• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 1978

It is well known that the aluminizing steel is excellent in corrosion resistance and heat resistance. Therefore it has been used as boiler parts, heat exchanger parts and guide rails which are used under comparatively simple conditions. Recently, it has been noticed that aluminizing steel has high resistance to various atmosphere, high temperature oxidation and seawater resistance. So its usage has been extended widely to the production of parts such as intake and exhaust valve of internal combustion engine, turbine blade and pipelines On ships which required such properties. It is considered that aluminium coated steel is excellent in wear resistance because of high hardness on main ingredient FezAIs of Fe-AI alloy layer existed in diffusion coating layer. And it will beused as a new material taking wear resitance with seawater resistance in marine field. However it is difficult to findout any report concering the wear behaviors or properties of alum in izing steel. In this study the experiment was carried out under the condition of rolling-sliding contact using an Amsler-type wear testing machine at 0.80, 0.91, 1. 10, 1. 25% of slip ratio and 55.43, 78.38, 110.85 kg/mm^2 of Hertz's contact stress in run-in period for the purpose of service-ability test of aluminizing steel as a wear resisting material and obtaining the available design data. The followings are the obtained results from the experimen tal study; 1) The 2nd diffusion material has most excellent wear resistance. This material has brought out about 18% decrease of wear weight in a lower friction load level and 40~G decrease in a higher level comparing to the raw material. 2) Satisfactory effect of wear resistivity cannot be much expected in 2nd diffusion specimens. This is considered due to the formation of fine void in the alloy layer near the boundary to the aluminium layer. 3) Fracture on friction surface of aluminizing steel by the rolling-sliding contact is spalling, and spalling crack occurres initially beneath the specimen surface near the boundary in diffusion coating layer.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.478-485
• /
• 2006

The treatments of Tteokgalbi studied were: control (no antioxidants); (T1) ethanol extracts of Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD (5%); (T2) ascorbic acid (0.06%); (T3) ascorbic acid (0.03%) + ethanol extracts of B. polyfermenticus SCD (2.5%). The pH of T1, T2, and T3 samples was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the control for up to 3 days of storage. Thereafter T1, T2 and T3 had a significantly higher (p<0.05) pH value than the control during storage. TBA values were significantly lower (p<0.05) in all treated samples relative to the control. The TBA value of the control rapidly increased after 6 days of storage, whereas the TBA values of the test samples did not sharply increase. T3 samples treated with vitamin C and Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD had a higher TBA value than T1 and T2 samples. The VBN values of T1, T2 and T3 sampleswere lower than that of the control (p>0.05). VBN values of the ground pork meat samples significantly increased (p<0.05) with storage time. The total microbial counts of each sample significantly increased with storage time (p<0.05). The $a^*$ values of T1 and T3 samples containing added vitamin C were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the control and T2 samples during storage. The $b^*$ value of T2 samples was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of other ground pork meat products during storage.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.304-314
• /
• 2002

A survey was conducted from September 15 to December 15 2001. Structured questionnaires were mailed to school nurses in 607 elementary schools around the country in order to determine the current status of anti-smoking education in elementary schools. The result were as followers 1. Of the 607 schools, 535 $(88.1\%)$ offered smoking-prevention education. By region, Jeju-do $(100\%)$ topped the list, followed by Seoul $(90.3\%)$, Gyeongsang-do$(90.2\%)$, Jeolla-do$(88.9\%)$, Gangwon-do $(87.8\%)$, Chungcheong-do $(84.6\%)$, and Gyeonggi-do $(81.4\%)$. 'Recognition of the need for anti-smoking program $(86\%)$' was a major motivation for initiating the program, while 'too much workload $(46.4\%)$' was cited as a main reason for the failure to do so. 2. The classes were offered mostly for 6th-grade students $(87.8\%)$, while $9.0\%$ and $2.0\%$ were implemented at 5th- and 4th- grades, respectively. 3. $49.1\%$ of the classes offered lasted one hour, while $31.8\%$ involved a two-hour program. 4. Programs were mainly about smoking-related diseases, habitual nature of smoking, impediment to growth and development, etc. 5. Audio-visual lecture $(46.5\%)$ was most frequently used as a method of education, followed by lecture. 6. $72.7\%$ of the programs used classroom as a unit of education, while collective education by sex or by grade accounted for $22.6\%$. 7. Video $(51.0\%)$ was the most popular medium for education, while computer ranked second with $26.5\%$. 8. $92.5\%$ of the education was offered by school nurses. 9. $99.2\%$ of school nurses responded in favor of anti-smoking programs. with $60.1\%$ of them answering that such education is a must. 5th grade was the most commonly cited grade for the initiation of the programs, followed by 4th grade and 6th grade. $33.2\%$ picked two hours as the most appropriate length of the program at the elementary school level. while $25.1\%$ chose 3 hours out of the range of 1-11 hour(s). 10. With regard to the evaluation by school nurses on smoking-prevention program, more than $30\%$ felt that hours of education, education materials, medium of education, interests of other teachers, interests of school authorities, etc. were inadequate or insufficient.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.192-201
• /
• 2006

There are considerable controversies in the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. By 1997, early operation, routine chest tube on the ipsilateral side and maintainingrespiratory alkalosis by hyperventilation were our principles (period I). With a transition period from 1998 to 1999, delayed operation with sufficient resuscitation, without routine chest tube, and permissive hypercapnia were adopted as our practice. High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) and nitric oxide (NO) were applied, if necessary, since year 2000(period II). Sixty-seven cases of neonatal Bochdalek hernia from 1989 to 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 33 and 34 cases in period I and II, respectively. The neonatal survival rates were 60.6 % and 73.5 %, respectively, but the difference was not significant. In period I, prematurity, low birth weight, prenatal diagnosis, inborn, and associated anomalies were considered as the significant poor prognostic factors, all of which were converted to nonsignificant in period II. In summary, improved survival was not observed in later period. The factors considered to be significant for poor prognosis were converted to be nonsignificant after change of the management principle. Therefore, we recommend delayed operation after sufficient period of stabilization and the avoidance of the routine insertion of chest tube. The validity of NO and HFOV needs further investigation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.20
• /
• pp.8651-8656
• /
• 2014

Purpose: To study the expression of angiogenin-2 (Ang-2) and its receptor Tie-2 in colorectal cancer and discuss the possible mechanisms behind this process. Materials and Methods: Using the streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemical method, paraffin sections from 100 colorectal cancer samples and 10 samples from tumor-adjacent normal tissue (> 2 cm from the edge of the gross tumor) were tested for protein expression of Ang-2, Tie-2, PI3K, and AKT. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blots were further used to measure expression of the 4 genes and proteins in 20 freshly-resected colorectal cancer samples and tumor-adjacent normal tissues. Results: In colorectal cancer tissues, the expression of the Ang-2, Tie-2, PI3K, and AKT genes and their proteins was significantly higher than in tumor-adjacent normal tissues. Protein expression in poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma was higher than that in well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. According to Duke's classification, the protein expression in Stages C and D was significantly higher than that in Stages A and B. In the group with lymphatic metastasis, the protein expression was higher than that without lymphatic metastasis. Conclusions: In colorectal cancer, the expression of the Ang-2, Tie-2, PI3K, and AKT genes and their proteins is markedly higher than those in tumor-adjacent normal tissues. No correlation was observed between protein expression and gender, location, or histologic type. Correlations did exist between protein expression and differentiation level, stage of Duke's classification, and lymphatic metastasis; in colorectal cancer tissues with lower differentiation levels, higher stages of Duke's classification, and lymphatic metastasis, the expression of all 4 proteins was higher. The study of their expression patterns and relationships with aggression and metastasis will provide a valuable experimental foundation for assessing prognosis and targeted therapy of colorectal cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.8
• /
• pp.3581-3586
• /
• 2014

Aim: To investigate the effects of tetramethypyrazine (TMP) on proliferation and apoptosis of the human gastric carcinoma cell line 7901 and its possible mechanism of action. Methods: The viability of TMP-treated 7901 cells was measured with a 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (MTT) and cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The distribution of cells in different phases of cell cycle after exposure of TMPs was analyzed with flow cytometry. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of TMP-mediated apoptosis, the expression of NF-${\kappa}Bp65$, cyclinD1 and p16 in SGC-7901 cells was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. Results: TMP inhibited the proliferation of human gastric carcinoma cell line 7901 in dose and time dependent manners. Cell growth was suppressed by TMP at different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/ml), the inhibition rate is 0.46%, 4.36%, 14.8%, 76.1% (48h) and 15.5%, 18.5%, 41.2%, 89.8% (72h) respectively. When the concentration of TMPs was 2.0mg/ml, G1-phase arrest in the SGC-7901 cells was significant based on the data for cell cycle distribution. RT-PCR demonstrated that NF-${\kappa}Bp65$ and cyclin D1 mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated in 7901 cells treated with 2.0 mg/ml TMP for 72h (p<0.05), while the p16 mRNA level was up-regulated (p<0.05). The protein expression of NF-${\kappa}Bp65$ and cyclin D1 decreased gradually with the increase in TMP concentration, compared with control cells (p<0.05), while expression of protein p16 was up-regulated (p<0.01). Conclusion: TMP exhibits significant anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on the human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901. NF-${\kappa}Bp65$, cyclinD1 and p16 may also play important roles in the regulation mechanisms.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.2001-2006
• /
• 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic significance of EBV antibody combined detection for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in a high incidence region of southern China. Two hundred and eleven untreated NPC patients, 203 non-NPC ENT patients, and 210 healthy controls were recruited for the study. The titers of VCA/IgA and EA/IgA were assessed by immunoenzyme assay, and the levels of Rta/IgG and EBNA1/IgA were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of VCA/IgA, EA/IgA, Rta/IgG and EBNA1/IgA demonstrated no association with gender or age (p>0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve were used to evaluate the diagnostic value. The sensitivity of VCA/IgA (98.1%) and the specificity of EA/IgA (98.5%) were the highest. When a logistic regression model was used to combine the results from multiple antibodies to increase the accuracy, the combination of VCA/IgA+Rta/IgG, whose area under the curve was 0.99, had the highest diagnostic efficiency, and its sensitivity, specificity and Youden index were 94.8%, 98.0% and 0.93 respectively. The data suggest that the combination of VCA/IgA+Rta/IgG may be most suitable for NPC serodiagnosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.1961-1970
• /
• 2014

Pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) was first found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its expression has been thought to correlate with prognosis. A large number of studies have demonstrated that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial event in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and associated metastasis, resulting in enhanced malignancy of HCC. However, the roles of PKM2 in HCC EMT and metastasis remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to determine the effects of PKM2 in EGF-induced HCC EMT and elucidate the molecular mechanisms in vitro. Our results showed that EGF promoted EMT in HCC cell lines as evidenced by altered morphology, expression of EMT-associated markers, and enhanced invasion capacity. Furthermore, the present study also revealed that nuclear translocation of PKM2, which is regulated by the ERK pathway, regulated ${\beta}$-catenin-TCF/LEF-1 transcriptional activity and associated EMT in HCC cell lines. These discoveries provide evidence of novel roles of PKM2 in the progression of HCC and potential therapeutic target for advanced cases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.13
• /
• pp.5437-5442
• /
• 2014

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most malignancies with a poor prognosis. The phospholipase $C{\varepsilon}$ gene (PLCE1) encodes a novel ras-related protein effector mediating the effects of R-Ras on the actin cytoskeleton and membrane protrusion. However, molecular mechanisms pertinent to ESCC are unclear. We therefore designed PLCE1-special small interfering RNA and transfected to esophageal squamous cell (EC) 9706 cells to investigat the effects of PLCE1 gene silencing on the cell cycle and apoptosis of ESCC and indicate its important role in the development of ESCC. Esophageal cancer tissue specimens and normal esophageal mucosa were obtained and assayed by immunohistochemical staining to confirm overexpression of PLCE1 in neoplasias. Fluorescence microscopy was used to examine transfection efficiency, while the result of PLCE1 silencing was examined by reverse transcription (RT-PCR). Flow cytometry and annexin V apoptosis assays were used to assess the cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively. Expression of cyclin D1 and caspase-3 was detected by Western-blotting. The level of PLCE1 protein in esophageal cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal tissue. After transfection, the expression of PLCE1 mRNA in EC 9706 was significantly reduced, compared with the control group. Furthermore, flow cytometry results suggested that the PLCE1 gene silencing arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase; apoptosis was significantly higher than in the negative control group and mock group. PLCE1 gene silencing by RNAi resulted in decreased expression of cyclin D1 and increased expression of caspase-3. Our study suggests that PLCE1 may be an oncogene and play an important role in esophageal carcinogenesis through regulating proteins which control cell cycling and apoptosis.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.53-69
• /
• 2001

As a nursing practice involves nurses'actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives. Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal); excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, accountability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics); human respect, partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences, positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention, rewarding, peer relationship(3 theories of situations). The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore, it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to find any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions.