• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.433-438
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• 2012

Dinoflagellates are considered one of the most abundant and diverse groups of marine microplankton and viruses are recognized as one of the significant factors affecting the plankton dynamics. Here, we report basic characteristics of a new dinoflagellate-infecting virus, Heterocapsa pygmaea DNA virus (HpygDNAV) which infects a toxic dinoflagellate, H. pygmaea. HpygDNAV is a polyhedral large virus (ca. 160-170 nm in diameter) propagating in its host's cytoplasm. Because of the virion size, appearance in thin sections, and propagation characteristics, HpygDNAV is assumed to harbor a large double-stranded DNA genome; i.e., HpygDNAV is most likely a nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLDV) belonging to the family Phycodnaviridae. Its infectivity is strain-specific, rather than species-specific, as is the case for other algal viruses. The burst size and latent period are estimated to be roughly 100-250 infectious units $cell^{-1}$ and < 96 h, respectively.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2000

Penicillium oxalicum(HCLF-34)의 세포외 분비효소로부터 ultrafilration, gel filtration chromatograph와 anion exchange chromatography법을 이용하여 남조세균(Anabaena cylindrica) 분해효소를 분리하였다. 이 효소의 분자량은 약 22 kDa이며, renaturation SDS-PAGE에서 monomer로서 남조세균 분해 활성을 갖는다. 아미노산 서열은 N-말단부터$NH_(2)$-Glu-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Ser-Asn-Ala-Ala-Gly-Ala-Val-Leu-Ile---, 13개의 아미노산을 분석하였으며, 분석된 아미노산의 homology를 조사한 결과 aspergillopepsin II precursor(acid protease A)와 13개의 아미노산 중 11개(84%)의 유사도를 나타내었고, acid proteinase EapC precursor과 13개 중 10개(81%)의 유사도를 나타내었다.

• ALGAE
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2019

Chilean species of marine macroalgae with amphitropical distributions oftentimes result from introductions out of the Northern Hemisphere. This possibility was investigated using haplotype data in an amphitropical red macroalgae present in Chile, Callophyllis variegata. Published sequence records from Canada and the United States were supplemented with new collections from Chile (April 2014-November 2015). Specimens of C. variegata were amplified for the 5′ end of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI-5P) and the full length nuclear internal transcribed spacer region. Haplotype networks and biogeographic distributions were used to infer whether C. variegata was introduced between hemispheres, and several population parameters were estimated using IMa2 analyses. C. variegata displayed a natural amphitropical distribution, with an isolation time of approximately 938 ka between hemispheres. It is hypothesized that contemporary populations of C. variegata were established from a refugial population during the late Pleistocene, and may have crossed the tropics via rafting on buoyant species of kelp or along deep-water refugia coincident with global cooling, representing a rare case of a non-human mediated amphitropical distribution.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.959-966
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• 2004

Twenty-three cultures of harmful algal bloom (HAB)-(causing dinoflagellates were isolated from the coastal waters of Korea. For each of the 14 morphospecies, the nuclearencoded small subunit (SSU) rDNA was analyzed to determine the phylogenetic relatedness of the species. Despite temporal and spatial isolation, 3-4 clonal cultures of Alexandrium catenella, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, and Gymnodinium catenatum had 100% identical SSU rDNA sequences. In contrast, heterogeneities in the SSU rDNA sequences were observed in Akashiwo sanguinea and Lingulodinium polyedrum strains. Extreme sequence polymorphism was shown within the SSU rRNA genes of an Al. tamarense clonal culture. A homology search in GenBank revealed that 11 dinoflagellate species were located in clusters corresponding to their morphological classification. The SSU rDNA sequences of C. polykrikoides, Gyrodinium instriatum, and Pheopolykrikos hartmannii, which were determined for the first time in this study, showed the following phylogenetic relationships: C. polykrikoides formed an independent branch separated from other dinoflagellates; Gyr. instriatum was placed in a monophyletic group with Gyr. dorsum and Gyr. uncatenum; and Ph. hartmanii, which forms a distinct two-celled pseudocolony, belonged to Gymnodinium sensu Hansen and Moestrup.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1980

자원(資源)이 풍부한 적이용해조(赤利用海藻)를 단백질(蛋白質) 자원(資源)으로 이용(利用)하기 위(爲)하여 지충이, 잘피 및 잘피 등(等) 2종(種)의 해조(海藻)와 1종(種)의 해산식물(海産植物)을 선정(選定)하여 이의 수용성(水溶性) 단백질(蛋白質) 추출조건(抽出條件)을 검토(檢討)하였다. 1) 첨가수량(添加水量)은 곰피는 1:150(W/V)의 비(比)로 가(加)했을 때 추출효과(抽出效果)가 좋았고, 잘피와 지충이는 1:100(W/V)일 때가 좋았다. 2) 추출시간(抽出時間)은 총질소(總窒素)의 경우 2시간(時間) 이상(以上)에서, TCA 불용성(不溶性) 단백질(蛋白質)은 1시간(時間) 정도(程度)가 효과적(效果的)이었다. 3) 추출온도(抽出溫度)는 $40-50^{\circ}C$에서 추출성적(抽出成績)이 좋았으며 $70^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 약간 높아지나 TCA 불용성(不溶性) 질소(窒素)는 증가하지 않으므로 고온추출(高溫抽出)은 불리(不利)하였다. 4) pH의 영향(影響)은 전시료(全試料)가 pH 9 이상(以上)에서 높은 추출율(抽出率)을 보였으나 TCA 불용성(不溶性) 질소(窒素)는 pH 7 이상(以上)에서는 증가(增加)하지 않는 관계로 pH $6{\sim}7$에서 추출(抽出)함이 유리(有利)하였다. 5) 순단백질(純蛋白質) 침전(沈澱) 분리(分離)는 pH 조절법(調節法)에 의(依)한 처리(處理)가 질소(窒素) 함량(含量)이 가장 높았다. 6) 추출단백질(抽出蛋白質)을 정제(精製)함으로써 아미노태질소(態窒素)의 함량(含量) 및 총질소(總窒素)에 대(對)한 백분율(百分率)도 높일 수 있는 효과(效果)를 얻을 수 있었다.

• ALGAE
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2015

Recent studies have shown the importance of viruses as potential sources of plankton mortality, which affect primary production and biogeochemical functions of their hosts. Here, we report basic characteristics of a novel virus (Stephanopyxis palmeriana virus: SpalV) that causes lysis of a culture of the diatom S. palmeriana, which was isolated in Jaran Bay, Korea, in August 2008. SpalV is a round-shaped viral particle ~25-30 nm in diameter that propagates in its host's cytoplasm. In addition, it shows species-specific infectivity among the tested diatom species. The burst size and latent period are estimated to be roughly 92 infectious units $cell^{-1}$ and <80 h, respectively.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.77-80
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• 2007

Macroalgal tissues can be used as indicating materials for environmental assessment using several algal biotechnology techniques. As bioassay test organisms, macroalgal tissues are required as an axenic state for suitable biological indicators. Callus formation and blade regeneration under suitable culture conditions are also useful for the tests. Quantitative method using tetrazolium chloride or $alamarBlue^{TM}$ is devised on a rapid assessment of the seaweed viability. The use of RT-PCR especially differential display technique should provide the means for the detection and isolation of the responding genes induced by the environmental stress. Seaweed thriving in more environmental changes might contain more diverse biologically active substances.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2006

Anticoagulant activities of a fermented edible brown alga, Laminaria ochotensis was investigated. L. ochotensis was fermented with 15% sugar (w/v) at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10 weeks. Anticoagulant activity was measured from the supernatant of algal mixture at biweekly intervals up to $10^{th}$ week by activated partial thromboplastin (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) assay using citrated human plasma. Sample having high APTT activity $(6^{th}\;week)$ was filtered, ethanol precipitated and freeze-dried. The polysaccharide compound having anticoagulant activity was purified by DEAE ion exchange chromatography followed by Sepharose-4B gel filtration chromatography. Anticoagulant activity, polysaccharide concentration, and heparin like activity were determined for the collected fractions by APTT, $phenol-H_2SO_4$, and glycosaminoglycan assay, respectively. The anticoagulant activity assay showed that the activity was increased up to $6^{th}$ week, and decreased thereafter. The concentration of our purified compound was $31.0{\mu}g/ml$ and showed higher APTT activity than commercial heparin. At the same concentration of $31.0{\mu}g/ml$, the heparin showed 186.5 sec activity while our purified compound showed an activity of 386 sec. Single spot on agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the compound was purified and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) results revealed that the molecular mass of the purified polysaccharide compound was between 60 and 500 kDa. Therapeutic interest of the algal polysaccharide as an anticoagulant has recently been in highlighted. This purified anticoagulant compound from fermented L. ochotensis can be used as a model for anticoagulant agent or could be developed as an anticoagulant agent. This study can be extended to identify the structure and chemical composition of the purified polysaccharide, and to establish a relationship between structure and the function of the identified anticoagulant compounds.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.2221-2221
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• 2002

한국 서해안의 곰소만에서 숙주-기생자 배양체 Prorocentrum minimum- Amoebophrya sp.를 분리하여 실험, 배양하는데 성공하였다. 본 연구는 이 숙주-기생체를 실험배양 하면서 광학 및 형광현미경 관찰을 토대로 규명된 적조생물 P minimum을 숙주로 하는 기생성 와편모류 Amoebophrya sp.의 생활사 단계를 보고한다. 이 기생성 와편모류에 의한 감염은 숙주 P minimum의 핵 내부에서 일어나고, 성장하여 결국은 세포질을 포함한 숙주 세포 공간의 대부분을 차지한다. 이 영양체의 세포 내의 성장이 완결되면 숙주의 각을 열고 세포 밖으로 나온다. 숙주 세포 밖의 자유유영 생활사 단계인 vermiform stage를 거쳐, 순간적으로 발산하여 수많은 dinospore를 형성하는 단계에 이른다. 우리나라 연안해역에서 춘·하계에 대규모 적조를 일으키는 원인 생물인 P. minimum과 이에 기생하는 본 Amoebophrya sp.의 숙주-기생배양체는 생물학적 적조제어기술 개발을 위한 중요한 생물재료의 하나이다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.221-225
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• 2002

한국 서해안의 곰소만에서 숙주-기생자 배양체 Prorocentrum minimum- Amoebophrya sp.를 분리하여 실험, 배양하는데 성공하였다. 본 연구는 이 숙주-기생체를 실험배양 하면서 광학 및 형광현미경 관찰을 토대로 규명된 적조생물 P minimum을 숙주로 하는 기생성 와편모류 Amoebophrya sp.의 생활사 단계를 보고한다. 이 기생성 와편모류에 의한 감염은 숙주 P minimum의 핵 내부에서 일어나고, 성장하여 결국은 세포질을 포함한 숙주 세포 공간의 대부분을 차지한다. 이 영양체의 세포 내의 성장이 완결되면 숙주의 각을 열고 세포 밖으로 나온다. 숙주 세포 밖의 자유유영 생활사 단계인 vermiform stage를 거쳐, 순간적으로 발산하여 수많은 dinospore를 형성하는 단계에 이른다. 우리나라 연안해역에서 춘·하계에 대규모 적조를 일으키는 원인 생물인 P. minimum과 이에 기생하는 본 Amoebophrya sp.의 숙주-기생배양체는 생물학적 적조제어기술 개발을 위한 중요한 생물재료의 하나이다.