• 지적과 국토정보
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.169-181
• /
• 2016

2014년 한국의 주소체계는 지번기반에서 도로명기반으로 변화하였다. 그러나 주소좌표는 지번주소체계의 주소좌표를 그대로 사용하고 있다. 지번주소 좌표는 필지의 중심에 위치하는 반면, 도로명 주소 좌표는 도로로부터 일정한 거리에 위치한다. 따라서 도로명주소와 지번주소의 차이는 작지만 미시적 모델링에서는 결정적일수 있다. 두 좌표 그룹의 차이를 살펴보기 위해, 본 연구는 도시지역에서 대기오염 배출량을 추정하는 사례연구를 수행하였다. 도시에서는 필지의 크기가 작기 때문에 두 그룹의 자표간 거리도 작다. 따라서 미시적 대기오염 확산 모델인 CALINE4가 각 좌표에서의 대기오염 추정량의 차이를 살펴보기 위해 선정되었다. 입력자료로 서울시 영등포구의 도로들에 인접한 252개의 건물들을 대상으로 두 그룹의 좌표들이 수집되었다. 각 건물에 대해 두 개의 서로 다른 주소 좌표에 대해 대기오염량이 추정되었고, t 검증과 F 검증을 사용하여 그 값들의 통계적 차이를 검증하였다. 통계적 검증 결과 각 건물의 두 주소에 대해 추정된 대기오염량이 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있음을 보였다. 따라서 지번주소기반 좌표를 도로명주소의 좌표로 사용하면 미시적 분석에 있어서 상당한 오류를 야기할 수 있다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.457-468
• /
• 2016

Traffic-related air pollutants and particulates from diesel exhaust cause for increasing respiratory health problem. Recent epidemiologic studies have reported adverse effects of urban air pollution on various aspects of respiratory health. Bus or truck terminal workers have high probability of exposure to diesel exhaust particle than general office worker. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between pulmonary function of people who working at the high-density area of diesel vehicles and pulmonary function of people who working at general office in Seoul. So, this study explored the effects on people with exposure to diesel traffic or exposure to diesel traffic, through the pulmonary function test (PFT). There were significant difference in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$) between high-exposure group and control. High-exposure to diesel particle were increased risk of reduction in pulmonary function in this study. These results provide the necessity additional research that manage people who working at the high-density area of diesel vehicles.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 2017

Policy direction for the management of air quality in Korea has been on the reduction of the average concentrations of the criteria air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and fine particles. However, recently, risk based management of air pollutants becomes an important issue. In this study, to develop an effective air quality management policy direction in Korea, (1) the fourth Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study (MATES IV) carried out in the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SQAQMD) in the USA is reviewed and (2) the results are compared with in these in Seoul and (3) policy directions are suggested. It was found that (1) systematic integrated study comprising of measurement, modeling, emission inventory estimation, and risk assessment was essential to estimate the health risk of air pollutants reliably, (2) cancer risk of diesel particle was dominant over other air pollutants, and (3) health risk based emissions were different from amount based emissions. It was suggested that (1) reducing the exposure from hot spots might important to reduce health risk from air pollutants and (2) an integrated air quality management administration system is important for the efficient management of air pollution.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.233-238
• /
• 2007

Objectives : We aimed to assess the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollution and lung cancer in the Republic of Korea. Methods : Using the Annual Report of Ambient Air Quality in Korea, Annual Report of National Cancer Registration, and Annual Report on the Cause of Death Statistics, we calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of lung cancer for both sexes in 74 areas from 7 Korean metropolitan cities. We performed random intercept, Poisson regression using empirical Bayes method. Results : Both SMRs and SIRs in the 7 metropolitan cities were higher in women than in men. Mean SIRs were 99.0 for males and 107.0 for females. The association between $PM_{10}$ and lung cancer risk differed according to gender. $PM_{10}$ was not associated with the risk of lung cancer in males, but both incidence and mortality of lung cancer were positively associated with $PM_{10}$ in females. The estimated percentage increases in the rate of female lung cancer mortality and incidence were 27% and 65% at the highest $PM_{10}$ category $({\geq}70\;{\mu}g/m^3)$, compared to the referent category $({\geq}50\;{\mu}g/m^3)$. Conclusions : Long-term exposure to $PM_{10}$ was significantly associated with female lung cancer incidence in 7 Korean metropolitan cities. Further study is undergoing to estimate the relative risk of $PM_{10}$ using multi-level analysis for controlling individual and regional confounders such as smoking and socioeconomic position.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.207-214
• /
• 2005

Many Japanese today are suffering from health disorders related to their living environment, such as allergies and hypersensitivity to chemical substances. The Sick House/Building Syndrome has been a serious problem since 1996, due to low level exposure to hazardous chemicals such as formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted in airtight houses. This paper aims to show current status of the syndrome in Japan and practical researches to promote prevention of, and improvement to indoor air pollution due to chemicals.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2002

Ultimate objective of industrial hygiene is the prevention of health impairment that may result from exposure to chemicals at workplace. Workers in solvent thinner-using occupation environment may be highly exposed to VOCs (volatile organic compounds) because solvent thinner has been used extensively such as painting, spraying, degreasing, coating and so on in Korea. The purpose of this study was to recognize, evaluate, and propose the control methods of VOCs from solvent thinner-using workplace. Five target volatile organic compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and m-xylene) were monitored in H company of Shiwa Industrial Complex and analyzed in perosnal, occupational indoor and outdoor during working hours simultaneously. Engineering control such as local ventilation should be made in considering the long-term exposure, though measured VOCs concentration did not exceed the workplace exposure standards. In addition, air cleaning device should be installed in local ventilation because Shiwa Industrial Complex has had the serious ambient air pollution. Currently, environmental purification using $TiO_2$ photocatalyst have attracted a great deal of attention with increasing number of recent environmental problems. In this study, $TiO_2$ sol coated on the ceramic bead was prepared by sol-gel method and the photodegradation of target compounds was investigated in gas phase by the exposure to UV-A lamp(365nm) in a batch system.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
• /
• pp.5-10
• /
• 2003

This paper explores not only emerging scientific problems but also the difficulties communicating air quality issues into an increasingly sensitive the public and policy arena. The public understanding and trust in air pollution information and indices may be very different to the notions of validity or accuracy that are important for a scientist. We operate in a world where openness requires us to reveal both the difficulties and disagreements in our understanding of the polluted atmosphere. Yet this can be confusing and increase complexity in situations where clear political and social decisions are required. I am going to examine these issues, starting with questions of what substances we regard as pollutants and the difficulties of getting the correct balance of concern given the broadening the base of chemicals emitted to the environment. There are also questions of exposure particularly in terms of vulnerable populations, who may spend large amounts of time indoors, where air is rarely monitored. In contemporary society there are pollution problems that extend far beyond urban areas and we have to consider regional issues such as windblown dusts, smoke from forest fires along with issues of the emission of green house gases and ozone depleting substances. Finally I will discuss the issues of communicating with a concerned public and sceptical politicians and the troubling interface between technological and sociological control. Such complexity is often missed in a maze of seemingly stronger political and social needs.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제19권E2호
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 2003

The material exposure tests have been carried out since 1993 to evaluate the relationship between air pollution and material corrosion with the cooperation of the researchers in Japan, China, and Korea. The test pieces such as bronze, copper, marble, and carbon steel have been exposed under both unsheltered and rain-sheltered outdoor condition separately at 18 sampling sites in East Asia. At the same time, the concentration of SO$_2$ and NO$_2$ has been measured simultaneously with passive sampler. The meteorological data were collected from the AWS (Auto-mated weather station) In each country and chemical compositions of wet deposition were also analyzed by the bulk sampling of rainfall every month. As the results, it was found that the corrosion rates of test pieces in the ambient air were appeared to be in the order of carbon steel > marble > bronze copper. The corrosion rates of test pieces in the unsheltered outdoor condition were 2.34 to 5.88 times larger than those in rain-sheltered condition. It was also found that the corrosion rate in the heavy polluted area in China was the highest, and the corrosion rates of the metal pieces were generally proportional to SO$_2$ concentration. Between two sites in Korea, the test pieces at Daegu site showed higher corrosion rates that would be due to the higher SO$_2$ concentration.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국대기환경학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.254-255
• /
• 2000

일반적으로 노출 평가(exposure assessment)는 발생원과 그 발생원으로부터 배출되는 발생량의 추정에서부터 시작한다. 그리고 발생된 오염물질의 환경중 소멸 과정(fate, chemical process) 및 이동 경로(transport, physical process) 추적 등으로 이어진다. 또한 이들 물질의 수용체인 인체나 혹은 인구 집단의 생활 행태(activity patterns)와 연결·지어 최종적으로 수용체 외부의 노출량 평가 그리고, 수용체 내부 전체 혹은 각각의 장기에서의 오염물질의 정량 등을 고찰하게 된다(Patrick, 1994). (중략)

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.425-437
• /
• 2001

This study is based on the uses meta-analysis methodology to examine the statistical consistency and importance of random variation among results of epidemiologic studies between air pollutants exposure and childhood asthma. Studies for this meta-analysis were conducted by reviewing previous results and by asking researcher active in this field for recommendations. Overall, 10 cases of air pollutants exposures and childhood asthma were reviewed. A variety of statistical methods for meta-analysis have been used to assess the combined effects, to identify heterogeneity, and to provide a single summary risk estimate based on a set of simiar epidemiologic studies. In this study, classification of exposure metircs on air environmental epidemiologic studies are reported for (1) aggravation of childhood asthma by a 50 ppb increase SO$_2$(6 individual studies); (2) aggravation of childhood asthma by a 50 ppb increase NO$_2$(5 individual studies); (3) aggravation of childhood asthma by a 50 ppb increase $O_3$(7 individual studies); (4) aggravation of childhood asthma by a 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/m$^3$increase PM$_{10}$ (4 individual studies); (5) aggravation of childhood asthma by a 1 ppm increase CO (2 individual studies); and (6) comparison of results between a Korean study results and this meta-analytic study. Results of this study indicated that an inverse-variance weighted pooling of the hospital admission risk at a 1ppm increment of CO levels was 1.12% (95% CI : 1.01 ~ 1.24). The hospital admission risk was estimated to increase 5% (95% CI : 1.02~1.08), 6%(95% CI : 1.04~1.09), and 5% (95% CI : 1.02~1.09) with each 50ppb increase of SO$_2$, NO$_2$, and $O_3$, respectively. In addition, our results lead to a small but significant elevation in risk of 2% (RR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.01~1.04) with each 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/m$^3$increase of PM$_{10}$ among 4 individual studies. We found a small elevation in risk of childhood asthma, and pooled results of 10 epidemiologic studies of childhood asthma using increase a cut-off-point levels of air pollutants showed a few pieces of evidence. The results of this meta-analysis suggested that air pollution associated with an increased incidence of childhood asthma. According to this study, relationship between exposure to air pollutants and childhood asthma in Korea seem to be high than results of this meta-analysis.sis.