zooplanktons.

• ALGAE
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.273-280
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• 2003

The physico-chemical characteristics and seasonal variations of phytoplankton community were investigated in the Paksil and Jungyang marshes. Water and phytoplankton samples for analyses were collected monthly from April 2002 to March 2003. A total of 421 taxa of phytoplankton belonging to eight classes identified. The number of taxa was highest in Bacillariophyceae, followed by Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Dinophyceae, Xanthophyceae and Cryptophyceae. The standing crops ranged from 1.25 ${\times}$ $10^6$ to 5.85 ${\times}$ $10^6$ cells ${\cdot}l^{-1}$ in Paksil marsh and 0.25 to 9.63 ${\times}$ $10^6$ cells ${\cdot}l^{-1}$ in Jungyang marsh. The highest algal density at Paksil marsh was recorded in October during the high development of Chlorococcales while the lowest value occured in July. In the Jungyang marsh, the maximum algal density was recorded in October when Cryptomonas sp. and Mallomonas sp. accounted for 64% to total cell numbers and the lowest cell density was observed in January due to the decrease of Chlorophyceae. The dominant species were represented by Euglena proxima, Trachelomonas oblonga, Trachelomonas volvocina of Euglenophyceae, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum, Monoraphidium griffithii, Oocystis parva of Chlorophyceae, Dinobryon sertularia, Kephyrion rubri-claustri of Chrysophyceae, Achnanthes minutissima of Bacillariophyceae and Cryptomonas sp. of Cryptophyceae in the Paksil and Jungyang marshes. Phytoplankton diversity(H’) and dominance index varied rather irregularly throughout the sampling period but they were significantly correlated. The highest diversity(H’Paksil = 3.68, H’Jungyang = 3.63) coincided with the lowest values of dominance(DPaksil = 0.05, DJungyang = 0.05)

• ALGAE
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2004

This study investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of an epilithic algal community in the Hantan River in November 2001, February, May and August 2002. It was identified a total of an epiphlithic 301 taxa which were composed of 275 species, 16 varieties and 10 unidentified species. The standing crops ranged between 598,600-16,525,200 cells $\cdot$ $cm^2$ and showed the temporal and spatial variations, A higher value was found at the lower station than the upper station in winter, but a higher value was found at the upper station than the lower station in summer due to the effects of typhoons. Chlorophyll concentrations ranged between 13.4-304.2 ${\mu}g$ $\cdot$ $cm^2$. Standing crops and chlorophyll showed similar trends in autumn and winter, but temporal dynamics were not apparent in the overgrowth of Lyngbya, Schizothrix and so others in Cyanophyceae in spring and summer. They were composed of species in Chlorophyceae-Bascillariophyceae-Cyanophyceae and no seasonal effect was detected. Low diversity index values probably indicated the effects of environmental stresses (water temperature, flow and current velocity) other than organic pollution. An assessment of organic pollution using epilithic diatoms (DAIpo) showed $\alpha$-oligosaprobic states at the upper- and mid- stations, and $\alpha$-mesosaprobic states at the lower- stations.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.122-129
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• 2004

Harmful Cochlodinium polykrikoides is a notorious harmful algal bloom (HAB) species that is causing mass mortality of farmed fish along the Korean coast with increasing frequency. We analyzed the sequence of the large subunit (LSD) rDNA D1-D3 region of C. polykrikoides and conducted phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference of phylogeny and the maximum likelihood method. The molecular phylogeny showed that C. polykrikoides had the genetic relationship to Amphidinium and Gymnodinium species supported only by the relatively high posterior probabilities of Bayesian inference. Based on the LSU rDNA sequence data of diverse dinoflagellate taxa, we designed the C. polykrikoides-specific PCR primer set, CPOLY01 and CPOLY02 and developed PCR detection assays for its sensitive, accurate HAB monitoring. CPOLY01 and CPOLY02 specifically amplified C. polykrikoides and did not cross-react with any dinoflagellates tested in this study or environmental water samples. The effective annealing temperature $(T_{p})$ of CPOLY01 and CPOLY02 was $67^{\circ}C$. At this temperature, the conventional and nested PCR assays were sensitive over a wide range of C. polykrikoides cell numbers with detection limits of 0.05 and 0.0001 cells/reaction, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.113-128
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• 2011

The study analyzed the physico-chemical quality of water and the resident phytoplankton community, and evaluated the water trophic status in So-ok stream flowing into Daechung lake from October 2007 to July 2008. Algal blooming by cyanophytes and diatoms continued throughout the year, with Microcystis aeruginosa and Aulacoseira granulata being prevalent. Ten taxa that are indicators of polluted water, including Oscillatoria limosa appeared. Results based on (Trophic status index) TSI and (Lake trophic status index) LTSI evaluations of water quality status indicated mesotrophication.