• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.21-46
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• 2020

Purpose - This study aims to find if the introduction of project finance perspective leads to any modification to the view of PM industry on CSFs of PPP and their relative importance rank. Design/methodology/approach - Through literature reviews, this study came up with a set of CSFs reflective of both perspectives. AHP method was applied for analysis by developing an Analytic Hierarchical Model from this set and survey questionnaires of pairwise comparison to solicit 46 qualified expert responses. Findings - This study concurs with PM industry to acknowledge 'risk allocation', 'legal framework' and 'quality of feasibility' as ones of most important CSFs. However, relative importance rank of individual CSFs goes through significant modification under this study in favor of 'sponsor commitment and quality' but against 'political environment', in particular. Research implications or Originality - Discussions on the CSFs led by PM industry have not been properly reflective of project finance perspective, which is injected into this study to cure the partiality. For researchers, findings of this study may call attention to financing perspective when they discuss CSFs of PPP. Practitioners may benefit from this study by allocating resources in view of this new finding when pursuing PPP projects.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.361-378
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• 2021

While the pavement rating system is being utilized for periodic road condition assessment in the Eastern Region municipality of Saudi Arabia, the condition assessment is costly, time-consuming, and not comprehensive as only few parts of the road are randomly selected for the assessment. Thus, this study is aimed at developing a condition assessment model for a specific sample of a residential road network in Dammam City based on an individual road and a road network. The model was developed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) according to the defect types and their levels of severity. The defects were arranged according to four categories: structure, construction, environmental, and miscellaneous, which was adopted from sewer condition coding systems. The developed model was validated by municipality experts and was adjudged to be acceptable and more economical compared to results from the Eastern region municipality (Saudi Arabia) model. The outcome of this paper can assist with the allocation of the government's budget for maintenance and capital programs across all Saudi municipalities through maintaining road infrastructure assets at the required level of services.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2022

Purpose: In this study we aim to identify factors affecting successful inter-firm collaboration. We tried to find out whether government subsidies to small-business owners should be made to experienced and competent cooperatives or to cooperatives with potential even if inexperienced. Research design, data and methodology: Using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), we examine if evaluation criteria for the Small Business Collaboration Grant (SBCG) reflect the potential of successful collaboration of applicant cooperatives. Results: We found that experts tend to think that applicant cooperatives without any experience as a recipient for the SBSG need to be evaluated by their growth potential and their preparation of the application rather than by their business performance or achievement history. The weight of the evaluation must be different between the growth potential and the achievements already achieved. By means of an expert survey, we confirmed that Rookies should weigh evaluation indicators that can reflect their growth potential, and experienced groups should give weight to evaluation indicators that can reflect their achievements. Conclusions: For SBCG applicants with experiences, experts tend to weigh more on SBCG business performances and feasible sharing systems. The screening procedure for the first applicant cooperatives need to focus more on "partner selection" stage, whereas elements related to "realization" apply to experienced applicant cooperatives.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.485-497
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• 2022

Agricultural environmental policies to reduce negative externalities and expand positive externalities became common around the world. However, literature regarding the efficient and effective implementation of agricultural environmental policies, such as optional direct payment, is limited. This study, thus, analyzes the relative importance for target selecting-criteria in order to enhance the cost-effectiveness of the Agricultural Environment Conservation Program in Korea. In this context, we conducted survey to 15 experts who are related in agricultural environment policies and analyzed survey results based on ANP method which can consider correlation between selecting criteria. The results show that, in the case field, "soil", "water", and "ecology" field have relative high importance than the other fields. Also, the relative importance for 'improving rural landscape', 'giving nutrient input moderately', and 'conserving agricultural heritage' activities is higher than the other activities. Furthermore, the relative importance among fields and activities of ANP is different from those of AHP. This result implies that it is necessary to consider the correlation between selecting criteria in order to design effectively. Finally, we suggest that in order to enhance the effectiveness of the program, it would be appropriate to assign differential points according to the importance of each activity when identifying appropriate farms.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.413-422
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• 2022

TBM is widely used in the construction of various underground projects in the current world, and has the unique advantages that cannot be compared with traditional excavation methods. However, due to the high cost of TBM, the damage is even greater when geological disasters such as collapse occur during excavation. At present, there is still a shortage of research on various types of risk prediction of TBM tunnel, and accurate and reliable risk prediction model is an important theoretical basis for timely risk avoidance during construction. In this paper, a prediction model is proposed to evaluate the risk level of tunnel collapse by establishing a reasonable risk index system, using analytic hierarchy process to determine the index weight, and using the normal cloud model theory. At the same time, the traditional analytic hierarchy process is improved and optimized to ensure the objectivity of the weight values of the indicators in the prediction process, and the qualitative indicators are quantified so that they can directly participate in the process of risk prediction calculation. Through the practical engineering application, the feasibility and accuracy of the method are verified, and further optimization can be analyzed and discussed.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

Purpose: To overcome the question that depends too much on expert's subjective judgment in traditional risk identification, this paper structure the multilevel generalized fuzzy comprehensive evaluation mathematics model of the risk identification of project, to research the risk identification of the project. Research design, data and methodology: This paper constructs the multilevel generalized fuzzy comprehensive evaluation mathematics model. Through iterative algorithm of AHP analysis, make sure the important degree of the sub project in risk analysis, then combine expert's subjective judgment with objective quantitative analysis, and distinguish the risk through identification models. Meanwhile, the concrete method of multilevel generalized fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is probed. Using the index weights to analyse project risks is discussed in detail. Results: The improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation algorithm is proposed in the paper, at first the method of fuzzy sets core is used to optimize the fuzzy relation matrix. It improves the capability of the algorithm. Then, the method of entropy weight is used to establish weight vectors. This makes the computation process fair and open. And thereby, the uncertainty of the evaluation result brought by the subjectivity can be avoided effectively and the evaluation result becomes more objective and more reasonable. Conclusions: In this paper, we use an improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate a railroad engineering project risk. It can give a more reliable result for a reference of decision making.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.245-254
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• 2022

In this study, we derived selection factors for OTT services based on previous studies and presented an hierarchy process analysis model to calculate the weights for each evaluation. To evaluate the OTT selection factors, OTT customer data was used for the analysis. The results showed that of the first stage factors of economic feasibility, system excellence, convenience, diversity, playfulness, and responsiveness, diversity is the most important. When the weights for first stage and second stage factors were synthesized, entertainment was the most important factor. Lastly, this study analyzed whether there is a difference in the weight of the selection factor for the first stage of OTT service according to gender and age. This study shows which factors consumers prioritize when using OTT services.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.398-406
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• 2007

Constructing high buildings is a global trend, and skyscrapers for residing are also increasing. But a period of works for finish construction is different depending on a company while a period of works for frame construction of skyscrapers for residing in the country is regular when considering a difference of a method of construction, and the increase of repeated construction for high buildings and number of related process for finish construction are stressing the importance of improving productivity through construction management and plan for works. Because there are many compositive factors affecting productivity other than technical factors, we should intensively study the way of improvement and prevention preferentially through analyzing factors affecting productivity. So in this study, we present important management factors for making systematic strategy and plan for improvement of productivity by finding factors affecting productivity depending on the degree of importance unifying factors affecting productivity of plan factor(internal factor of construction process) and management factor(outer factor of construction process).

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.983-989
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• 2009

This study aims to systematically identify direct and indirect factors that influence labor productivity and to build a model that mathematically quantifies them so as to efficiently manage and increase labor productivity in the construction work. This study was performed based on the productivity model for workers in reinforced concrete construction projects, because it aims to establish a general construction labor productivity model that reflects many factors that influence labor productivity. Using statistical analysis, we found that the components that significantly influence productivity were the worker component, the work characteristic component, the work technique component, the work management component, the equipment & materials component, and the work guide component, while the work delay components did not significantly influence productivity. In addition, a priority analysis was performed based on the components that showed statistically significant effects. The results of the analysis indicated that the influence of work management component and the work technique component is more than that of the worker component and the work characteristic component. The construction labor productivity model that was formulated in this study could be used for the determining the standard productivity during the initial planning stage, so the best strategy for increasing labor productivity could be formulated.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.417-418
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• 2009

웹이 대중화되면서, 사용자 계층도 어린이, 노인, 장애인 등으로 다양해졌다. 인지적, 신체적 특징에 상관없이 모든 사람에게 동등한 웹 기회를 제공하고 있는가를 나타내는 지표가 웹 접근성이다. 웹 사이트들이 특정 수준의 웹 접근성을 준수하도록 유도하기 위해 W3C(World Wide Web Consourtium)의 WAI(Web Accessiability Initiative)는 웹 콘텐츠 접근성 가이드라인 WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guideliens)를 개발하였다. 현재, WCAG2.0까지 발표된 가이드라인은, 4개의 원칙(Principle), 12개의 지침(Guideline), 그리고 61개의 성공기준(Success Criteria)으로 구성 되어 있다. 평가자들은 WCAG2.0에서 제시하는 성공 기준에 맞춰, 웹 사이트가 웹 접근성을 어느 수준으로 준수하고 있는지 평가한다. 하지만, WCAG2.0을 기준으로 웹 사이트를 평가할 경우, 성공기준의 준수여부는 평가가 가능하지만, 특정 사용자 집단의 특성을 반영한, 우선순위가 포함되지 않아, 특정 사용자 집단을 위한 개선 사항을 도출하는데 어려움이 있다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 이러한 점을 고려하여 WCAG2.0 기반의, 특정 사용 집단을 위한 웹 접근성 평가 모델을 제안한다. 사용자 특성에 따라 성공지침들의 중요도가 달라 질 수 있으므로, AHP 기법을 활용하여 성공지침들의 상대적 중요도를 평가하고, 우선순위화 하였다. 평가 모델의 효용성을 입증하기 위해, 특정 사용집단으로 노인 집단을 선정하여, 웹 접근성 평가 모델을 개발하였다.