• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.281-284
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• 2008

• 월간산업보건
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• 통권110호
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• pp.57-58
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• 1997

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.207-235
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• 2021

본 논문은 오존과 미세먼지 수준이 도보, 자가용, 버스, 전철의 통행시간에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 가구통행실태조사 자료와 SUR 모형을 이용하여 분석한 결과, 대기오염 농도가 높아질수록 자가용 통행시간이 증가하고, 버스의 통행시간이 감소하는 것으로 나타난다. 그러나 대기오염 경보가 발령되면 버스의 통행시간이 증가하는 공익적 행위가 일부 나타나지만, 자가용의 통행시간이 증가하거나 변화가 없고, 전철의 통행시간이 증가하지 않는 것으로 나타난다. 이는 경보의 발령으로 제공되는 정보가 배출 저감을 위한 통행행태 변화보다는 오염상황에의 노출을 줄이는 회피행동에 더 큰 영향을 미쳤음을 시사한다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2013

Scientific evidence shows that ambient air quality is one of the major environmental issues related to human health. The aim of this paper was to provide quantitative data on the short-term impact of air pollution on the mortality and morbidity of people living in Suwon city. There are some studies that have conducted health impacts of the air pollution in Seoul, Korea. However, there are few studies of the health effects on air pollution conducted in satellite cities of the Seoul Metropolitan area. For this reason, we investigated the health effects of air pollution in Suwon city, one of the highly populated satellite cities of Seoul. In order to estimate the short-term mortality impact of air pollution, this study applied the approach suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO), using AirQ2.2.3 software. Daily concentrations of $PM_{10}$, $O_3$, $NO_2$, and $SO_2$ were used to assess human exposure and health effects, in terms of attributable proportion of the health outcome, annual number of excess cases of mortality for all causes, and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Among the four considered air pollutants, $PM_{10}$ had the highest health impact on the 1,118,000 inhabitants of Suwon city, causing an excess of total mortality of 105 out of 4,254 in a year. Sulfur dioxide had the least health impact. Ozone and nitrogen dioxide each caused 42.7 and 81.3 excess cases of total mortality in a year. The results are also in line with those of other international studies that apply AirQ software.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2014

Recent episodes of severe air pollution in eastern Asia have been reported in the scientific literature and news media. Therefore, there is growing concern about the systemic effects of air pollution on human health. Along with the other well-known harmful effects of air pollution, recently, several animal models have provided strong evidence that air pollutants can induce liver toxicity and act to accelerate liver inflammation and steatosis. This review briefly describes examples where exposure to air pollutants was involved in liver toxicity, focusing on how particulate matter (PM) or carbon black (CB) may be translocated from lung to liver and what liver diseases are closely associated with these air pollutants.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.253-257
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• 2014

Arsenic is a ubiquitous, naturally occurring metalloid that may be a significant risk factor for cancer after exposure to contaminated drinking water, cigarettes, foods, industry, occupational environment, and air. Among the various routes of arsenic exposure, drinking water is the largest source of arsenic poisoning worldwide. Arsenic exposure from ingested foods usually comes from food crops grown in arsenic-contaminated soil and/or irrigated with arsenic-contaminated water. According to a recent World Health Organization report, arsenic from contaminated water can be quickly and easily absorbed and depending on its metabolic form, may adversely affect human health. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration regulations for metals found in cosmetics to protect consumers against contaminations deemed deleterious to health; some cosmetics were found to contain a variety of chemicals including heavy metals, which are sometimes used as preservatives. Moreover, developing countries tend to have a growing number of industrial factories that unfortunately, harm the environment, especially in cities where industrial and vehicle emissions, as well as household activities, cause serious air pollution. Air is also an important source of arsenic exposure in areas with industrial activity. The presence of arsenic in airborne particulate matter is considered a risk for certain diseases. Taken together, various potential pathways of arsenic exposure seem to affect humans adversely, and future efforts to reduce arsenic exposure caused by environmental factors should be made.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2022

Public interest has been increasing the focus on the management of exposure to pollutants and the related health effects. This study reviewed exposure assessment methodologies and addressed future directions. Exposure can be assessed by direct (exposure monitoring) or indirect approaches (exposure modelling). Exposure modelling is a cost-effective tool to assess exposure among individuals, but direct personal monitoring provides more accurate exposure data. There are several population exposure models: stochastic human exposure and dose simulation (SHEDS), air pollutants exposure (APEX), and air pollution exposure distributions within adult urban population in Europe (EXPOLIS). A South Korean population exposure model is needed since the resolution of ambient concentrations and time-activity patterns are country specific. Population exposure models could be useful to find the association between exposure to pollutants and adverse health effects in epidemiologic studies. With the advancement of sensor technology and the internet of things (IoT), exposure assessment could be applied in a real-time surveillance system. In the future, environmental health services will be useful to protect and promote human health from exposure to pollutants.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.313-325
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• 1994

A cross-sectional study was conducted in an effort to investigate the effect of air pollution on respiratory symptoms. Two groups of female aged more than 20 living in the unpolluted rural area of Taebul (n=159) and urban area of Taegu (n=140) were selected. The ATS-DLD-78 questionnaire was translated into Korean and administered with minor modification. The proportion of smoker was less than 1% in both area. Exposure to smoking and higher educational level were more frequent in Taegu. Age-adjusted prevalence rates of 'chronic cough', 'chronic sputum', 'wheezing', and 'dyspnea' were higher in Taegu than in Taebul. In particular, the prevalence rate of 'chronic sputum' in Taegu was found to be higher, which was statistically significant. Exposure to smoking and education level were not concerned with all respiratory symptom prevalence rates. In conclusion, this study Indicates that an urban factor is related to the rates of respiratory symptoms in Korea.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 1991

Air pollution is directly and indirectly associated with the toxicology through the increase of mortality, the decrease of oviposition rate, and the decline of insect population, as well as the disruption of equilibria with higher or lower trophic levels. To investigate intrinsic decrease rates, oviposition period, and emerging rates of pupae of house fly under air pollution stresses, healthy individuals of Musca domestica L. were collected in the field, cultured in the laboratory for 2 $\sim$ 3 generations, and artificially exposed to $O_3 (4 ppm) in automatically controlled air pollutant fumigation chambers. Results from this study are summarized as follows: 1. Survivorship curves of both control group and exposed groups of healthy house fly to 4 ppm $O_3$ have linearly or stair-like decreasing trends of revers S-shape. 2. For cohorts exposed to 4 ppm of $O_3$, intrinsic decrease rate of cohort exposed for 2 hours significantly increases compared to that of control group, slight increases were observed for those exposed for 4 hours and 8 hours, which shows no distinct relationships between exposure period and intrinsic decrease rate. 3. While the numbers of pupae of exposed cohorts increase with the increase of exposure period, emerging rate shows a distinct decrease. 4. The relationships between emerging rate (E) of pupae and the exposure period (T) for cohorts exposed to 4 ppm of $O_3$ are expressed with the equation, E (%)=21.027 - 7.942 ln (T).

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2001

A report by the National Research Council in the United States suggested that many lung cancer deaths each year are associated with breathing radon in indoor air. Most of the indoor radon comes directly from soil beneath the basement of foundation. Recently, radon released from groundwater is found to contribute to the total inhalation risk from indoor air. This study presents the assessment of a exposure to radon released from the groundwater into indoor air. At first, a 3-compartment model is describe the transfer and distribution if radon released from groundwater in a house through showering, washing clothes, and flushing toilets. The model is used to estimate a daily human exposure through inhalation of such radon for adults based on two sets of exposure scenarios, Finally, a sensitivity analysis is used to identify important parameters. The results obtained from the study would help to increase the understanding of risk assessment issues associated with the indoor radon released from groundwater.