• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 1991

Tracheostomy may be used to assure airway protection in various clinical situation. It, as a known operation, has a history spanning 2000 years. The first clear account of a successful tracheostomy was recorded in 1546 by Brasavola. Until 1718 the term "bronchotomy" was used to describe the procedure. Heister then introduce the term "tracheotomy and this was later adopted and popularized by Trousseau about 1830. The term "tracheostomy" appeared in medical literature after 1820 and the two terms "tracheostomy" and "tracheotomy" are used interchangeably today. Indications include relief of upper airway obstruction, facilitation of pulmonary toilet, diminution of dead space and need for prolonged mechanical ventilation. The extent of indication of tracheostomy has a tendency to increase, thus oral and maxillofacial surgeons have some opportunities to face a situation that require tracheostomy. So, we reported retrospective study of 31 cases of tracheostomy patient in oral and maxillofacial surgery with reference review to reveal the significance of surgical skill and management capability of emergercy state maxillofacial surgery patients.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.341-351
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• 2015

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of Cypress oil(CS) on anti-asthmatic activities in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Using an Ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma mouse model, 0.3% of CS was administered to experimental group using a nebulizer for 3 weeks on a basis of 3 times per week and 30min each time. The degree of airway hypersensitivity, the number of eosinophil in white blood cells, the number of immune cells and the change of cytokine in lung tissue were evaluated. The degree of airway hypersensitivity, the number of eosinophil, IL-5 and IL-13 levels in lung tissue, IgE in serum, the number of CCR3, CD3, CD4 cells were significantly decreased in experimental group treated with CS. These results suggested that CS may have a positive effects on Th2 cytokine and eosinophils which are major factors of asthma responses. Therefore CS might be of therapeutic value in treating asthma.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.240-245
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• 2022

A 15-year-old, neutered male, Shih-Tzu, was presented at the Chonnam National Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for evaluation of acute onset of persistent coughing, exercise intolerance, and abnormal heart sound. On thoracic auscultation, a split-second heart sound and a wheezing sound were detected on both sides of the chest walls. On physical examination, the dog's body condition score (BCS) was 7/9, and had stenotic nares. Thoracic radiographs revealed right-sided enlargement of the cardiac silhouette (vertebral heart score (VHS) 11.2; reference interval = 8.9-10.1), mild main pulmonary artery (MPA) bulging, mild interstitial infiltration, and hepatomegaly. The electrocardiogram showed right axis deviation, suggesting right ventricular hypertrophy. The echocardiographic study showed moderate pulmonary hypertension and moderate tricuspid regurgitation. There were no findings of a tracheobronchial disease, pulmonary thromboembolism, congenital shunt, left heart disease, or parasitic disease. Based on clinical signs and diagnostic findings, the dog was diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension secondary to brachycephalic syndrome. To rectify respiratory exacerbating factors, the dog was recommended weight control by restricting dietary intake and managing concurrent Cushing's syndrome. Treatments included sildenafil, pimobendan, furosemide, and ramipril. After five months of taking medications and weight control, the severity of pulmonary hypertension improved from moderate to mild. The clinical signs of the patient, including coughing and exercise intolerance, improved a lot. For 5 months of follow-up, the patient has not reported further recurrence of respiratory distress.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.206-209
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• 2023

Purpose: Since its implementation, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FBS) has played an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of tracheobronchial tree and pulmonary disease. Although FBS is often performed by endoscopists, it has also been performed by surgeons, albeit rarely. This study investigated FBS from the surgeon's perspective. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent FBS performed by a single thoracic surgeon between March 2017 and December 2021. Accordingly, the epidemiology, purpose, results, and complications of FBS were analyzed. Results: A total of 47 patients received FBS, whereas 13 patients underwent repeat FBS. Their mean age was 60.7 years. The main organs injured involved the chest (n=22), brain (n=9), abdominal organ (n=7), cervical spine (n=4), extremities (n=4), and face (n=1). The average Injury Severity Score was 22.5. Indications for FBS included atelectasis or haziness on chest x-ray (n=34), pneumonia (n=17), difficult ventilator management (n=7), percutaneous dilatory tracheostomy (n=3), blood aspiration (n=2), foreign body removal (n=2), and intubation due to a difficult airway (n=1). The findings of FBS were mucous plugs (n=36), blood and blood clots (n=16), percutaneous dilatory tracheostomy (n=3), foreign bodies (n=2), granulation tissue at the tracheostomy site (n=2), tracheostomy tube malposition (n=1), bronchus spasm (n=1), difficult airway intubation (n=1), and negative findings (n=5). None of the patients developed complications. Conclusions: FBS is an important modality in the trauma field that allows for the possibility of diagnosis and therapy. With sufficient practice, surgeons may safely perform FBS at the bedside with relative ease.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2016

Sympathetic reaction to grotesque facial injuries with oral bleeding can trigger confusion and generate inefficiency among emergency room personnel. Regardless of the extent of the injury, or of the sympathy elicated, the victim must be evaluated and treated as a whole patient with multiple trauma. There must be no confusion as to order of importance in the steps of evaluation : 1. airway 2. hemorrhage 3. shock 4. associated injuries 5. local injury 6. triage of facial injuries. The most dangerous aspect of oral hemorrhage is the possibility of its obstructing the upper airway. Swallowing large amounts of blood will usually cause gastric irritation and lead to vomiting, thus further complicating the management of the patient. Once a clear airway is assured and hemorrhage have been controlled, consideration is given to possible associated injuries before undertaking treatment of the facial injuries themselves. Status of the cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal and neuromuscular systems all have a bearing on decisions concerning facial injury treatment. In this light, treatment priority becomes exceeding important. On the other hand, the importance of facial injuries should never be minimized, especially in a mentally retarded patient with oral hemorrhage. This is a case report about oral hemorrhage control as treatment priority in a mentally retarded patient.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.38
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• pp.8.1-8.4
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• 2016

Congenital alveolar synechiae is a rare anomaly mostly presenting in association with cleft palate. Owing to reduced mouth opening, feeding difficulties, and compromised airway in extreme cases along with presentation in early neonatal period, these patients present unique challenges to the surgeon as well as the anesthetist. Here, we discuss the surgical and anesthetic management of this entity in a 12-month-old female child.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.51-54
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• 2013

A 30-year-old man with morbid obesity (height: 176 cm, body weight: 100 kg, body mass index: 32.28) was scheduled for reconstruction of the mandibular fracture. During induction of general anesthesia and nasotracheal intubation, we experienced massive epistaxis, hypoxemia and difficult airway management. Fortunately, we performed oro-tracheal intubation with direct laryngoscopy and it barely succeeded. He recovered without any residual complications and rescheduled seven days later and we successfully performed awake fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation. The patient discharged on the fourth postoperative day.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.47-50
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• 2003

Endosulfan, one of organochlorine insecticides, is $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist. In sufficient dose, this pesticide lower the seizure threshold and produce CNS stimulation, with resultant seizures, respiratory failure, and death. In patients with endosulfan intoxication, the first manifestation of toxicity is largely a generalized seizure without prodromal signs or symptoms. So the management of airway and seizure control are essential for survival and prognosis of intoxicated patients. We report two cases of acute endosulfan poisoning who manifest 'status epilepticus' similarly, but have different prognosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.111-116
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• 2011

Incheon International Airport is becoming a hub in the Northeast Asia region since its opening in 2001. Along with an increasing volume of air traffic, demands for airspace are also increasing significantly. In particular, air traffic delays have been growing rapidly due to an increasing volume of air traffic, specially flying to Europe through China. And therefore, there should be an alternative protocol to prevent flight delays. The main purpose of this study is to review current West Sea Airways of G597/Y64 which contains highly potential problems and to evaluate the efficacy of double-tracked airways in the west sea area.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.253-257
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• 1996

Deep neck infections were flirty common and a source of considerable morbidity and mortality. Although the advent of antibiotics has reduced the overall number of deep neck infections, they still occur in the general population. There are several new groups of patients at risk for deep neck infections, such as immunocompromised individuals, those with underlying diseases. Prevention of the severe sequale that may be associated with deep neck infections- mediastinitis, airway obstruction, carotid artery hemorrhage, aspiration pneumonia, septicemia - requires a knowledge of various portals of entry for infection, the presenting sign and symptoms, the possible microbiologic features, appropriate laboratory and radiologic workups, therapeutic techniques, and the ongoing medical management. A prompt diagnosis and institution of therapy will shorten the course of required treatment and reduce morbility and mortility. The authors have experienced one case of acute mediastinitis in deep neck infection patient with diabetes mellitus.