• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.322-326
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• 1994

Bacillus thuringiensis strain BT-14 was isolated from alfalfa dust in Korea. The strain BT-14 produced one bipyramidal crystal and one spore in the cell. The biochemical characteristics of the strain BT-14 were similar to those of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-l. Examination of its antibiotic resistance revealed that while the strain BT-14 was less resistant than BTK HD-l to ampicillin, gentamycin, neomycin and tobramycin, it was more resistant to amikacin than BTK HD-l. The $\delta$-endotoxin crystal of strain BT-14 consisted of a single protein with a high molecular weight of ca 135 KD on a 10% SDS-PACE. The strain BT-14 contained at least nine different plasmids with sizes of 2.9, 5.3, 5.8, 6.2, 9.4, 15.1, 18.1, 23.1 and 79 Kb. In insect bioassay, the isolated strain BT-14 showed lethality of 67% against Plutella xylostella larvae at dilution of 5$\times$$l0^{-4}$ (5$\times$l0 to 3$\times$$l0^2$ spores/ml), which is, almost equivalent to that of BTK HD-l.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.278-285
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• 1996

This experiments was conducted to determine the effect of dietary fiber(DF) levels with diets of isocaloric (3,010 kcal/1kg diet) and isoprotein(21% of diet) on colored brolier chicks(Juk jun hatchery farm). Four groups of 6 chicks 4 replication. were fed corn-soy meal diets containing 0% (DF, 5%), 2%(DF, 6%), 4%(DF, 7%), and 6%(DF, 8%) of dehydrated alfalfa meal(AM) from 21 to 42 days of age. The addition of dietary fiber levels to the broiler chicks diets did noty affect body weight, feed efficiency, energy efficiency and protein efficiency, but affect feed intake of chicks fed 6% of fiber. The level of fiber diets did not affect gizzard weight of female(1.45g/100g BW) and male(1.25g/100g BW), but affect small intestine length of female. When comparing two the dietary fiber levels, 5% and 8%, the contents of the total serum cholesterol was slightly higher in chicks fed 5% of fier than that of 8% without significant. However, total serum cholesterol levels of female(121mg/dl) and male(119mg/dl) were not influenced by increased dietary fiber levels. The liver weight was not influenced by increasing of dietary fiber levels (female 2.03g and male 2.05g/100g BW). The yields of dressed weight(72% of shrunk body weight), skin weight)11% of dressed weight) were not influenced by increased dietary fiber.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1708-1716
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• 2000

A study was made of diurnal changes in the ruminal bacteria associated with feed particles, i.e., non-associated (NAB), loosely associated (LAB), and tightly associated with particles (TAB), and the TAB concentration in different particle sizes from sheep fed orchardgrass (OG) or alfalfa (ALF) hay. Diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) was used to determine the TAB mass. Results showed that the bacterial masses in NAB and LAB were small, but comprised over 90% in TAB. The TAB mass in the ALF group sharply increased within 2 h after feeding and decreased afterward. The TAB mass showed the same trend in the OG group, increasing from 0 h to 2 h, but remained at the same level up to 14 h after feeding. The peak bacterial mass was, however, lower in the OG than the ALF group. The TAB concentration reflected the changes in total particulate tightly associated bacterial masses in both groups of hay fed sheep. Number of bacterial colonies per particle increased as the particulate size decreased in both groups. This difference, however, tended to decline as the postprandial period was prolonged. DAPA, however, tended to overestimate the TAB mass in the reticulo-rumen digesta of the hay fed sheep.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.250-257
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• 1997

The relationship of nine Medicago species belonging to four subgenera were analyzed by using SDS-PAGE and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RELP) methodologies. Sixty-eight bands of alcohol and salt soluble proteins and 85-133 RFLP markers were used to estimate the genetic distance among the species. These species were clustered together at around 0.1 to 0.4 level of distance for both kind of markers, indicating that Medicago species have a large genetic similarity. A combined cluster diagram, at a dissimilarity level of 0.3, differentiated nine species in four groups: group 1, M. littoralis , M. truncatulam, M.scutellata and M. rigidula; group 2, M. sativa ; group 3, M. lupulina ; group 4, M. orbicularis, M. radiata and M. minima. All of them, but except for M. minima. corrensponded to the existing four subgenera of the genus Medicago classified by Lesins and Lesins(1979).The most similar species were M. littoralis and M. trucatula and the most dissimilar one was M. lupulina. In separate cluster diagrams based on RFLP and protein markers, some differences were observed. In the case of RFLP or DNA markers, M. sativa (alfalfa) was distantly clustered with other Medicago species. But in the case of protein markers, M. sativa was closely clustered with M. scutellata, M. littorulis and M. truncatula.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.260-267
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to find a new formulation of soil amendment, and selection of antogonists and to effectively control brown and large patch of turfgrasses caused by Rhizoctoniz solani AG1-1 and AG 2-2. Fourteen inorgainc chemicals (1%, w/w) were added individually in vitro, and some chemicals showed suppressiveness to R. solani. Alum suppressed effectively mycelial growth of R. solani in the range of 17 to 77% as compared with control. The four chemicals such as Al2(SO4)3, alum, CaO, and NH4NO3 were finally selected. Out of three organic compounds, composted pine bark (CPB) showed prominent suppressive effect as compared with milled alfalfa and pine leaves. After inoculation of R. solani isolates AG-1 and AG2-2 on the turf seedlings, water soaked lesions and blight symptoms were developed on the whole seedlings. According to inhibition zone method, mycelial growth of the fungus were greatly suppressed by culture filterates of the antagonists, Gliocladium virens (Gl1-) and Pseudomonas sp. (P713). CPB soil amendment mixed with antagonists (1% w/w) controlled not only brown and large patch of turfgrasses, but also promote the good growth of the seedlings. In addition, the controlling effect was maintained more than 30 days. Especially, the controlling effect of two antagonists was similar to Cㅖㅠ soil amendment with the antagonists and also stimulated a favorable growth of the seedlings. Therefore, its is expected that continuous control of Rhizoctonia blight of turfgrasses can be obtained in field by subsequent applications of the antagonists.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.1235-1238
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• 2000

Thirty-six Holstein dairy cows were used to evaluate the effect of a rumen protected methionine supplement (RPMet). The cows were divided into two groups of 18 each (control/experimental). The experimental group was given 15 g/d of RPMet (Mepron $^{(R)}$M85, Degussa) from the 4th to the 26th week postpartum. All cows were fed a similar amount of forage including alfalfa silage, corn silage and timothy silage. Concentrate mixture was offered in proportion to the milk yield of each cow. Sufficiency of major metabolizable AAs was checked. Milk yield and milk composition was monitored for each individual cow. A metabolic profile test (MPT) was carried out at the 7th, 11th and 21st week postpartum. Without supplement, both methionine and leucine fell short of the daily requirement. Supplementation with 15 g/d RPMet was calculated to be within a sufficient margin of safety. Milk yield tended to remain higher in the supplemented group than in the controls during supplementation with RPMet. The differences in weekly milk production at the 17th, 18th, 19th and 22nd weeks postpartum were significantly high in the RPMet group (p<0.05). The average 305-d milk yield and the percentages of milk fat, milk protein and solids-not-fat were not affected by the treatment. No differences were observed in either the somatic cell count in the milk or the reproductive status. Judging from MPT, all the cows were in good health during lactation.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.325-332
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• 1994

In order to find out formulation and effect of soil amendment on Fusarium wilt of sesame caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, the study was conducted during the last two years of 1992 to 1993. Among 14 chemicals (1%, w/w) added to soil including CaO individually, Al2(SO4)3, Alum, and CaO suppressed mycelial growth and conidial germination of F.oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. CaCl2 suppressed mycelial growth only, while glycerine, KCl, K2 HPO4, and triple superphosphate suppressed conidial germination. Suppression rate was ranged from 21 to 100% on mycelial growth. The 8 chemicals were finally selected. Among the 4 organic compounds, composted pine bark showed definite suppression on mycelial growth and conidial germination of the fungus, whereas milled alfalfa leaves was only effective on conidial germination of Fusarium wilt pathogen. The antagonist Trichoderma harzianum grew well in the soil medium amended with the composted pine bark and chemicals mixture (CPM) amendment (1%, w/w) and suppressed mycelial growth of the fungus effectively. In pot test, Fusarium wilt of sesame was completely controlled by CPM amendment.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.113.1-113.1
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• 2011

The Leo ring in the M96 group is unique in its morphology and size among the intergalactic gas features found in nearby universe. Its ring-like structure of 200 kpc on diameter appears to be orbiting around the M105-NGC 3384 pair with $1.67{\times}109\;M{\odot}$ of HI gas. While the origin of the ring - whether it is primordial or tidally stripped - is yet unclear, the optical and gas properties of dwarf galaxies associated with the gas ring help us to understand the formation process of this large scale intergalactic HI cloud. At the first step, we present the optical catalog of dwarf galaxy candidates in the Leo ring using deep optical images with MegaCam on the CFHT. Image convolution method is used in order to detect very faint dwarf galaxies. Comparing the ALFALFA HI data from the literature, we have identified that 4 dwarf candidates coexist with HI clumps. There are also 27 HI dwarfs with no optical counterpart and 12 optical dwarfs with no HI clump. In this work, we probe the optical and global gas properties of these dwarfs.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 1972

A total of 163 virus infected pepper plants(Capsicum annuum L.) collected from various pepper growing regions in Korea were investigated on the presence of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), potato virus X(PVX), potato virus Y(PVY) and alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) by serological methods. Van Slogteren's microprecipitin test was applied for the testing of TMV, PVX and PVY from infected plants, and Ouchterlony agar double diffusion test was used for CMV and AMV. Results obtained are as follows: 1. TMV, CMV, PVX, PVY and AMV were found to occur on the pepper plants growing in Korea. 2. The prevalence of each of these viruses among the 163 pepper plants investigated was in the order of CMV: 93 plants(57.0%)>TMV: 91 plants (55.8%)>AMV: 58 plants (35.6%)>PVY: 40 plants (24.5%)> PVX:6 plants(3.7%). 3. Among the 163 plants investigated, 72 plants (44%) showed infection with one kind of virus and 91 plants (56%) showed mixed infection with more than two different viruses. In general, heavier damage of the plants was observed from mixed infection. 4. The results of serological identification of pepper viruses coincided with those results obtained by sap inoculation experiment conducted at the Horticultural Experiment Station along with present investigation. Thus the serological techniques applied in this experiment proved to be very reliable for the identification of TMV, CMV, PVX, PVY and AMV from pepper plants infected with these viruses.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.941-946
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• 2007

Bacillus halodurans O-methyltransferase (BhOMT) is a S-adenosylmethionine (SAM or AdoMet) dependent methyltransferase. Three dimensional structure of the BhOMT bound to S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH or AdoHcy) has been determined by comparative homology modeling. BhOMT has 40% sequence identity with caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) from alfalfa. Based on x-ray structure of CCoAOMT, three dimensional structure of BhOMT was determined using MODELLER. The substrate binding sites of these two proteins showed slight differences, but these differences were important to characterize the substrate of BhOMT. Automated docking study showed that four flavonoids, quercetin, fisetin, myricetin, and luteolin which have two hydroxyl groups simultaneously at 3'- and 4'-position in the B-ring and structural rigidity of Cring resulting from the double bond characters between C2 and C3, were well docked as ligands of BhOMT. These flavonoids form stable hydrogen bondings with K211, R170, and hydroxyl group at 3'-position in the Bring has stable electrostatic interaction with Ca2+ ion in BhOMT. This study will be helpful to understand the biochemical function of BhOMT as an O-methyltransferase for flavonoids.