• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 1998

The feasibility of foam separation to remove protein in aquacultural recirculating water was investigated. From the results of batch foam separation on protein removal, superficial air velocity and initial protein concentration in bulk solution were found to be important operational factors In determining removal rates of protein. The protein removal rate by batch foam separation was proportionally increased with the superficial air velocity. Performance characteristics of continous foam separator were highly dependent upon the operating parameters of superficial air velocity, hydraulic retention time(HRT) and foam height. Removal effeciency of protein increases with increasing superficial air velocity and HRT, and independent on foam height. As DO concentration was increased with superficial air velocity, foam separator is also used for oxygen addition. It could be confinned that foam separator might offer better perspective for protein removal in aquacuitural recirculating water.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2012

본 연구는 압축공기포 소화설비의 소화성능을 평가하기 위해 포헤드 설비를 이용하여 실험을 진행 하였다. 압축공기포 소화설비는 포수용액에 압축공기를 혼입하여 포를 발생시키는 방식으로 해외에서는 원거리 방수가 가능하고 물 사용량을 줄여 수손피해를 최소화할 수 있는 압축공기포 소화설비(CAFS: Compressed Air Foam System)가 많이 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 UL162 기준으로 수성막포 3 % 포 소화약제를 적용하여 기존의 공기 혼입 방식에 의한 포 소화설비와 압축공기포 소화설비간 비교 실험을 통하여 소화 성능 효과를 비교 분석하였다. 압축공기포 소화설비의 공기 혼입 비율은 포 수용액과 1 : 1의 부피 비율로 하였으며 발포유량은 각각 140 L/min, 160 L/min, 180 L/min, 200 L/min으로 변화를 주면서 소화효과를 검증하였다. 그 결과 소화 성능면에서는 압축공기포 소화설비가 공기 혼입 방식보다 모든 유량 조건에서 소화시간이 빠르게 나타났다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2003

The performance of a foam fractionator to remove TAN, $NO_2,\;NO_3$, TSS, protein, and $PO_4-P$ at different superficial air velocities and foam overflow heights was evaluated in a lab-scale seawater recirculating system for culture of Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). The foam overflow rates increased with the increase of superficial air velocities, but decreased with the increase of foam overflow heights. Concentrations of all the water quality variables in the foam condensates increased with the increase of foam overflow height, but decreased with the increase of superficial air velocities. TSS, protein, and phosphate enrichment factors were within the range of 6.4-39.4, 1.6-7.3 and 1.2-3.9, respectively. Low values of TAN, $NO_2,\;and\;NO_3$ enrichment factors were obtained and they indicate that foam fractionation is rot an effective way to remove dissolved inorganic nitrogen. The calculated maximum daily removal values for TSS and protein were 10.9 and 1.4g, respectively.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2005

A characteristic of discharge for a foam spray nozzle with various parameters was investigated. The discharge patterns from a fire foam spray nozzle are important to evenly spray over a maximum possible floor area. Two parameters of a foam spray nozzle were chosen, and compared with those from the standard one. Also, in order to evaluate the performance of discharged foam agents used to protect structures from heat and fire damages, the thermal characteristics of fire-protection foams were experimentally investigated. A simple repeatable test for fire-protection foams subjected to fire radiation was developed. This test involves foam generation equipment, a fire source for heat generation, and data acquisition techniques. Results show that the bubble size of foam is increased by large inside diameter of orifice or closed air hole, but phenomenon of discharge angle and expansion ratio is opposite. For the case of the open air hole, liquid film of a circular cone discharges with formation, growth, split and fine grain. In case of the closed air hole, a pillar of foam solution discharges with that. Though the temperature gradient in the foam increases with increased foam expansion ratio. it is not change with increased intensity of heat flux.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2001

Experiment were carried out to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of an aluminum foam block as a porous heat sink on a heat source by a vertical air jet impingement that can be applied for electronics cooling. The performance of the aluminum foam heat sink was evaluated by the convective heat transfer coefficient on the heat source. At a fixed porosity, pore density ($\beta$) of the foam and Reynolds number Re were varied in the range of $\beta$a=10, 20, 40 PPI(Pore Per Inch) and $850\leqRe\leq25000$. A nozzle diameter and the nozzle-to-plate spacing were also varied. It was found that the convective heat transfer was enhanced by the aluminum foam heat sink with lower pore density due to relatively intensified flow through the foam block. The aluminum foam block with much reduced weight shows slightly better performance with larger Nusselt number, compared with the convectional heat sink.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2003

In a simulated seawater aquaculture system, effects of different operating factors like the superficial air velocity (SAY), hydraulic residence time (HRT), protein concentration and foam overflow height on the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) by a foam fractionator, with 20 cm diameter and 120 cm height, were investigated. This experiment was performed on batch and consecutive modes for different combinations of the tested factors, using synthetic wastewater. In 5 consecutive trials, TSS concentration in culture tank water decreased faster, when the foam fractionator was operated at higher SAV and lower HRT. In batch trials, with increasing SAV, TSS removal rate increased, but decreased with increasing HRT. Higher protein concentration in the bulk solution resulted in higher TSS removal rate. TSS concentration in the collected foam condensates increased but the foam overflow rate decreased with increasing foam overflow height. Foam fractionation was effective for removing TSS in seawater aquaculture systems and its performance largely depended on the operating parameters, especially superficial air velocity.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2015

Cellular foamed insulation such as polyurethane foam ages and degrades the thermal conductivity. Aging of foam is a result from the diffusion of gases, initially consisting of $CO_2$ but eventually replaced by air from the environment. The variation of the cell gas content with time is primarily influenced by the increase of thermal conductivity of the cellular foam. The weight of foam also changes as the gas diffuses and exchanges. In this study, a weight measurement method has been proposed to evaluate the effective diffusion coefficients of $CO_2$ and Air, $D_{CO2}=7.08504E-11$ and $D_{air}=4.86086E-12$, respectively and are compared with the gas analysis method.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2018년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.112-113
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• 2018

The present feasible tests are to develop the lightweight concrete using bottom ash aggregates and performed air foam for applying to sustainable high-insulation panel. The main variables investigated are water-to-binder, foam volume ratio, and curing conditions. Test results showed that the lightweight concrete possessed the compressive strength of 5~9 MPa at the air dry density of 951~1,139 kg/m3.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2013

본 연구는 압축공기를 포수용액(수성막포 3%)에 주입하여 발포하는 압축공기포 소화설비에서 가압 공기 혼입 비율에 따른 소화성능을 평가하고자 하였다. 실험장치는 캐나다국립연구소 및 UL162 기준을 준용하여 제작한 압축공기포전용의 포소화설비 실험장치를 활용하였으며, 소화모형은 소화약제의 형식승인 및 제품검사의 기술기준에 의한 유류화재(B급) 20단위 모형을 적용하였다. 압축공기는 공기혼합기를 통하여 주입하였으며, 공기포비를 1 : 4, 1 : 7, 1 : 10으로 증가시키면서 경향성을 연구하였다. 또한 공기포비 1 : 4에서 합성계면활성제포와 수성막포의 비교 실험도 함께 진행하였다. 소화 성능실험 결과 동일한 방출유량 조건에서 수성막포는 공기포비 1 : 7에서 소화효과가 가장 빠르게 나타났으며 공기포비 1 : 10에서 가장 소화시간이 길게 나타났다. 또한 수성막포와 합성계면활성제포간 비교 실험에서는 수성막포의 소화효과가 더 빠르게 나타났다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 1999

Effective thermal conductivities and pressure-drop-related properties of aluminum foam metals have been measured. The effects of porosity and cell size in the aluminum foam metal are investigated in detail. The porosity of the foam metal, considered in the present study, varies from 0.89 to 0.96 and the cell size from 0.65㎜ to 2.5㎜. The effective thermal conductivity is evaluated by comparing the temperature gradient of the foam metal with that of the thermal conductivity-known material. The pressure drop in the foam metal is measured by a highly precise electric manometer while air is flowing through the aluminum foam metal in the channel. The results obtained indicate that the effective thermal conductivities are found to be increased with a decrease in the porosity while the effective thermal conductivities ire little affected by the cell size at a fixed porosity. However, the pressure drop is strongly affected by the cell size as well as the porosity. It is seen that the pressure drop is increased as the cell size becomes smaller, as expected. The minimum pressure drop is obtained in the porosity 0.94 at a fixed cell size. A new correlation of the pressure drop is proposed based on the permeability and Ergun's coefficient for the aluminum foam metal.