• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2675-2680
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• 2014

Background: To investigate differentiated thyroid cancer risk factors in natives of French Polynesia is of interest because of the very high incidence of this cancer in the archipelago. Materials and Methods: To assess the role of various potential risk factors of thyroid cancer in the natives of French Polynesia we performed a case-control study. The study included almost all the French Polynesians diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma between 1981 and 2003 (n=229) and 373 French Polynesian control individuals from the general population without cancer. Results: Thyroid radiation dose received from nuclear fallout before the age of 15, a personal history of neck or/and head medical irradiation, obesity, tallness, large number of children, an artificial menopause, a familial history of thyroid cancer, a low dietary iodine intake, and having a spring as the main source of drinking water were found to be significant risk factors. No roles of smoking habits, alcohol consumption, iodine containing drugs, and exposure to pesticides were evidenced. Conclusions: Except for smoking, differentiated thyroid carcinoma risk factors in natives of French Polynesia are similar to those in other populations. Our finding on the role of having a spring as a drinking water origin is coherent with some other studies and could be due to geological factors.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.406-415
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with asthma in Korean adults. Methods: Data on 16,528 adults aged 19-64 were collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The general characteristics of the subjects, daily food intake, and daily energy and nutrients intake were investigated according to fruit and vegetable consumption. All statistical analyses were conducted based on SAS software version 9.4. Results: The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma was 2.6%, and ranged between 1.8% and 3.1% depending on fruit and vegetable consumption. As fruit and vegetable consumption increased, the individuals showed a higher average age and household income, but a lower educational level, smoking rate, and frequency of alcohol consumption. The group with higher fruit and vegetable consumption had higher intakes of all food groups without milk and dairy products and energy and nutrients than the counterpart group. For the intake rate of energy, the group with higher consumption of fruit and vegetables had a higher intake rate of carbohydrate and protein and a lower intake rate of fat. The risk rate of asthma with the third quartile group regarding fruit and vegetable consumption was 35%-40% lower than that of the first quartile group. Conclusion: The results suggest that adequate consumption of fruit and vegetable will help to improve the risk of asthma. Moreover, prospective cohort studies and clinical test research are necessary to measure the effects of fruit and vegetable consumption on the occurrence of asthma.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.165-174
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the association metabolic syndrome with sarcopenia in Korean stroke patients. We used the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2008 to 2011 and enrolled a total of 316 stroke patients older than 40 years. Data were analyzed by Rao-Scott ${\chi}^2-test$, generalized linear model and composite sample multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 47.3% in men and 46.3% in women. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 50.3% in men and 73.6% in women. After adjusting for age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, exercise, education, income, sroke sequla and stroke duration, men with sarcopenia had increased risk of metabolic syndrome (95% CI: 2.454-18.482, p<.001). This finding can be used to develop evidence-based health promotion program to prevent stroke reccurance for stroke patients.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.538-546
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• 2016

Kochujang was prepared by replacement of rice (25%, control) with pumpkin or purple sweet potato by 0. 5, 10, and 15% (total addition ratio of rice and sweet potato=25% of sample). Effects of the addition of sweet potato on physiochemical properties of fermented Kochujang were investigated. Viable cells of yeast decreased in the sweet potato-added Kochujang at the later stage of fermentation, while there was no significant difference in the number of bacteria among the test groups. As the addition ratio sweet potato increased, ${\alpha}$-amylase activity increased while protease activity decreased. Hunter L, a, and b values of Kochujang prepared with purple sweet potato were lower than those with pumpkin sweet potato. Changes in ${\Delta}E$ value was greater in Kochujang prepared with pumpkin sweet potato than that with purple sweet potato. Oxidation-reduction potential and water activity were higher in sweet potato-Kochujang than control, but reducing sugar content was higher in control. Alcohol and amino-type nitrogen contents were higher in Kochujang prepared with pumpkin sweet potato than that with purple sweet potato, but it was not significant. Overall sensory acceptability was highest in Kochujang prepared with 10% of purple sweet potato while that with 15% pumpkin sweet potato was the least preferred.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8281-8285
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• 2016

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancy, infection being a serious health problem in Thailand. Recently, clarithromycin resistant H. pylori strains represent the main cause of treatment failure. Therefore this study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin in Suranaree University of Technology Hospital, Suranree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Northeastern Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeast of Thailand. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out between June 2014 and February 2015 with 300 infected patients interviewed and from whom gastric mucosa specimens were collected and proven positive by histology. The gastric mucosa specimens were tested for H. pylori and clarithromycin resistance by 23S ribosomal RNA point mutations analysis using real-time polymerase chain reactions. Correlation of eradication rates with patterns of mutation were analyzed by chi-square test. Results: Of 300 infected patients, the majority were aged between 47-61 years (31.6%), female (52.3%), with monthly income between 10,000-15,000 Baht (57%), and had a history of alcohol drinking (59.3%). Patient symptoms were abdominal pain (48.6%), followed by iron deficiency anemia (35.3%). Papaya salad consumption (40.3%) was a possible risk factor for H. pylori infection. The prevalence of H. pylori strains resistant to clarithromycin was 76.2%. Among clarithromycin-resistant strains tested, all were due to the A2144G point mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. Among mutations group, wild type genotype, mutant strain mixed wild type and mutant genotype were 23.8%, 35.7% and 40.5% respectively. With the clarithromycin-based triple therapy regimen, the efficacy decreased by 70% for H. pylori eradication (P<0.01). Conclusions: Recent results indicate a high rate of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin. Mixed of wild type and mutant genotype is the most common mutant genotype in Nakhon Ratchasima province, therefore the use of clarithromycin-based triple therapy an not advisable as an empiric first-line regimen for H. pylori eradication in northeast region of Thailand.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.4135-4141
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• 2014

Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPV) may play an important role as one of the possible etiologies of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study aimed to investigate the association between HPV and OSCC in young Japanese patients by examining the presence of HPV DNA and surrogate markers in OSCC tissues. Materials and Methods: Forty young patients with OSCC whose surgical specimens were available were analyzed and compared with 40 patients randomly recruited from a pool of patients aged >40 years. HPV DNA was detected using the polymerase chain reaction-based AMPLICOR$^{(R)}$ HPV test, and surrogate markers of HPV infection were analyzed using immunohistochemical techniques to detect $p16^{INK4a}$ and p53. Results: Only two (5%) young patients and one (2.5%) older patient were positive for HPV DNA. $p16^{INK4a}$ overexpression was identified in six (15%) young patients. p53 staining levels were not high in tissues of most young patients (27 patients, 67.5%). HPV DNA status did not significantly correlate with $p16^{INK4a}$ expression levels. Profiles of increased levels of $p16^{INK4a}$ expression with diminished levels of p53 staining were not associated with the presence of HPV DNA. The combined p53 with $p16^{INK4a}$ profiles were significantly correlated with alcohol consumption in younger patients (p=0.006). Conclusions: Results of the present study indicate that HPV is less likely to cause OSCC in young Japanese patients, and the $p16^{INK4a}$ expression level is not an appropriate surrogate marker for HPV infection in OSCC.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the association between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. The final analysis population of this study was composed of 4,830 adults with diabetes mellitus or periodontal disease and aged 19 years or older, based on the third-edition data of the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) (in 2009). Diabetic status and potential confounders were used in questionnaire materials and physical examination materials, and the presence of periodontal disease was used in the materials for oral health examination by a dentist. For diabetic status, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels <100 mg/dl were subcategorized into normal group and FPG levels ${\geq}100mg/dl$ into impaired fasting glucose group; glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels <7% into normal group and HbA1c ${\geq}7%$ into diabetes group, on the basis of the American Diabetes Association. According to the 2009 Korea Health Statistics, the case where the pocket depth is 3 mm or more was defined as periodontal disease. The association between the two diseases was evaluated through $x^2$-test and logistic regression analysis using R-commander 2.14. In impaired fasting glucose group, community periodontal index (CPI) groups 3 to 4 had higher risks for periodontal disease 1.23 times (95% confidence interval, 1.07~1.42) than those of CPI groups CPI 0~2, even after adjustment for several confounders. In addition, periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus showed statistically significant differences depending on age, sex, income level, educational background, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and snack intake. The analyses of the third-edition data of the 4th KNHANES showed that there was a statistically significant association between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus as examined by means of CPI in this study.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.457-464
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• 2009

Fiber is an important ingredient in fiber-reinforced cement composite (FRCC) which can control fracture of cement composite by bridging action. In compliance with the action of the fiber and the aggregate size, it also showed a different failure mechanism. For practical application, it is needed to investigate the fracture behavior of the FRCC and to understand the micro-mechanism of cement matrix with reinforcing fiber. In order to evaluate a characteristics of fracture process in the FRCC, acoustic emission (AE) technique was used for the analysis and evaluation of FRCC damage by acoustic emission under flexural and cyclic compressive loadings. The AE signals were monitored by AMSY4 AE instrument during the entire loading period. The specimens are reinforced with 0, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% (by volume) Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber. The test results showed that the damage progress of the FRCC was characteristic for the fiber replacement ratio. As a result of analyzing the felicity ratio (FR) values, it is shown that this values can be used for evaluating the degree of FRCC damage. On the whole the felicity ratio values of FRCC are shown between 0.4 and 1.1. And, the AE kaiser effect was shown in the all FRCC specimen. In addition, the damage behavior and the microscopic fracture process of the FRCC are evaluated using the AE parameters, such as calm ratio, b-value and felicity ratio. The purpose of this reserch was to advance the state of knowledge regarding the applicability of acoustic emission as an evaluation method for FRCC.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 2016

Objectives We studied long-term preservation in stability of a mixed preparation of distilled and 70% alcohol extracted Hwangnyunhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture to establish standards for expiration date and quality control. Methods Three lots of consecutively prepared Hwangnyunhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture were each tested in triplicate to a total 5 tests at 3 month intervals over a period of 12 months for analysis of appearance, pH, specific gravity, index component content, endotoxins, microbial sterility, residual organic solvents, heavy metals, and pesticides. Items with no difference by elapsed time were tested at the initial and final timepoints, and data of items with potential difference by elapsed time were analyzed for trends to establish individual quality control standards. Results All tested items were stable over the study period, and therefore the expiration date was set as 12 months. pH quality control standards were set as 3.66~5.69, and that of specific gravity as 0.802~1.203, respectively. In index component content standards, berberine was set at $4.96{\sim}8.98{\mu}g/vial$, baicalin at $6.47{\sim}10.31{\mu}g/vial$, and geniposide at $116.03{\sim}189.55{\mu}g/vial$, respectively. Standards for other items with no difference by elapsed time were set according to general Korean herbal medicine standards in the Korean Pharmacopoeia. Conclusions Manageable expiration date and quality control standards were established through long-term preservation testing of Hwangnyunhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture, furthering standardization of Korean medicine pharmacopuncture.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.599-603
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• 2006

This study investigated the efficacy of common sanitizers and disinfectants on E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium spiked on the surface of the main processing machine. All four microorganisms were greatly reduced by hydrogen peroxide (1,100 ppm), iodophors (25 ppm) and quarternary ammonium compounds (200 ppm). The reduction levels of E. coli, S. aureus, S. Typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes were 3.5, 3.4, 3.0, and 2.8 $log_{10}CFU/100cm^2$, respectively. Peroxy compounds and quaternary ammonium compounds can be applied to animal food manufacturing plants as a good sanitizer.