• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.1977-1981
• /
• 2012

Houttuynia cordata Thunb (HCT) is a native herb found in Southeast Asia which features various pharmacological activities against allergy, inflammation, viral and bacterial infection, and cancer. The aims of this study were to determine the cytotoxic effect of 6 fractions obtained from silica gel column chromatography of alcoholic HCT extract on human leukemic Molt-4 cells and demonstrate mechanisms of cell death. Six HCT fractions were cytotoxic to human lymphoblastic leukemic Molt-4 cells in a dose-dependent manner by MTT assay, fraction 4 exerting the greatest effects. Treatment with $IC_{50}$ of HCT fraction 4 significantly induced Molt-4 apoptosis detected by annexinV-FITC/propidium iodide for externalization of phosphatidylserine to the outer layer of cell membrane. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was reduced in HCT fraction 4-treated Molt-4 cells. Moreover, decreased expression of Bcl-xl and increased levels of Smac/Diablo, Bax and GRP78 proteins were noted on immunoblotting. In conclusion, HCT fraction 4 induces Molt-4 apoptosis cell through an endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2012

Objectives : Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) is a plant living at the areas of high-altitude mountain, and Rhodiolae Radix(the root of R. rosea) has been used as a traditional medicine to decrease the symptoms of mental- or physical-stress in Asia and Europe. To examine the efficacy of Rhodiolae Radix on the oxidative stress, the anti-oxidative effects of the radix were examined, Methods : The effects of Rhodiolae Radix on several oxidative factors were examined in vitro, and also the effects were tested in the liver of rats which were treated with a high dose of alcohol during 2 weeks. Results : The extract of Rhodiolae Radix in vitro scavenged some oxidants, such as DPPH, Superoxide anion radical and LDL, and the extract also inhibited the oxidative capacity of linoleic acid, significantly. Meanwhile, in the in vivo test, the methanol-extract decreased some oxidation parameters, such as relative liver weight, TBARS and SOD activities, and also increased catalase activity in the liver of alcohol-loaded rats, But, the extract had no effects on GSH content and GSH-px activiy in the rats. Conclusion : The root of Rhodiola rosea has a strong anti-oxidative capacity, and also has some preventive properties aginst the alcoholic stress.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.5 no.6
• /
• pp.520-526
• /
• 2011

Folate deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia are found in most patients with alcoholic liver disease. Oxidative stress is one of the most important mechanisms contributing to homocysteine (Hcy)-induced tissue injury. However it has not been examined whether exogenous administration of folic acid attenuates oxidative stress and hepatic toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo effect of folic acid supplementation on oxidative stress and hepatic toxicity induced by chronic ethanol consumption. Wistar rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups and fed 0%, 12%, 36% ethanol, or 36% ethanol plus folic acid (10 mg folic acid/L) diets. After 5 weeks, chronic consumption of the 36% ethanol diet significantly increased plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) (P < 0.05) and aspartate transaminase (AST) (P < 0.05), triglycerides (TG) (P < 0.05), Hcy (P < 0.001), and low density lipoprotein conjugated dienes (CD) (P < 0.05) but decreased total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) (P < 0.001). These changes were prevented partially by folic acid supplementation. The 12% ethanol diet had no apparent effect on most parameters. Plasma Hcy concentration was well correlated with plasma ALT (r = $0.612^{**}$), AST (r = $0.652^*$), CD (r = $0.495^*$), and TRAP (r = $-0.486^*$). The results indicate that moderately elevated Hcy is associated with increased oxidative stress and liver injury in alcohol-fed rats, and suggests that folic acid supplementation appears to attenuate hepatic toxicity induced by chronic ethanol consumption possibly by decreasing oxidative stress.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.14-23
• /
• 2016

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by fat accumulation and is associated with oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract (PPE) against oxidative stress in the liver of rats with NAFLD. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD), 20% corn oil, or palm oil for 8 weeks in the presence or absence of PPE. The control group was fed a basal diet. The progression of NAFLD was evaluated histologically and by measuring liver enzymes (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase), serum lipids (triglycerides and total cholesterol), and oxidative stress markers. The HFD feeding increased the body weight and caused NAFLD, liver steatosis, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and elevated liver enzymes. Administration of PPE ameliorated the hepatic morphology, reduced body weight, improved liver enzymes, and inhibited lipogenesis. Furthermore, PPE enhanced the cellular redox status in the liver tissue of rats with NAFLD. Our findings suggest that PPE could improve HFD-induced NAFLD via abolishment of hepatic oxidative damage and hyperlipidemia. PPE might be considered as a potential lead material in the treatment of NAFLD and obesity through the modulation of lipid metabolism.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.550-564
• /
• 2011

Objectives : Oxidative stress seems to play a major role in mechanisms by which ethanol causes liver injury. Previous studies have shown that treatment with Yinjinchunggan-tang (Yinchenqinggan-tang, YJCGT) has protective effects on alcoholic liver disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of YJCGT on alcohol-induced oxidative stress. Materials and Methods : In vitro, we evaluated the inhibitory activities of YJCHT on DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), xanthine oxidase, trypsin, and hyaluronidase. In a cell culture model, we measured cell viability and proliferation, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) after YJCGT treatment in C34 and E47 cell lines, and HepG2 cells transfected with/ without cytochrome P450IIE1 (CYP2E1) gene. In vivo, we estimated serum level of hepatic biochemical markers, and alcohol concentration in the blood. Results : YJCGT showed significant free radical scavenging activity against DPPH and xanthine oxidase and decreased hyaluronidase activity effectively in vitro. YJCGT also increased cell viability, and proliferation in C34 and in E47 cell lines, and increased activities of superoxide dismutase, and catalase in C34 and in E47 cell lines. YJCGT reduced serum AST, LDH, and total cholesterol level in some of the results, and reduced blood alcohol concentration in vivo, as well. Conclusions : This study suggests that YJCGT has protective effects on oxidative stress by inhibiting alcohol-induced suppression of antioxidant enzyme activities.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.563-573
• /
• 1996

The system most likely responsible for the accelerated metabolism of alcohol with chronic ingestion or at high blood ethanol levels, is the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system(M EOS). While the increase in the MEOS with chronic ethanol ingestion is thought to be adaptive, it may also have serious adverse effects on the liver. The rates of the NADPH-dependent oxygen consumption by the liver microsomes from the prolonged ethanol fed rats were 2 times higher than the rates from the non-treated rats. With the alcohol ingestion, the total SH and nonprotein SH contents showed the significant decrease and at the same time, MDA in liver and GOT and GPT levels in blood showed the significant increase, which suggests the occurrence of liver damage due to the oxidative stress caused by chronic alcohol consumption. The mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) activity was decreased by chronic ethanol ingestion, whereas the alcohol dehydrogenase activity and the cytosolic ALDH activity were not altered. These results suggest that the induction of cytochrome P450 by the chronic alcohol ingestion increases the oxidative stress which seems to result in the altered the physiological states of the liver including the ALDH activity, which may in turn to lead to the liver disease.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 2017

Side stream cigarette smoke (SSCS) is known to be as harmful and hazardous to human health as is active smoking. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the exposure to SSCS and its stimulatory and subacute effects on the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). A methionine and choline-deficient plus high fat (MCDHF) diet was administered to C57BL/6 mice for 6 weeks. During the first three weeks of MCDHF diet feeding, each diet group was exposed to SSCS (0, 20, $40{\mu}g/L$) or fresh air for 2 hrs per day and 5 days per week. Additional experiments were performed by increasing the concentration (0, 30, $60{\mu}g/L$) and exposure time (6 hours per day) of SSCS. According to histopathologic analysis and serum levels of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), there were no differences in hepatic fat deposition, fibrosis, apoptosis or liver damage in MCDHF-fed mice based on SSCS exposure. There were also no differences in the expression of inflammation-, oxidative stress- or fibrosis-related genes between MCDHF-fed mice with or without SSCS exposure. Therefore, it is concluded that SSCS with current exposure amounts does not have additive detrimental effects on the early stage of NASH.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.495-505
• /
• 2002

A study was performed to develop as a screening tool the Simple Evaluation Questionnaire for Screening the Over-weight-type Dietary Pattern in 30 to 49 Year Old Adults. We used the data from the 30 to 49 year old subjects who participated in the three surveys - the health behavior survey, the dietary habit survey and the food intake survey - as the National Health and Nutrition Survey 1998. The 3,598 adults were classified into to two body fatness groups of normal (including underweight) and overweight (including obese) on the basis of their relative body weight (RBW) When comparing variables between the two groups, significant differences were found in gender, education, job, employment status, perceived health status, sadness / depression state, stress level, age, number of diseases, age when overweightedness started, maximum body weight, sleep length, drinking pattern (yes/no) , amount of alcoholic drinks, frequency of intoxication or drunkeness, amount of alcoholic drinks when drunk, intensity of exercise, frequency of exercise, exercise duration, skipped meals, small meals and drug supplements. In terms of food intake, there were significant differences in the daily food intake in terms of breakfast, dinner, daily kimchi and dairy products. In terms of mealtimes, we found differences in the amount of cooked rice at breakfast, kimchi at lunch, soup / kuk at dinner, fresh vegetables for snacks, fried foods for snacks between breakfast and lunch, and fruits /juices for snacks between lunch and dinner. After developing questions with indicators and analyzing the indicators by logistic regression analysis three times, we chose 10 questions for a simple evaluation of dietary patterns for the overweight-type category in order to give one point each. Among them we selected two questions to add one additional point and one question to add two additional points. The average scores of the overweight and normal groups, as shown by the developed questionnaire, were $5.97 \pm 2.36 \pm 7.36 \pm 2.21$, respectively. A score of seven points was selected as the cut-off point. We examined the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of the questionnaire to the results of 67%, 59% and 62%, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.165-175
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the intensive teaching program on compliance of health behavior for patients with myocardial infarction. The subjects were 47 patients and twenty-three patients were assigned to the experimental group and twenty-four to the control. Data were collected through questionnaire surveys. As for data analyses. $\chi^2$ test, unpaired t-test. Repeated measures ANOVA were adopted using the SAS program. The results were as follows : 1. After 4 weeks 1) The compliance scores of health behavior were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. 2) The experimental group was at a higher compliance score for smoking cessation. dietary health behavior, doing regular exercise, avoiding physical stress and managing mental stress than the control group. 2. After 12 weeks 1) The compliance score of health behavior was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. 2) The experimental group was at a higher compliance score in smoking cessation. dietary health behavior (except abstaining from alcoholic beverages), doing regular exercise. avoiding physical stress and managing mental stress than the control group. The above findings show that the intensive teaching care program was effective In increasing compliance of health behavior in the patients with myocardial infarction.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.74-78
• /
• 2012

With a markedly increased prevalence of obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) now becomes the most common cause of chronic liver disease in both adults and children. The etiology and pathogenesis of NAFLD are multifactorial and remain incompletely understood. According to the "two-hit" theory, inflammatory cytokines and adipokines are activated by oxidative stress and they are involved in insulin resistance, necroinflammatory steatohepatitis and fibrosis. This review discusses the latest updates on the role of some of important inflammatory adipokines and cytokines in the pathogenesis of NAFLD with an emphasis on their potential therapeutic implications.