• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제10권E호
• /
• pp.343-356
• /
• 1994

In this study, a statistical investigation was carried out for the evaluation of any relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHss) associated with ambient aerosols and other air quality parameters under varying meteorological conditions. Daily measurements for PAHs and air quality/meteorological parameters were selected from a data-base constructed by a comprehensive air monitoring in London during 1985-1987. Correlation coefficients were calculated to examine any significant relationship between the PAHs and other individual variables. Statistical analysis was further Performed for the air quality/meteorological data set using a principal component analysis to derive important factors inherent in the interactions among the variables. A total of six components were identified, representing vehicle emission, photochemical activity/volatilization, space heating, atmospheric humidity, atmospheric stability, and wet deposition. It was found from a stepwise multiple regression analysis that the vehicle emission component is overall the most important factor contributing to the variability of PAHs concentrations at the monitoring site. The photochemical activity/volatilzation component appeared to be also an important factor particularly for the lower molecular weight PAHs. In general, the space heating component was found to be next important factor, while the contributions of other three components to the variance of each PAHs did not appear to be as much important as the first three components in most cases. However, a consistency for these components in their negative correlations with PAHs data was found, indicating their roles in the depletion of PAHs concentrations in the urban atmosphere.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.410-419
• /
• 2009

Generally, air pollutant emission at workplace is estimated by two methods: indirect methods using emission factors and direct methods based on CEMS (Continuous Emission Monitoring System). CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) is a representative indirect method and the national air pollutant database of Korea. However, characteristics of some workplaces may create a gap between CAPSS and CEMS data. For improving of emission data accuracy, emission data of CEMS (named CleanSYS) equipped at 138 target workplaces were compared with those of CAPSS. As a result, $SO_x$ and $PM_{10}$ emission levels obtained by CAPSS were lower than those of CleanSYS. $SO_x$ and $PM_{10}$emission ratios were 61.5% and 71.2% lower respectively, showing the biggest gaps. On the other hand, $NO_x$ emission of CAPSS was higher by 10.4%. $SO_x$ showed the biggest difference in 'Energy industry combustion' and $NO_x$ did in 'Production Process' within the SCC category. $PM_{10}$ presented a large gap in 'Manufacturing industry combustion.' The differences in $SO_x$ between the two systems occurred because some large-size facilities lack pollution controllers or efficient pollution controllers. Based on this study, CAPSS emission database of Korea will improve accuracy through adopting CEMS emission system, which enables more efficient national atmospheric policies and workplace management.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.381-391
• /
• 2007

The air quality modeling was carried out to assess the impact of air quality for large scale urban development. The site for the assessment is Multi-fuctional Administrative City which locates in Yeongi-gun, Chungcheongnam-do and estimated population in 2030 is 500,000. Two automatic weather monitoring stations were installed to monitor the meteorological variables for a year and upper air meteorological parameters were measured using radiosonde for 5 days with 4 hours interval in every season. The air quality of standard air pollutants were also measured for 5 days continuously in every season. The results of wind field analysis based on the site measurements and CALMET modeling showed that the valley and mountain winds were prevailed when the sypnotic wind was weak. It also showed that wind speed and directions were highly space-variable within the site basin. The variable wind characteristics implies that the Gaussian dispersion model such ISC3 and AERMOD are not appropriate and the unsteady-sate Lagrangian model such as CALPUFF is preferable. CALPUFF model was applied to assess air quality impact of new sources. The new sources were those for individual and group heating facilities as well as the traffic increases. The results showed that the estimated concentrations of CO and $SO_2$ pollutants by summing the impact concentration of new sources by the dispersion model and the ambient air concentrations by the site measurements were acceptable but those of PM-10 and $NO_2$ would violate ambient air quality standards at several locations due to high ambient air concentrations. It is recommended that the emission reductions near the site should be enforced to improve the ambient air quality.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 사물인터넷(IoT) 센서를 이용해 실내공기질에 주요한 영향을 미치는 미세먼지, 초미세먼지, 이산화탄소, 유기화학물과 온도, 습도 데이터를 실시간으로 수집/분석할 수 있는 실시간 실내공기질 모니터링 서비스를 클라우드 플랫폼으로 구현하였다. 이를 실내공기 정화시설인 청정환기장치와 연동하여 실시간 실내공기질 상태에 따라 환기장치 최적관리할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 플랫폼은 청정환기장치 내외부에 장착된 실내공기질 측정 센서로부터 실시간으로 데이터를 수집하는 IoT 데이터 수집부, 수집된 데이터를 클라우드 환경에서 가공/처리/적재하는 클라우드 데이터 처리부, 적재된 빅데이터를 분석하고 공기질 현황을 웹과 모바일에 시각화하여 보여주는 데이터 분석 서비스부로 구성된다. 그리고 이러한 플랫폼의 가동과 효과를 검증하기 위해 공기질에 민감한 영유아의 교육 생활환경인 국공립 어린이집 교실을 대상으로 실증을 실시하였다. 모든 분석 결과는 웹과 모바일에서 실시간으로 시각화 서비스될 수 있도록 실증 구현하였고, 환기장치의 실내공기질 개선효과는 실내공기질 측정 센서들의 측정값을 통계적으로 검증하여 공기질 개선에 기여하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.574-589
• /
• 2006

Although concentrations of hazardous air pollutants(HAPs) are very low in the atmosphere, a growing attention has been paid on such compounds due to their high toxicity and bioaccumulation potentials into human body. In order to control and manage the amount of these materials in ambient air, it is necessary to construct monitoring system of them and to know the current concentration level of HAPs above all. In this work, a wide range of HAPs has been measured in metropolitan area to recognize the present state of HAPs in this area. The measured concentration of VOCs was higher in order of Jeonnongdong, Jeongdong, and Yangsuri. The regional difference of VOCs concentration was also highest in spring. Its total VOCs was ranged from $15.17{\sim}41.45$ ppb. Benzene $0.43{\sim}2.32$ ppb showed similar concentration level with the result of previous researches in Seoul. This value is a little higher than the average concentration 0.92 ppb for national ambient air quality standards in Japan. The concentration of aldehydes in this study was lower than those of other researches. Previous works in Seoul metropolitan area showed that the concentration of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were higher than 5 ppb. The concentration of gaseous and particulate PAHs was high in order of winter, spring, and summer More than 90% of PAHs with low molecular weight such as 2-rings and 3-rings PAHs existed in gas phase. On the other hands, PAHs with high molecular weight more than 5-rings PAHs almost existed in particulate. In spring, the concentration of gaseous PAHs was 24.38 $ng/m^3$ in Jeongdong. Among the particulate PAHs, the concentrations of Naphthalene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, and Benzo(g, h, i)perylene were higher than others. Especially, the concentration of Benzo(a)pyrene, a important carcinogenic pollutant, was highest in winter 0.5 $ng/m^3$ and ranged from 0.03 to 0.3 $ng/m^3$ in spring and summer, which is lower than the monitoring result in 90's. These components were mainly originated from the vehicle exhaust or heating equipment use.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.358-365
• /
• 2016

미세먼지는 실생활과 밀접한 관련이 있으며 특히, 2014년 2월부터 대국민 환경서비스 제공의 일환으로 미세먼지 예보제를 시행중에 있어, 대기오염 측정망을 통한 미세먼지 측정자료의 신뢰성을 확보할 필요성이 대두되었다. 환경부에서는 국가 대기질 파악 및 대기정책수립을 위해 대기오염측정망(11종 506개소)을 운영 중이다. 그러나 현재 측정소 입지 선정 과정과 적합성을 확인 및 점검하는 체계가 미흡하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 GIS를 활용한 도시 공간분석을 통해 대기오염 측정시설의 적절성 및 입지 형평성 등을 평가하고자 한다. 분석 결과를 통해 향후 서울시 대기오염 측정망 설치 계획에 반영 될 수 있도록 측정망의 최적입지를 도출함을 최종 목적으로 한다.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.227-231
• /
• 2018

Indoor air pollution has become a serious issue, affecting the health and comfort of building occupants. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are among the most common indoor contaminants, and are released from numerous indoor emission sources. Among the VOCs, formaldehyde and toluene are toxic chemicals at low levels and are frequently detected indoors. Exposure to formaldehyde and toluene can irritate sensitive tissue and may increase the risk of cancer. Therefore, monitoring formaldehyde and toluene is critical for the health and comfort of residents. In addition, as human indoor activities can generate VOC gases, analysis of their influence on VOCs is needed. In this study, we compared electronic nose (E-Nose) data for formaldehyde and toluene with E-Nose data for indoor mixture gas with consideration for human indoor activities.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.528-535
• /
• 2013

Air pollution in large cities is reduced through the environmental health policies, but due to increased population and automobile, some pollutants are still a problem. These air pollutants are known to cause asthma and respiratory diseases. According to an OECD report, the number of premature deaths will increase. Hazardous air pollutants should be managed through a systematic monitoring, risk assessment, and many studies are in progress. In order to manage hazardous air pollutants, transformation of policy for the protection of human health is required. management policy through the calculation of the excess number of deaths that occur from hazardous air pollutants for the public health is necessary. Korea has put a lot of efforts for air quality, but health risk assessment should be more considered.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.157-163
• /
• 2015

To establish National Reference Method (NRM) for $PM_{2.5}$, operational performance of 5 different commercial gravimetric-based $PM_{2.5}$ measuring instruments was assessed at Bulkwang monitoring station from January 23, 2014 to February 28, 2014. First, physical properties, design, and functional performance of the instruments were assessed. Evaluation was carried out to determine whether operating method for the instruments and levels of QA/QC activities meet the data quality objectives (DQOs). To verify whether DQOs were satisfied, reproducibility of QA/QC procedures, accuracy, relative sensitivity, limit of detection, margin of error, and coefficient of determination of the instruments were also evaluated. Results of flow rate measurement of 15 candidate instruments indicated that all the instruments met performance criteria with accuracy deviation of 4.0% and reproducibility of 0.6%. Comparison of final $PM_{2.5}$ mass concentrations showed that the coefficient of determination ($R^2$) values were greater than or equal to 0.9995, and concentration gradient ranged from 0.97 to 1.03. All the instruments satisfied criteria for NRM with the estimated precision of 1.47~2.60%, accuracy of -1.90~3.00%, and absolute accuracy of 1.02~3.12%. This study found that one particular type of measuring instrument was proved to be excellent, with overall evaluation criteria satisfied.

• International Journal of Safety
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.10-13
• /
• 2009

In this study, a framework for web-based information system in VDN environment for safety and health monitoring in subway stations is suggested. Since physical variables that describing safety and health need to be closely monitored in multiple locations in subway stations, concept of distributed monitoring network using wireless media needs to be implemented. Connecting remote wireless sensor network and device (LonWorks) networks to the IP network based on the concept of VDN can provide a powerful, integrated and distributed monitoring performance, making a web-based information system possible.