• 암석학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1998

당산봉 화산은 제주도 서쪽 끝 해안에 위치하며, 응회구, 분석구, 용암대지 및 애추층 등으로 구성된다. 이들의 암상과 층서는 써제이언분출, 스트롬볼리언분출, 하와이언분출 순으로 전개되는 화산 과정과 외력쇄설 지표과정을 나타낸다. 당산봉 응회구는 마그마와 해수가 상호작용하여 스팀폭발함으로서 형성되는 써쩨이언분출에 의한 구조물이다. 이 분출은 초기에 습윤한 테프라수지상분사 활동상이었고, 중기에 보다 덜 습윤한 테프라의 연속분승 활동상과 테프라수지상분사 활동상이 교대로 진행되었으며, 후기에 보다 건조한 초써쩨이언분사 활동상으로 전환되었다. 분석구는 응회구의 축조로 외부 물의 완전한 제한으로 인해 써제이언분출이 종식되고 스트롬볼리안분출로 전환됨으로써 형성되었다. 이 분출은 초기에 분석 위주로 포출하였으며 후기에 스패터 위주로 포출하는 활동상으로 변화되었다. 용암대지는 화도내 마그마 개스의 고갈로 폭발력이 소진되어 하와이언분출로 전환되므로써 형성되었다. 이 분출은 초기에 용암분천 활동상 위주로 진행되었으나 후기에 용암분류 활동상으로 변화되었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.259-272
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• 2013

One of the factors influencing the climate around Korea is the oceanic-atmospheric variability in the tropical region between the eastern Indian and the western Pacific Oceans. Lack of knowledge about the air-sea interaction in the tropical Indo-Pacific region continues to make it problematic forecasting the ocean climate in the East Asia. The 'Tropical Indo-Pacific water transport and ecosystem monitoring EXperiment (TIPEX)' is a program for monitoring the ocean circulation variability between Pacific and Indian Oceans and for improving the accuracy of future climate forecasting. The main goal of the TIPEX program is to quantify the climate and ocean circulation change between the Indian and the Pacific Oceans. The contents of the program are 1) to observe the mixing process of different water masses and water transport in the eastern Indian and the western Pacific, 2) to understand the large-scale oceanic-climatic variation including El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)/Warm Pool/Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)/Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and 3) to monitor the biogeochemical processes, material flux, and biological changes due to the climate change. In order to effectively carry out the monitoring program, close international cooperation and the proper co-work sharing of tasks between China, Japan, Indonesia, and India as well as USA is required.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2004

Surface energy and $CO_2$ fluxes have been measured over an ocean at Ieodo Ocean Research Station of KORDI since May 2003. Eddy covariance technique, which is a direct flux measurement, is used to quantitatively understand the interaction between the ocean surface and the atmospheric boundary layer. Although fluxes were continuously measured during the period from May 2003 to February 2004, the quality control of these data yielded <20% of data retrieval. The atmospheric stability did not show any distinct dirunal patterns and remained near-neutral to stable from May to June but mostly unstable during fall and winter in 2003. Sensible heat flux showed a good correlation with the difference between the sea water temperature and the air temperature. The maximum fluxes of sensible heat and latent heat were $120Wm^{-2}$ and $350Wm^{-2}$ respectively, with an averaged Bowen ratio of 0.2. The ocean around the tower absorbed $CO_2$ from the atmosphere and the uptake rates showed seasonal variations. Based our preliminary results, the daytime $CO_2$ flux was steady with an average of $-0.1 mgCO_2m^{-2}s^{-1}$ in summer and increased in winter. The nighttime $CO_2$ uptake was greater and fluctuating, reaching up to $-0.1 mgCO_2m^{-2}s^{-1}$ but these data require further examination due to weak turbulent mixing at nighttime. The magnitude of $CO_2$ flux was positively correlated with the half hourly changes in horizontal mean wind speed. Due to the paucity of quality data, further data collection is needed for more detailed analyses and interpretation.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.506-511
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• 2006

$Zn(NO_3)_2{\cdot}6H_2O$, 수산화나트륨, cyclohexylamine, 에탄올, 물이 혼합된 용액을 수열합성하여 ZnO 나노로드를 합성하고, 합성한 물질의 이산화 질소$(NO_2)$와 일산화 탄소(CO)에 대한 감응특성을 조사하였다. 혼합 용액에 첨가되는 물의 양을 변화시켜 ZnO 나노로드의 형상과 응집현상을 조절할 수 있었다. 이는 물과 cyclohexylamine의 반응에 의해 발생되는 $OH^-$ 이온의 농도변화에 의한 것으로 해석된다. 물의 함량이 낮을 때에는 뭉쳐진 성게모양의 ZnO 나노로드를, 물의 함량이 많을 때에는 잘 분산된 ZnO 나노로드를 각각 합성할 수 있었다. 잘 분산된ZnO 나노로드는 공기 중에서 50 ppm 의 CO에 노출되었을 때 주목할 만한 반응을 보이지 않는 반면, 1 ppm 의 $NO_2$에 노출되었을 때에는 저항이 1.8배 증가하였다. 이러한 선택적 반응을 보이는 ZnO 나노로드는 자동차용 자동환기 시스템의 핵심부품인 매연센서의 감응물질로 사용될 수 있다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.306-309
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• 2007

Japanese Ocean Flux Data Sets with Use of Remote Sensing Observations (J-OFURO) includes global ocean surface heat flux data derived from satellite data and are used in many studies related to air-sea interaction. Recently latent heat flux data version 2 was constructed in J-OFURO. In version 2 many points are improved compared with version 1. A bulk algorithm used for estimation of latent heat flux is changed from Kondo (1975) to COASRE 3.0(Fairall et al., 2005). In version 1 we used NCEP reanalysis data (Reynolds and Smith, 1994) as SST data. However, the temporal resolution of the data is weekly and considerably low. Recently there are many kinds of global SST data because we can obtain SST data using a microwave radiometer sensor such as TRMM/MI and Aqua/AMSR-E. Therefore, we compared many SST products and determined to use Merged satellite and in situ data Global Daily (MGD) SST provided by Japan Meteorological Agency. Since we use wind speed and specific humidity data derived from one DMSP/SSMI sensor in J-OFURO, we obtain two data at most one day. Therefore, there may be large sampling errors for the daily-mean value. In order to escape this problem, multi-satellite data are used in version 2. As a result we could improve temporal resolution from 3-days mean value in version 1 to daily-mean value in version 2. Also we used an Optimum Interpolation method to estimate wind speed and specific humidity data instead of a simple mean method. Finally the data period is extended to 1989-2004. In this presentation we will introduce latent heat flux data version 2 in J-OFURO and comparison results with other surface latent heat flux data such as GSSTF2 and HOAPS etc. Moreover, we will present validation results by using buoy data.

• 대기
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.561-570
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• 2023

In order to improve the predictability of marine high-impacts weather such as typhoon and high waves, the marine observation network is an essential because it could be rapidly changed by strong air-sea interaction. In this regard, the National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Korea Meteorological Administration (NIMS/KMA) has promoted the Argo float observation program since 2001 to participate in the International Argo program. In this study, current status and future direction of the NIMS/KMA Argo program are presented through the internal meeting and external expert forum. To date, a total of 264 Argo floats have been deployed into the offshore around the Korean Peninsula and the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. The real-time and delayed modes quality control (QC) system of Argo data was developed, and an official regional data assembling center (call-sign 'KM') was run. In 2002, the Argo homepage was established for the systematic management and dissemination of Argo data for domestic and international users. The future goal of the NIMS/KMA Argo program is to improve response to the marine high-impacts weather through a marine environment monitoring and observing system. The promotion strategy for this is divided into four areas: strengthening policy communication, developing observation strategies, promoting utilization research, and activating international cooperation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.28-28
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• 1995

The aim of the present study is to investigate the interannual variabilities of the East Asia monsoon rainfall associated with the global sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA). For this study, the summer rainfall(from June to August) over the twenty-eight period of 1961-1988 were analyzed with being divided by nine-subregions over East Asia including Korea, China and Japan. From the analysis of the principal modes explaining the interannual variation, the interannual variabilities of summer rainfalls in South Japan and Korea are larger than those of the other subregions of the East Asia. There is a strong negative correlation between the summer rainfalls of south China and Korea. In this study, the relationship between the summer monsoon of each subregion and SSTs of the tropical NINO regions, of western Pacific warm pool, and of the subtropical ocean were investigated. The longitudinal sections of the lagged cross correlations of the summer rainfal1 anomaly in (a) Korea and (b) south China, and the monthly SSTA in the equatorial(averaged from 65 to 6N) Pacific were analyzed. The negative maximum correlation pattems of Korea''s stammer rainfal1 and SSTs over the eastern Pacific is transfered to positive maximum conrlation over central Pacific region with a biennial periodicity. In South China, the significant positive correlations are found at -12 month lag over the eastern Pacific and maximum negative correlation at 16 month lag over the central Pacific with the quasi-biennial oscillation. But the correlation coefficient reverses completely to that in Korea. In order to investigate the most prevailing interannual variability of rainfall related to the favored SSTA region, the lagged cross correlations between East Asia rainfall and SSTs over the moO regions(NINO 1+2(0-105, 90W-80W), NINO 3(5N-5S, 150W-90W), NINO 4(5N-5S, 160E-l50W) and the western Pacific worm pool (5N-5S, 120E-l60E) were analyzed. Among the lagged cross-correlation cycles in NINO regions, the maximum correlations for the negative lagged months prevail in NINO 1+2 and NINO 3, and the cross correlations for the positive lagged months NINO 4. It is noteworthy that correlation between the western Pacific warm pool SSTA and the monsoon rainfall in Korea and South China have the maximum value at negative 4 month lag. The evolution of the correlation between the East Asia monsoon rainfall and SSTA is linked to the equatorial convective cluster and related to northward propagating situation, and raising the possibility that the East Asia monsoon precipitation may be more fundamentally related to the interaction of intraseasonal oscillations and the sub-regional characteristics including the surface boundary conditions and the behavior of climatological air mass.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.413-426
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• 1995

The aim of the present study is to investigate the interannual variabilities of the East Asia monsoon rainfall associated with the global sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA). For this study, the summer rainfall(from June to August) over the twenty-eight period of 1961-1988 were analyzed with being divided by nine-subregions over East Asia including Korea, China and Japan. From the analysis of the principal modes explaining the interannual variation, the interannual variabilities of summer rainfalls in South Japan and Korea are larger than those of the other subregions of the East Asia. There is a strong negative correlation between the summer rainfalls of south China and Korea. In this study, the relationship between the summer monsoon of each subregion and SSTs of the tropical NINO regions, of western Pacific warm pool, and of the subtropical ocean were investigated. The longitudinal sections of the lagged cross correlations of the summer rainfal1 anomaly in (a) Korea and (b) south China, and the monthly SSTA in the equatorial(averaged from 65 to 6N) Pacific were analyzed. The negative maximum correlation pattems of Korea's stammer rainfal1 and SSTs over the eastern Pacific is transfered to positive maximum conrlation over central Pacific region with a biennial periodicity. In South China, the significant positive correlations are found at -12 month lag over the eastern Pacific and maximum negative correlation at 16 month lag over the central Pacific with the quasi-biennial oscillation. But the correlation coefficient reverses completely to that in Korea. In order to investigate the most prevailing interannual variability of rainfall related to the favored SSTA region, the lagged cross correlations between East Asia rainfall and SSTs over the moO regions(NINO 1+2(0-105, 90W-80W), NINO 3(5N-5S, 150W-90W), NINO 4(5N-5S, 160E-l50W) and the western Pacific worm pool (5N-5S, 120E-l60E) were analyzed. Among the lagged cross-correlation cycles in NINO regions, the maximum correlations for the negative lagged months prevail in NINO 1+2 and NINO 3, and the cross correlations for the positive lagged months NINO 4. It is noteworthy that correlation between the western Pacific warm pool SSTA and the monsoon rainfall in Korea and South China have the maximum value at negative 4 month lag. The evolution of the correlation between the East Asia monsoon rainfall and SSTA is linked to the equatorial convective cluster and related to northward propagating situation, and raising the possibility that the East Asia monsoon precipitation may be more fundamentally related to the interaction of intraseasonal oscillations and the sub-regional characteristics including the surface boundary conditions and the behavior of climatological air mass.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.258-271
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• 2010

방조제 완공 후 반폐쇄형 하구호 특성을 가지는 새만금호의 동수역학 및 수질변화를 이해하기 위하여 EFDC 모형에 상세격자를 적용한 수치모의를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구의 제한사항을 개선하고 배수갑문의 운영을 고려하였으며 수체-저질/대기간의 3상 모의가 수행되었다. Lagrangian 입자추적모의를 통해 새만금호 내부의 혼합이 갑문운영에 따른 영향보다는 만경·동진강의 하천유량에 지배되고 있음을 확인하였다. 방조제 완공 후 해수소통이 저하되면서 동진 유입부에서는 표층과 저층간 DO 농도 차이가 유발되며, 정체된 인공호 특성상 SOD도 호내빈산소 현상을 유발시켜 수질을 저해시키는 요인으로 작용하는 것이 확인되었다. 부영양화 상태를 나타내는 TSI 평가에 따르면 만경수로에서는 끝물막이 전·후에 상관없이 부영양화 가능성이 높게 나타나며, 동진수로에서는 방조제 완공 이후에 부영양화 발생 가능성이 높게 평가되었다. 배수갑문 운영과 연계된 수치모의 결과에 따르면 무작위적인 갑문운영이 내부 수질에 영향을 미치는 유의할만한 차이를 확인 할 수 있었다. 따라서 내부 개발 방안에 따른 최적의 수질확보에는 적절한 갑문운영이 수질관리에 중요한 인자로 작용한다.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2011

The recent global warming may be estimated to give lots of impacts to the human society and biosphere of influencing climate change included by the natural climate variations through the human activity which can directly and/or indirectly play a major role of total atmospheric composition overall. Therefore it currently appears evidences such as hot wave, typhoon, and biosphere disturbance, etc. over the several regions to be influenced by global warming due to increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere through inducing forest destruction, fossil fuel combustion, greenhouse gases emission, etc. since industrial revolution era. Through the working group report of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) for climate change was analyzed by the individual country's current status and figure out the important issues and problems related to the future trend of climate change science with advanced countries preparedness and research, In this study, the first working group report of IPCC focuses on those aspects of the current understanding of the physical science of climate change that are judged to be most relevant to policymakers. As this report was assessed and analyzed by including the progress of climate change science, the role of climate models and evolution in the treatment of uncertainties. This consists of the changes in atmospheric constituents(both aerosols and gases) that affect the radiative energy balance in the atmosphere and determine the Earth's climate, considering the interaction between biogeochemical cycles that affect atmospheric constituents and climate change, including aerosol/cloud interactions, the extensive range of observations snow available for the atmosphere and surface, for snow, ice, and frozen ground and for the oceans, respectively and changes in sea level, the paleoclimate perspective and assessment of evidence for past climate change and the extension, the ways in which physical processes are simulated in climate models and the evaluation of models against observed climate, the development plans and methods of improving expert and building manpower urgently and R&D fund expansion in detail for climate change science in Korea will be proposed.