• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2008

We extracted red ginseng with various alcohol concentrations and evaluated total carbohydrate, uronic acid, polyphenols compounds and ginsenoside contents, and yields of alcohol extract. The water extraction (0% alcohol extraction) showed a high level of total carbohydrate content. 10% and 20% alcohol extraction showed the highest uronic acid contents (7,978.8 and $7,872.7\;{\mu}g/mL$ of extract, respectively). The efficiency order of the red ginseng extract (RGE) preparations in liberating polyphenols was: $0{\sim}50%$ alcohol${\geq}\;60%$ alcohol> $70{\sim}90%$ alcohol. Solid contents in RGE were decreased with increased alcohol concentration; the same tendency as with the results of total carbohydrate content. Total ginsenoside contents in $20{\sim}50%$ alcohol extracts showed similar levels ($442,962.9{\sim}47,930.8\;{\mu}g/mL$ of extract). Water extraction showed the lowest ginsenoside content ($14,509.4\;{\mu}g/mL$ of extract). The ginsenoside contents at above 60% alcohol were decreased with increased alcohol concentration. Generally, ginsenoside (Rg2, Rg1, Rf, Re, Rd, Rb2, Rc and Rb1) contents were increased with increased alcohol concentrations. However, Rg3 content was decreased with increases in alcohol concentration.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제12권1_2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1978

In an attempt to explore the effect of Ginseng on the permeability of the biological membrane to cations we have investigated the effect of Ginseng-alcohol extract on the transport of $Na^+$ human red blood cell preprations. The $Na^+$ influx was measured in intact red cells using $^{22}Na$ as a tracer and the efflux in reseated red cells using $^{24}Na$ as a tracer. 1. The influx of $Na^+$ was not apparently changed by the Ginseng-alcohol extract of 20mg% in the incubation medium. 2. Similarly, 20mg% Ginseng-alcohol extract in the cellular space did not alter the efflux of $Na^+$ from the cell. However, 50mg% of Ginseng-alcohol extract in the cell resulted in a significant increase in the $Na^+$ efflux and this effect was magnified when the cell was suspended in the medium containing the Ginseng-alcohol extract in a concentration of 20mg %. The results suggest that Ginseng-alcohol extract over 50mg% increase permeability of red blood cell membrane to $Na^+$ by altering the membrane integrity.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.55-71
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• 2006

Objectives : To find out more pharmacologically efficient way of extraction of herbal dicoction, Gamichungsangbohatang (GMCSBHT). Methods : Several main components of GMCSBHT was compared and analysed between hot water extract of GMCSBHT and Alcohol(70% ethanol) extract of GMCSBHT via HPLC method. Results : Hot water extract of GMCSBHT showed relatively more component content than ethanol extract of GMCSBHT. Also weighted mean of main components of hot water extraction of GMCSBHT was higher than that of alcohol extract of GMCSBHT. But from chromatographic pattern analysis of matching ratio and similarity ratio showed that these two forms of extracts might have different chemical composition, and 3D PDA plot of alcohol extract of GMCSBHT showed high peaks near UV $190{\sim}220nm$ which was invisible in hot water extract of GMCSBHT. Conclusion : Alcohol extract of GMCSBHT may have some special components which do not exist in hot water extract of GMCSBHT.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.78-83
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• 1996

An ethanol administration causes hepatic triglyceride accumulation in rats. To assess whether the herbal extract containing Phaseoli radiati semen(herbal extract) inhibit s the triglyceride accumulation in the liver, we determined the hepatic triglyceiide levels in rats fed ethanol and the herbal extract. In addition, the blood ethanol concentrations and the activities of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) were measured to determine the effects of the herbal extract on alcohol metabolism in rats. The administration of the herbal extract markedly reduced the triglyceride levels elevated by ethanol in the liver as well as in the serum. The herbal extract remarkably lowered blood ethanol concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. The ADH activities decreased by ethanol were recovered to the normal level by the herbal extract treatment. Moreover, the ALDH activities slightly decreased by ethanol increased beyond the normal level by the herbal extract treatment. We conclude that the herbal extract inhibits the hepatic triglyceride accumulation and stimulates alcohol metabolism by preventing ADH and ALDH from inhbition by the ethanol administration in the rat liver.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.118-121
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• 1994

Alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations were measured in the blood and brain of rats which were treated with 20% alcohol (control group) or co-administered 20% alcohol with ginseng extract residue roasted (test group). There was no change in blood alcohol concentration between control and test group. However, the brain alcohol concentration was lowered in the test group which was treated for seven days. The concentration of aldehyde in the brain and blood was lowered in the test group. The activities of monoamine oxidase b in various regions of brain were recovered to normal group in the test groups. However, the Quantities of naloxone binding receptors were not changed by ginseng extract residue roasted.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 1988

영지의 수용성추출물이 alcohol발효에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 영지추출물을 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0% 되게 첨가한 맥아즙에 S. cerevisiae를 접종하고 120시간 발효 ($15^{\circ}C$)과정중 S. cerevisiae의 생육도, pH의 변화 및 당 소비량, alcohol생성 등을 조사하였다. 영지추출물 첨가량이 증가 할수록 균체 증식은 현저하였고, 발효 120시간에서 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%구는 대조구보다 각각 1.2배, 1.5배, 1.9배 증가하였다. 발효액(120시간)의 당함량은 영지추출물 첨가량 순으로 낮았으나 pH 는 높았다. 발효 과정 중 총 alcohol 생성량은 영지추출물 첨가구가 모두 대조구보다 많았고 특히 고급 alcohol의 생성량은 120시간 발효후 1.0%구가 대조구에 비하여 약 1.8배 증가 하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 1976

The Present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Ginseng extract on the tension-area curve for stearic acid monolayer. At the same time, the effects of Ginseng extract on osmotic and mechanical fragility of human red cells and histamine release from rabbit leukocytes were studied, The results are summarized as follows. 1. The Ginseng alcohol extract was found to expand liquid expanded phase of stearic acid monolayer, thus it is speculated that this agent may be acting as a surface active substance. 2. Osmotic hemolysis was inhibited by the Ginseng alcohol extract and the same effect was also observed in the presence of Ginseng saponin. However, the Ginseng alcohol extract was found to decrease hematocrit ratio of the RBC suspension, therefore, the inhibition of the osmotic hemolysis by this agent may be secondary effect to the reduced cell volume. 3. The mechanical hemolysis was also inhibited by the Ginseng alcohol extract but the inhibition was independent of changes in hematocrit ratio. 4. Histamine release from rabbit leukocytes was significantly increased in vitro in the presence of the Ginseng alcohol extract.(p<0.05)

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate antioxidant activities and reducing serum alcohol concentration of extract of Lentinus edodes on the alcohol administered rats. Methods : Antioxidant effect was measured by total phenolic compound and DPPH-radical scavenging activity of extract of Lentinus edodes in vitro. Blood alcohol concentration, aldehyde concentration, malondialdehyde concentration, glutathion concentration were measured in vivo. Results : The extract of Lentinus edodes increased DPPH-radical scavenging activity dose-dependently. The water extract with boiling water showed lower antioxidant activity and phenolic content than 70% ethanol extract in vitro. Blood alcohol concentration was significantly reduced by pre-treatment of ethanol extract of Lentinus edodes. The effect was more significant than commercial product used as a positive control. Conclusions : This study suggest that Lentinus edodes can be a potential nature resource for the management of ethanol toxicity although the mechanism of action involved in the treatment remains to be explored.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2015

${\beta}$-cyclodextrin has an ability to protect compounds from oxidative reaction by collecting them within its ring-like structure. So, In harsh condition ($40^{\circ}C$), marker compound, quercetin, was dramatically reduced in Hovenia dulcis fruit extract containing dextrin at 4 and 8 week compared to 0 week, but not that containing ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin. To evaluate the effects of dextrin and ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin on protective effect of H.dulcis fruit extract against alcohol-induced liver damage, The mice were orally injected alcohol, H. dulcis fruit extract/dextrin (HD) and H. dulcis fruit extract/${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (HCD), respectively, for 7 days. The mice orally administrated with alcohol significantly enhanced the serum concentration of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum compared to the control group. HD and HCD significantly decreased the levels of serum ALT and AST and serum LDH activities compared to alcohol group. And also alcohol group significantly increased the level of total cholesterol compared to the control group, but HD and HCD significantly reduced it compared to the alcohol group. However, the levels of TG in blood were not significantly changed in all groups. The activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) were significantly increased in HD and HCD group although those of aldehyde dehydrogenase showed an increasing tendency. This data suggested that HD and HCD were able to induce alcohol degradation in the liver tissues. All together, the results showed that HCD demonstrated their ability to protect liver from alcohol-induced damage on equal terms with HD.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.1342-1346
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 페피노(Solanum muricatum Ait.) 과실추출액이 흰쥐의 알코올 대사에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 페피노 추출액이 알코올 투여 쥐의 혈 중 알코올과 아세트알데히드 농도, GOT와 GPT에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. 페피노 추출액($11.4^{\circ}$ Brix) 투여 시, 혈 중 알코올농도는 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 31.5% 감소하였으며 혈 중 아세트알데히드 농도는 유의적 차이는 없었다. 페피노 추출액을 농도별로 알코올 투여 30분 전에 투여 시, 혈 중 알코올 농도는 $1^{\circ}$ Brix 페피노 추출액 투여군이 대조군보다 56.4% 유의적으로 낮았으며, 혈 중 아세트알데히드 농도는 유의적 차이는 없었다. 혈중 알코올 농도 감소효과는 페피노 추출액 농도가 $1^{\circ}$ Brix일 때 가장 좋았다. $1^{\circ}$ Brix 페피노 추출액을 투여하여 시간 경과에 따른 혈 중 알코올 농도는 알코올 투여 1, 3, 5시간 후 대조군보다 유의적으로 각각 19.9%, 45.4%, 60.7% 감소하였다. 혈 중 아세트알데히드 농도는 알코올 투여 5시간 후, 대조군보다 약 19% 낮게 나타났다. GOT, GPT 활성은 모두 정상범위에 속해 알코올의 1회 투여로는 간 손상을 일으키지 않았다. 페피노 추출액은 알코올을 투여한 흰쥐의 혈중 알코올을 낮추어 흰쥐의 알코올 대사에 긍정적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.