• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.35-44
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• 2012

The main contents of revision of the rural landscape planning according to Landscape Law discussed in this study show that the urban landscape and rural landscape have a propulsion system which integrate them into the national landscape and manages through the landscape planning. However, management and conservation reflecting the fundamental difference between urban and rural areas are needed. Planning the landscape by generalizing the size of the population, administrative district, the surface area does not meet the ultimate purpose of the Landscape Law that tries to establish differentiated local landscapes. Therefore, the association of professionals who can support and establish a propulsion system for landscape planning with the consideration of regional characteristics. For the urban landscape, the landscape committee is fulfilling the role, but none is available for the rural areas. This study is mostly based on previous literatures, however, in the future, it is desirable to have selected pilot areas for different landscape types and review problems that may occur during the application and process, in order to establish the landscape guidelines for the rural landscape plan.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.33-47
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• 2013

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.743-773
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to study multicultural society of rural areas in Korea. USA immigration law permits permanent settlement but Korea immigration law prohibits permanent settlement. USA adopted the territorial principle but Korea adopted the personal(nationality) principle. So a large number of people immigrated and settled in USA and mass(collective) immigrants is usual in USA. But foreign workers(temporary immigration) and international marriage women(individual immigrants) is usual in Korea. According to the positive law, foreign workers cannot settle down in Korea. So international marriage women immigrants are main cause of multicultural society in rural areas in Korea. This is the particularity of multicultural society in rural areas in Korea. So it is necessary to differentiate multicultural society policy according to areas and residents. Many peoples see multicultural society from a point of view of human rights and welfare. But it is also necessary to see multicultural society from a point of view of economic and policy.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to interpret the transformation of Cooperative Groups for Agricultural Production(CGAP) with the change of the Agricultural Productive Force. The specific objectives were; 1) To investigate the change of agricultural labour-power, 2) To investigate the change of agricultural mechanization and arable land, 3) To interpret the transformation and content of CLAP. The population of farmhouseholds has decreased continuously since the late 1960s. Especially, with the move-outs of youth ages of twenties to forties, the condition of agricultural labour-power has been more serious. The processing of agricultural mechanization was a small scale step in the 1970s, but after the 1980s there was a spread of middle-large machines. However the usage rate of agricultural machines was constrained by the bad conditions of arable land. From the 1970s to now, the CGAP have bean processed by many kinds of patterns. In the 1970s, the lack of labour-power caused the creation of the Co-Working Team. After the late of 1970s, the wage of agricultural employees was raised, because the working population of agriculture was cut down. Also, the induction of agricultural machine was promoted. As a result, in the 1980s, the Machine-Using Team occurred due to these conditions of agricultural productive force. In the late of 1980s, the population decreased more rapidly, and the use of large machines were spread. Than farmhouseholds laking labour-power gave a trust to other farmhouseholds and Teams which had machines. In 1990, Given-Trust Cooperations were enacted by law, and in order to overcome the lack of labour-power, and solve the problem of the successors of agriculture, Cooperative Organizations were also enacted by law. Finally, in Korea from the 1970s to now, as the agricultural productive force has barn changed, the Co-Working Team was transformed into the Machine-Using Team, and the Machine-Using Team was transformed into the Given-Trust Cooperation, and the Cooperative Organization.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.47
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• pp.357-377
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• 2010

The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries(MAFF) of Japan established the aim which exports the agriculture, forestry and Fisheries products amounting to a trillion Yen until 2013 in 2004, endeavoring to realize the aim in strengthening both overseas publicity activities and domestic product system. Such changes means that the Japanese agriculture is exchanging defence into attack and gives a important meaning to our agricultures which have a similar agriculture base as Japan. The countermeasures for agricultural products export promotion by MAFF is greeting a 5th year now and obtains a considerable result in agricultural products exports and the export item. Meantime, There are also opinions that the Japanese agriculture has to make efforts to cut the product cost by a large margin in order to prepares a competitive power. we have to consider the counter-measure which will be able to accommodate harmoniously both of two facts that first, Japanese Export Promotion Strategy for agricultural products is giving a hope in the Japanese rural society which have been considered that remaking will be impossible until now, and secondly, the agricultural reform which the cutting of cost and price of agricultural products will be possible in has to be promoted.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.83-97
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• 2018

This study analyses the use of agri-environment concept in South Korean laws and tries to identify the limitations and improvements. The agri-environment has been used in the EU agricultural policy since the mid 1980s, and now became the most important policy in the rural development policy. It has been regarded as a concept explaining the various factors for agricultural production. However, the EU defines it as results of agricultural production which includes not only environmental and natural features but also social and historical resources in rural areas. This definition has played a key role in the 2013 reform of the CAP. Because many developed countries are implementing the agri-environmental policy, South Korea needs to introduce it soon. In doing so, this research explores how the current South Korean laws are dealing with the relationship between agriculture and environment. It reviews 34 laws in total and finds out neither act applying the concept of agri-environment, nor recognizing the role of agricultural production in biological and environmental conservation. Nevertheless, this research identifies that some acts could be a basis for introducing agri-environmental policy in South Korea if they may complement the interrelationship between the agricultural production and conservation of rural resources.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2014

Purpose - The Korean government has revised the distribution industry development law to regulate large-scale retailer operations to protecting medium- and small-scale retailers and traditional markets. According to the revised law, large-scale retailers must follow regulations on operating hours and compulsory store closures two days per month. Based on the revised distribution industry development law, most local governments regulate operation hours and they have adopted compulsory closure programs for large-scale retail stores. However, it is argued that fresh food producers suffer from a decrease in sales based on the compulsory closure of stores operated by large-scale retailers. Large-scale retailers reduce their fresh food orders from agricultural and fishery producers because of the compulsory store closures. Fresh food producers also suffer from a decrease in prices because reduced orders lead to a decrease in auction prices based on the availability of excess goods in wholesale markets. This paper investigates the effects of operation regulations for large-scale retailers on agricultural producers by surveying agricultural and fishery producer organizations. Research design, data, methodology - A survey was conducted on 117 producer organizations of fruits and vegetables, cereals, fisheries, and livestock products from September 10 to October 4, 2012. Survey items are annual sales, shares of sales accounted for by large-scale retailers, reduction of orders and prices from large-scale retailers, methods to deal with the sales reduction, unfair trade practices of large-scale retailers, opinion of the large-scale retailer regulations, and so on. The average sales of the sampled producer organizations are 13.7 billion won and the average share of sales accounted for by large-scale retailers is 35.4%. Results - Survey results show that the sample producer organizations' sales decreased 10.1% because of the compulsory closures of stores operated by large-scale retailers. It is estimated that the total sales of producer organizations decreased 371.2 billion won because of the regulations on the operation of large-scale retailers. In addition to the direct effect of a sales decrease due to order reduction, agricultural and fishery producer organizations suffered from the secondary effect of price reduction in wholesale markets. When orders from large-scale retailers decreased, most agricultural and fishery producer organizations shipped redundant products to wholesale markets, decreasing auction prices. It was estimated that the price received decreased 21.9% when sold in other marketing channels. As producer organization sales decreased, it was reported that the labor force employed by producer organizations also decreased by 15.1%. Therefore, we can conclude that the regulations for large-scale retailer operations resulted in negative impacts on agricultural producers. Conclusions - Although the sales reduction due to the regulations for large-scale retailer operations are not great, the cumulative effects due to the continued compulsory closure of stores operated by large-scale retailers could be great. This paper suggests governmental programs that could help agricultural producer organizations to find new and effective marketing channels such as direct marketing, farmers' markets, exports, Internet shopping, and so on.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12spc
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• pp.459-462
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• 2021

The article examines the main problems of land market formation in Ukraine. The article is devoted to the study of problems and prospects of land market introduction after the abolition of the ban on alienation. The advantages and disadvantages of lifting the moratorium on the purchase and sale of agricultural land are highlighted. The experience of such European countries as France, Germany, Latvia, Romania and Poland in regulating the market of agricultural lands is analyzed. The historical stages of market formation, features of state policy in this area are considered. The authors found that in these countries the market for agricultural land is well developed and works effectively, which has positive consequences for the economy of these countries. After analyzing the experience, we identified common elements of an effective mechanism for regulating the land market in European countries, which can be implemented in Ukraine. It is emphasized that after the opening of the land market it is necessary to prevent the concentration of a large number of agricultural lands in the hands of one person or close persons and it is necessary to create an effective supervisory body, whose main functions will be supervising sales prevention of speculation in the land market. Emphasis is placed on the need to improve legislation in the field of land, organizational and informational conditions for land reform. The Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning the Circulation of Agricultural Land" was analyzed, the adoption of which put an end to the systematic extension of the moratorium on the sale of agricultural land. The positive aspects of such reservations are noted, such as the gradual introduction of the land market, quantitative restrictions, the lower limit of the value equivalent, which can not be less than the normative monetary value. At the same time, the problem is that the lack of an imperative norm on termination of the lease agreement in case of refusal of the lessee to purchase such land at a price not lower than expert assessment, will negatively affect its price formation and actually make the landlord hostage.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.65-71
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• 2015

Purpose - Domestic cooperatives tend to increase during the establishment of cooperatives and gradually through the basic law of social needs. However, only cooperatives' qualitative grow this secured without blessings, and their quantitative growth through government support is questionable. The purpose of this study is to analyze the agricultural cooperatives established through the Distribution System Cooperatives Basic Law, which was enacted in January 2012. Subsequently, establishing agricultural cooperatives was done briskly. However, cooperatives established rapidly after the founding of the Basic Law encountered problems. Research design, data, and methodology - To assess the performance of selected agricultural cooperatives, data were analyzed using the methodological Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. The AHP is a set of systematic procedures to hierarchically analyze the elements of any problem. Using a survey on expertise, a series of comparative determinations of each pair is performed to evaluate the relative strengths and the strengths of the impact between elements within the hierarchy. A survey was conducted on 10 small agricultural cooperatives using AHP analysis for the examination. The purpose of such research and analysis is to recommend a direction for future policies aimed at small agricultural cooperatives. Result - This study applied three types of policy evaluation criterion, including market expansions, organizations, and cooperative projects, and 12 types of small agricultural cooperative policy measures. Market expansion policies for agricultural cooperatives are classified into four categories: school meals, direct transactions, shopping malls, and wholesale markets. Organizational policies for agricultural cooperatives are classified into four types: existing sales channel management, education, preventing free riding, and enlarging members. Cooperative project policies in agricultural cooperatives are classified into four policy areas: cooperation between cooperatives, community contribution, joint businesses, and government links. In this paper, the growth priority in agricultural cooperative policies is analyzed by applying policy evaluation criteria on the basis of a survey on expertise. The priorities of the policy program are also analyzed using a decision analytic hierarchy process. The results indicate that market expansion is the most important policy evaluation criterion therefore, improving direct transactions, school meals, management of existing sales channels, and shopping malls are crucial policy measures. In contrast, the cooperation of cooperatives, expansion of union members, and cooperation with the government were found to have low priority. Conclusions - Agricultural cooperatives should develop plans as follows. Small agricultural cooperatives need to secure school meals and direct transactions for market expansion, restructure marketing strategies to manage existing sales channels, and, finally, increase education and training for sustainable organizational development. This study has the following limitations. Because the subject of the investigation is a new cooperative, determining its sustainable growth is difficult. Therefore, through analysis and a continuous study of cooperatives, future research is expected to show that modifying the direction of agriculture cooperatives is necessary.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.143-150
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• 2021

International economic and legal cooperation can ensure the transition of agriculture to the trajectory of sustainable development. The paper considers in detail the set of common goals and problems of an international nature, the solution of which is aimed at global legal regulation of cooperation between states. It is also noted about the impact of information technology on agricultural development. The following methods of scientific cognition are used: a historical, systematic approach to research, method of analysis, and synthesis. Research results: a scientific idea of the importance of international cooperation in general and global collaboration in the field of agricultural production in particular. It is stated that states are obliged to cooperate, regardless of differences in their political, economic, and social systems, in various areas of international relations to maintain international peace, security and promote worldwide economic stability and progress, the common good of peoples. It is emphasized the need to build such relations in the agricultural sector, which take into account the interests of all states.