• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.127-134
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• 2013

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol with a variety of functions including bactericidal and anticariogenic effects. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying the role of xylitol in bone metabolism are not yet clarified. In our present study, we exploited the physiological role of xylitol on osteoclast differentiation in a co-culture system of osteoblastic and RAW 264.7 cells. Xylitol treatment of these co-cultures reduced the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells induced by 10 nM $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$ in a dose-dependent manner. A cell viability test revealed no marked cellular damage by up to 100 mM of xylitol. Exposure of osteoblastic cells to xylitol decreased RANKL, but not OPG, mRNA expression in the presence of $10^{-8}M$ $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$ in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, bone resorption activity, assessed on bone slices in the coculture system, was found to be dramatically decreased with increasing xylitol concentrations. RANKL and OPG proteins were assayed by ELISA and the soluble RANKL (sRANKL) concentration was decreased with an increased xylitol concentration. In contrast, OPG was unaltered by any xylitol concentration in this assay. These results indicate that xylitol inhibits $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$-induced osteoclastogenesis by reducing the sRANKL/OPG expression ratio in osteoblastic cells.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to assess dietary habits of the hazardous drinkers and the heavy episodic drinkers in Korean adults. The respondents consisted of 814 adults (415 male and 399 female) who are 20~69 years of age by random selection in partial area of Gyeonggi. A self-report questionnaire was used to cover questions regarding dietary habits, drinking behavior and physical activity. Total dietary habit scores in hazardous drinker group (63.25) was significantly lower than normal drinker group (68.61) in male respondents (P<0.001). Male hazardous drinker group less eat fruit (P<0.01), eat more processed food (P<0.01) than male normal drinker group. Female hazardous drinker group doesn't eat 3 meals a day than female normal drinker group. Total dietary habit scores in heavy episodic drinker group [occasional heavy episodic drinker (62.76), frequent heavy episodic drinker (63.77)] were significantly lower than abstainer group (69.16) in male respondents (P<0.001). Male heavy episodic drinker group less eat fruit (P<0.01), eats more processed food (P<0.01), salty food (P<0.001), sugary food (P<0.05), animal fat (P<0.01) and eats out often (P<0.01) than male abstainer group. Male heavy episodic drinker group significantly less apply nutrition knowledge to their life (P<0.05) and less exercise everyday-more than 1 hour (P<0.01) than male abstainer group. In drinking behavior index, AUDIT (alcohol use disorder identification test) score was negatively correlated with age (P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between dietary habits and physical activity (P<0.01) but there was negative correlation between dietary habits and AUDIT score (P<0.01). This study highlights that AUDIT score was negatively influenced dietary habits.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.268-279
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• 2003

The nano capsulation of the ceramide was a technique that capsulated ceramide III and tocopheryl linoleate at the mono-vesicle, so as to act the horny layer in skin. It was used 0.5-5.0 wt% of hydrogenated lecithin and 0.01~2.00 wt% of lysolecithin as the membrane-strengthen agents of the mono-vesicle, 5.0~10 wt% of propylene glycol and 5.0~10.0 wt% of ethyl alcohol made by high-pressure Microfluidizer. To enhance the moisturizing efficacy and treat an atopy skin, used ceramide III and tocopheryl linoleate as the active ingredients, and it was made the nano-capsule that synthetic emulsifiers were free. The optimal condition of capsulation of nano ceramide was as follows. The conditions were 3 times at 1,000bar and 60-7$0^{\circ}C$. The particle size showed 63.1$\pm$7.34 nm such as the transparence water as the results for measuring by the laser light scattering. A zeta potential value was -55.1$\pm$0.84 ㎷. The result of the clinical test, the moisturizing effect (in-vivo, n=8, p-value<0.05) was improved 21.15% compared to control, as well as it was improved 36.31 % before the treatment. Moreover, the effectiveness of atopy skin indicated positive reaction that patients were 10 volunteers.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.343-348
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• 2000

Characteristics of major suing Chinese cabbage cultivars in Korea, Norangbom(Nor), Gonaenggiyeurum(Gon), Maereuk (Mae) and Housekumgarak (Hou), and their qualities of Kimchies were investigated. Mean weight of the cabbages was in the range of 1.39∼2.40 kg, and was higher Gon, Mae, Nor, Hou in order. Leaves number was Gon 45, Nor 56, Mae 59 and Hou 56 pieces. Sensory taste of raw Chinese cabbage was best in Nor. Decreasing rate of gumminess and chewiness by salting was the highest in Gon and the lowest in Nor. fermentation of Gon and Nor-Kimchi were faster than Mae and Hou-Kimchi. Amount of gas formation during fermentation was the highest in Mae-Kimchi and lowest in Nor-Kimchi. Decreasing rate of AIS was the fastest in Mae-Kimchi and the latest in Hou-Kimchi. Hardness and gumminess of Kimchi fermented for 21 days were to be ordered Mae-Kimchi, Hou-kimchi, Gon-Kimchi and Nor-Kimchi. Overall acceptability by the sensory test was good in Nor- and Hou-Kimchi.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.147-162
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• 2012

Abdominal obesity is an important factor of metabolic syndrome and is known as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the fatty acid intake pattern as well as the association between fatty acid intake and abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia in Korean adults. This study was based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) I, II, III, and IV. After excluding subjects who had missing data for dietary intakes, anthropometric measurments, and laboratory tests, a total of 12,320 subjects aged 20~64y (5,266 men and 7,054 women) were included in the study. Trends in individual consumption of dietary fatty acids by year were analyzed by One-way ANOVA test, and the association between fatty acid intake and abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia was analyzed by logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age, energy intake, marital status, job, education level, alcohol intake, and smoking status. In men, intakes of TFA, SFA, MUFA, FUFA, and n-6 PUFA significantly increased with year. On the other hand, intakes of TFA, SFA and FUFA significantly increased with year in women. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of abdominal obesity was significantly associated with intakes of PUFA, LNA and n-3 PUFA in women. However, there was no association with any fatty acid intakes in men. The risk of hyperglycemia was significantly and positively associated with intakes of TFA, SFA, PUFA, and LNA in men, but, there was no significant association with any fatty acid intakes in women. These results show that abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia are significantly associated with individual intake of fatty acids, suggesting that fatty acid type may be associated with risk of abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia. Futher, the macronutrients of measl must be properly balanced.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.649-656
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• 2009

Inorganic oxide colloids dispersed in alcohol were applied to a stainless steel substrate to produce oxide coatings for the purpose of minimizing emissive thermal transfer. The microstructure, roughness, infrared emissive energy, and surface heat loss of the coated substrate were observed with a variation of the nano oxide sol and coating method. It was found that the indium tin oxide, antimony tin oxide, magnesium oxide, silica, titania sol coatings may reduce surface heat loss of the stainless steel at 300${\circ}C$. It was possible to suppress thermal oxidation of the substrate with the oxide sol coatings during an accelerated thermal durability test at 600${\circ}C$. The silica sol coating was most effective to suppress thermal oxidation at 600${\circ}C$, so that it is useful to prevent the increase of radiative surface heat loss as a heating element. Therefore, the inorganic oxide sol coatings may be applied to improve energy efficiency of the substrate as the heating element.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 1992

Certain parts of 95 species of edible and medical plants were extracted with water and 75% of ethyl alcohol. After addition of those extracts to palm oil, lard and soybean oil at different level, their antioxidative activities were compared by Rancimat test. Six species among them seemed to have rather strong antioxidative activity and high extracting yields(i.e. Taraxacum platycarpum, Plantago asiatica, Rhus javanica L., Lycopus lucidus, Astragalus membranaceus, Taraxacum platycarpumH). Among them, the Rhus javanica L. ethanol extract retarded greatly the induction period of palm oil and lard. When 600 ppm of Rhus javanica L. extract were added to palm oil and lard, AI(antioxidant index was expressed as induction period of oil containing various plant extracts/induction period of control oil) of each was 1.35 and 3.03 respectively. This result indicated that the Rhus javanica L. extract was more effective on lard than the other oils.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.393-399
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• 2011

Bacillus subtilis natto producing high level of a fibrinolytic enzyme was selected and Ultra Nattokinase$^{(R)}$ was manufactured by fermentation and purification. It was performed the evaluation of the antithrombotic effect of Ultra Nattokinase$^{(R)}$ (20,000 FU/g) with rat blood plasma. The maximum aggregation (inhibition ratio) was 71% (0%), 69% (2.8%), 62% (12.7%), 16% (77.5%) and 9% (87.3%), respectively, in the order of 0, 5, 10, 50 and 100 mg/mL of Ultra Nattokinase$^{(R)}$ solutions. Ultra Nattokinase$^{(R)}$ had antithrombotic effect, which was associated with the suppression of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Ultra Nattokinase$^{(R)}$ in the topic of the FDP (fibrinogen degradation products) in blood coagulation tests showed a significant increasing trend. And based on the daily record of meal 39 people of ITT (what ?) group consisted with 19 people of NP (what ?) group and 20 people of PN (what ?) group except four people, two people who took vitamin K affecting the experiment and two people who took alcohol, finding to be taken Ultra Nattokinase$^{(R)}$ showed an increase in the FDP value after four weeks. In addition, FDP value of 41 people of ITT group except two people having metabolic syndrome was increased by Ultra Nattokinase$^{(R)}$.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.499-504
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• 1988

Among the new yeast strains which were isolated from soils by incubating in the xylan containing minimal medium at 3$0^{\circ}C$, one strain(XB-33) was finally selected by the results of extracellular xylanase production test. The characteristics of XB-33 was almost consistent with those of the Cryptococcus ater. The formation of xylanase activity was induced by xylan and repressed by xylose or glucose. The xylanase was partially purified from the culture supernatant with DEAE-Sephadex A5O chromatography. The enzyme had a pH optimum for activity at 5.0 and its stability range was pH 5-7. The temperature optimum was at 5$0^{\circ}C$, but the enzyme activity was greatly lost by heating at 7$0^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes. The hydrolysis products from xylan by crude enzyme detected by TLC, were xylose and n series of higher oligosaccharides. The Km value of xylanase was 20 (mg/ml).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1118-1128
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between life style, menstrual distress and coping method in nursing students. The survey was conducted with 199 nursing students at a nursing college in K city. Data were collected from November 19 to December 5, 2014, and analyzed using SPSS 18.0. Of the 197 respondents, 78.2% had menstrual distress and distress score was 2.7 on average. There was a significant negative correlation between life style and impaired concentration, life style and behavioral change, rest and impaired concentration. Alcohol was negatively correlated with menstrual distress, impaired concentration, behavial change, and negative affect. Positive correlation was observed between menstrual distress and coping. These results suggest that the development of educational program is needed to promote life style and thereby provide effective interventions for menstrual distress in college students.