• 보험의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.44-76
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• 1987

Present study was undertaken to establish the modified Broca's indices to estimate standard body weight by using a total of 5,496 insured persons who were medically examined at the Honam Medical Room of Dong Bang Life Insurance Company Ltd. from January, 1983 to January, 1986. The results were as follows: 1. The linear regression equations of body weight to $height^3$ to estimate standard body weight were as follows: In male, for $18{\sim}19$ age group $y=7.272{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+23.560$ for $20{\sim}29$ age group $y=8.187{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+22.031$ for $30{\sim}39$ age group $y=8.627{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+23.169$ for $40{\sim}49$ age group $y=9.561{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+20.994$ for $50{\sim}59$ age group $y=8.604{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+23.081$ and for all ages group $y=7.778{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+25.929$ In female, for $18{\sim}19$ age group $y=8.252{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+18.920$ for $20{\sim}29$ age group $y=7.715{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+22.409$ for $30{\sim}39$ age group $y=8.808{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+21.440$ for $40{\sim}49$ age group $y=9.691{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+21.940$ for $50{\sim}59$ age group $y=12.550{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+11.031$ and for all ages group $y=7.300{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+26.601$ In both sexes, for all ages group $y=8.342{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+22.998$ 2. The modified Broca's index is expressed by formula $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}K(kg)$. K is obtained from the following formula standard weight to average height estimated $\frac{by\;means\;of\;linear\;regression\;equation(kg)}{\{Average\;height(cm)-100\}{\times}K(kg)}$=1 Author's modified Broca's indices are as follows: In male, for $18{\sim}19$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.85(kg)$ for $20{\sim}29$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.90(kg)$ for $30{\sim}39$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.95(kg)$ for $40{\sim}49$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}1.00(kg)$ for $50{\sim}59$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.95(kg)$ and for all ages group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.95(kg)$ In female, for $18{\sim}19$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.90(kg)$ for $20{\sim}29$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.90(kg)$ for $30{\sim}39$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}1.00(kg)$ for $40{\sim}49$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}1.05(kg)$ for $50{\sim}59$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}1.05(kg)$ and for all ages group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}1.00(kg)$ In both sexes, for all age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.95(kg)$ 3. Several types of modified Broca's index recommended by author are as follows: I. In male, for $18{\sim}29$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.90(kg)$ and for $30{\sim}59$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.95(kg)$ In female, for $18{\sim}29$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.90(kg)$ and for $30{\sim}39$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}1.00(kg)$ II. In male, for all ages group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.95(kg)$ In female, for all ages group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}1.00(kg)$ III. In both sexes, for all ages group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.95(kg)$ Note: The first type of modified Broca's index is the most precise one in estimating standard body weight among several types established by author. 4. Error of estimated standard body weight appearing by applying modified Broca's indices is generally greater in short build persons than in tall build persons and is more dominant especially in female group.

• 복식문화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 복식문화학회 2005년도 Joint International Conference
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• pp.173-176
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• 2005

• 복식문화연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.443-456
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to present inner wear design making use of domestic characters that can represent the emotions of those kidults, to develop differentiated products as a result of recent revitalization of inner wear industry and to propose the possibility of total marketing in domestic character industry. Three characters of Barunson, which leads the way in developing domestic character products for inner wear design to satisfy the needs of the emotional generation were selected and work began on the designs based on the selected characters' images and themes. The result of this study was as follows. First, adding new designs using characters to inner wear fits the trend. Second, it was able to expand a range of characters' marketability by developing inner wear designs using domestic stationary and fancy characters as motives, and to seek the possibility of developing 'total marketing' plans in domestic character industry. Third, we were able to recognize the possibility of domestic character development and the importance of design development by developing products making use of domestic characters rather than foreign characters.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.173-192
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• 1984

On the basis of the study intended to research by crosssectional study keeps pace with semilongitudinal study the growthaccelerating phenomena that Maximum Growth age in teenager's body-height. By the random sampling method, the subject of study are 12659 persons(male; 6355, female; 6304) that they are from 7 ages to 17 ages in the whole country including the rural community. The measurement period passed three month days, the statistical data became electronic data processing system with computer. The other side, body-height and MGA of Koreans who had been for during the period from 1925 to 1966 proved transition of the growth-accelerating phenomena by research data reported between 1913 and 1983. The results are as follows; 1. The Growth and Development-Value of Body-height An age bracket the growth and development-value of body-height were, respectively, male is $123.88{\pm}5.05cm$ and female is $123.29{\pm}5.54cm$ for 7 ages group. these indices increased with age. the top-value reach, respectively. $169.08{\pm}5.62cm$ and $157.57{\pm}6.13cm$. The intersecting ages of male and female were the age $8.5{\sim}12.5$, during these periods, female excelled male but after these periods, male excelled female again. In case of body-height, MGA's are 7.0cm for male between 12 and 13 ages, and 7.01cm for female between 8 and 9 ages. As a rule, body-height of male excelled female but intersection phenomena of male and female appeared between 8.5 and 12.5 ages. By reginal groups, it is most prevailing is Seoul, and medium size cities and rural community rome in order. By regional groups, intersection phenomena of male and female are. a region of Seoul; $$8.5{\sim}11.5$$ ages a region of Daejeon; $$7.5{\sim}9.5$$ ages rural community; $$11.5{\sim}14.5$$ ages the whole country's average; $$8.5{\sim}12.5$$ ages By regional groups, the rate of maximum increase in a year are a region of Seoul; male is 7.23cm as 13 ages female is 7.65cm as 9 ages. a region of Daejeon; male is 7.85cm as 11 ages. female is 8.39cm as 9 ages. rural community; male is 7.65cm as 14 ages. female is 6.25cm as 12 ages. the whole country's average; male is 7.0cm as 13 ages. female is 7.01 as 9 ages. 2. Maximum Growth Age (M.G.A.) By reginal groups, maximum Growth Age's are as below in a region of Seoul, MGA's are 12.63 for male and 9.01 for female, which shows that MGA for female appears about 3.5 years earlier than that for male. In a region of Daejeon, MGA's are 9.20 for male and 8.93 for female, which. show that they are all much the same in M.G.A. In rural community, MGA's are 14.00 for male and 11.89 for female, which shows that MGA for female apperars about 2 years earlier than that for male. In the whole average, MGA's are 13.01 for male and 8.97 for femal, which shows that for female appears about 4 years earlier than that for male. For boy, M.G.A. shows fastest-growing in Daejeon, and Seoul and rural commonly come in order. For girl, It shows equal growth in Seoul and Daejeon, rural community comes later. 3. The M.G.A's in body height of male are respectively the age 15.02 in 1913, 14.23 in 1956, 13.86 in 1967, 13.62 in 1975, and 12.82 in 1981, while those of female are the age 12.0 in 1940, 11.52 in 1965, 9.53 in 1975, and 11.16 in 1980; these data show that the MGA of the Koreans has been getting younger. 4. The equation of linear regression of all the MGA's in body height are as follow; Male: Y(M.G.A)=$-0.020{\times}$ (the year)+15.19: female:Y(MGA)=$-0.028{\times}$(the year)+13.2549. 5. The corelation of all the MGA's in body height are as below; male; r=-0.329 female;r=-0.252 6. From the transition of the growth-accelating phenomena in 1980 we can capture the fact that the MGA's has been getting younger by 0.2 year per 10 years. 7. The MGA's in bodyheight are shown in table 4... 8. The future growth-accelating phenomena in body height are expected to show the similar tendency like that of the past, in 1910's but it should by more precisely reviewed after investigating the phenomena of the years directly ahead.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.989-998
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• 2004

Holstein 거세우 48두를 대상으로 육성기 농후사료 급여수준 및 출하월령에 따른 산육능력 및 도체특성 구명을 위해 6개 처리(T1 : 자유채식 19개월령 출하, T2 : 제한급여 19개월령 출하, T3 : 자유채식 22개월령 출하, T4 : 제한급여 22개월령 출하, T5 : 자유채식 25개월령 출하, T6 : 제한급여 25개월령 출하)를 두어 4개월령부터 25개월령까지 사양시험 후 도체조사를 실시한 결과, 육성기 농후사료 자유채식 및 제한급여에 따른 출하월령별 체중 및 전기간의 일당증체량은 19, 22 및 25개월령에 각각 657.7${\sim}$731.3kg과 1.090${\sim}$1.245kg, 749.0${\sim}$776.5kg과 1.079${\sim}$1.130kg, 그리고 772.4${\sim}$811.9kg과 0.975${\sim}$1.030kg으로, 출하체중은 자유채식보다 제한급여가 그리고 출하월령이 높을수록 높았고, 일당증체량도 자유채식보다 제한급여가 그리고 출하월령이 낮을수록 높았으며, 제한급여가 자유채식보다 약 8.3% 증가하였고 출하월령이 경과됨에 따라 월평균 2.0%씩 감소하였다. 1kg 증체에 소요된 TDN은 평균 6.765kg 이었고, 제한급여가 자유채식보다 8.4% 적게 소요되었고, 출하시기가 1개월 늦어짐에 따라 소요량이 약 4%가 증가되었다. 도체조사 결과, 등지방두께 및 등심단면적은 4.6${\sim}$8.5mm(평균 6.7mm) 및 73.8${\sim}$81.8cm2(평균 77.1cm2)로 자유채식보다 제한급여가 그리고 출하시기가 늦어질수록 두껍거나 넓어졌고, 근내지방도는 1.17${\sim}$3.67(평균 2.46)로 자유채식보다 제한급여가 그리고 출하시기가 늦어질수록 높았다. 경제성 분석결과 총 소득은 537.2${\sim}$1,071.8천원/두으로 자유채식보다 제한급여가 그리고 출하월령이 늦어질수록 높았지만, 월평균 소득은 26.4${\sim}$52.9천원/두으로 T4>T6>T2의 순으로 높았다. 이상과 같은 결과들을 종합해 볼 때, Holstein 거세우 비육시 조사료원이 볏짚일 경우, 육성기에는 농후사료를 체중의 1.9% 수준으로 그리고 비육기에는 자유채식의 형태로 하되, 22${\sim}$25개월령 사이에 출하하는 것이 바람직 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2006

Objective : Brachial plexus injury can produce a intractable chronic neuropathic pain. This study was undertaken to assess the long term outcome of microsurgical dorsal root entry zonotomy[MDT]. Methods : Between October 1997 and December 2002, 21 patients received MDT because of a intractable pain resulting from brachial plexus injury. Of these, 19 patients were followed for more than 2 years. Fourteen of 19 patients were male and patient ages ranged from 22 to 69 years. Mean pain duration was 36.8 months and all patients had severe pain of $9{\sim}10$ visual analogue scale. To achieve complete destruction of abnormal dorsal horns, thermocoagulation of the posterolateral sulcus were performed and careful gluing was done to prevent postoperative adhesion and pain recurrence. Results : Of the 19 patients, 15 patients had excellent [>75% reduction in pain] and good [$51{\sim}75%$ pain relief] results in a average postoperative period of 4.1 years. One patient had a poor [less than 25% pain relief] result. Three patients were considered to have a fair result [$26{\sim}50%$ pain relief]. Postoperative complications were 2 transient ipsilateral ataxia and 1 CSF fistula that resolved without surgical revision. Conclusion : These results indicate that MDT provides excellent long-term pain relief in medically intractable chronic neuropathic pain following brachial plexus injury without significant complications.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the body image perception by BMI and the dietary behaviors in 803 college students(408 males and 395 females). The degree of obesity was divided into an underweight group with BMI less than $18.5kg/m^2$, a normal group with BMI of $18.5{\sim}22.9kg/m^2$, an overweight group with BMI of $23{\sim}24.9kg/m^2$ and an obese group with BMI over $25.0kg/m^2$. The average ages of subjects were 22.9 years in males and 20.2 years in females. The average weight and height of male subjects were 175.3 cm and 69.6 kg, respectively and those of female subjects were 162.5 cm and 52.0 kg, respectively. The average BMIs of male and female subjects were $22.6kg/m^2$ and $19.7kg/m^2$, respectively. The distribution of subjects who perceived their current body image as ideal body image was 25.7% in males and 10.9% in females, showing that the body image satisfaction of male subjects was 1.5 times higher than that of female subjects. Body image perception for their own bodies was mostly shown as the average or standard shape both in males and females with 64.2% and 54.2%, respectively, but males showed a higher perception rate than females and 31.1% of females and 19.5% of males perceived their bodies as lean shape(p<0.01). The body image satisfaction was 4.20 in males and 3.70 in females, showing more satisfaction in the male subjects(p<0.001). The correlation between body image and physical variables in male subjects indicated that CBI and IBI showed statistically significant correlation and also BMI showed statistically significant correlation with IBI(p<0.001) and CBI(p<0.001). The frequency of eating out increased as the frequency of skipping meals increased(p<0.001) and the frequency of having snacks increased as the frequency of eating out increased(p<0.01). The correlation between body image and physical variables in female subjects showed that CBI and IBI(p<0.001) had statistically significant correlation. Body weight showed statistically significant correlation with CBI(p<0.001), BMI(p<0.001) and height(p<0.001). The frequency of eating out increased as height(p<0.01) and the frequency of skipping meals(p<0.001) increased. When both male and female subjects wanted leaner body shapes, they preferred much leaner shapes despite their current body images belonging in the normal range. Additionally subjects preferred the body image in the normal range in cases when their current body images were lean. In particular, more female subjects had strong desires to become leaner in their body images than male subjects, which could be analyzed as a risk factor for physical him. From the above results, it is considered that both male and female subjects need to establish proper recognition and dietary behaviors for their body images and also need nutritional education and counseling for desirable weight control methods.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.113-120
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• 1997

Candida albicans is now well recognized among the denture stomatitis patients. The broth macrodilution test is the most widely used technique for antifungal susceptibility testing. The purpose of this study was to determine the C. albicans carrier rate of the denture patients in Iksan, chonbuk. To determine the C. albicans carrier rate of denture patients, culture were made from 227 sample taken in Iksan, Chonbuk during July 1997 to August 1997. Also activities of amphotericin B and miconzole against isolates of denture patients of C. albicans were tested by broth macrodilution test using RPMI medium 1640. The results were as follows : First C. ablicans was isolated from 6.6% of denture patients samples and the frequency of isolation fo C. albicans was highest(50%) in the age group of 71-year-old to 80-year-old denture patients. Second, against C. albicans, the MIC range of amphotericn B was $0.06{\sim}0.25{\mu}g/ml$. MIC50 and MIC90 were $0.13{\mu}g/ml$ and $0.25{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Third, the MIC range of miconazole was $10-{\ge}20{\mu}g/ml$ and MIC50 and MIC90 were $20{\mu}g/ml$ and ${\ge}20{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. It was concluded from this study that C. albicans acrriages from healthy denture individuals only over 60-year-old ages were isolated, they remain susceptible to amphotericin B and not rarely resistant to miconzole.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.193-199
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• 1999

한국산 재배작약 중 "의성 작약" (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)을 대상으로 작약근의 주 활성물질로 평가되는 paeonilforin, albiflorin 및 5종의 phenolic compounds 함량의 생육년수별 변화양상을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 생육년수별 의성작약의 생근굵기는 1년생이 5.3mm, 2년생이 10.3mm, 3년생이 15.6, 4년생이 19.1mm로 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내어 생육년수에 따라 일정한 경향으로 생근의 굵기가 증가 하였다. 생육년수별 paeoniflorin, albifiorin, (+)-catechin 및 benzoic acid의 함량은 가는 뿌리인 1년생의 함량이 높았고, gallic acid, (+)-taxifo.in 3-O-${\beta}-D$ glucoside 및 (-) -epicatechin 함량은 굵은 뿌리인 $3{\sim}4$년생의 함량이 더 높았다. 의성작약에 함유된활성 물질 증 (-) -epicatechin을 제외한 paeoniflorin, albiflorin 및 phenolic compounds의 각 함랑은 껍질이 있는 유피근이 껍질을 제거한 거피근보다 전반적으로 높은 양상을 나타내었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2007

목 적: 유방암에 대한 방사선치료의 적정성과 안전성을 보장하고 궁극적으로 치료효과를 향상시키기 위한 방사선 치료 기술 표준화를 위하여 우리나라 전국 병원을 대상으로 하는 치료형태 조사연구(patterns of care study, PCS)를 계획하였다. 그 두 번째 단계로 근치적 유방 전절제술 후 시행한 방사선치료 방법에 대하여 조사하고 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 조사하고자 하는 입력 문항을 개발하였고 동시에 인터넷을 통하여 조사자가 직접 입력할 수 있도록 Web 기반 입력 프로그램(www.pcs.re.kr)을 개발하였다. 대상 환자들은 1998년도에 근치적 유방 전절제술 후 방사선치료를 받은 환자로 전수 조사를 하지 않고 임의 추출하여 조사하였다. 입력 문항은 149개로 병력과 이학적 소견, 수술 소견과 병리소견, 항암화학요법, 호르몬요법, 방사선치료계획, 방사선치료, 치료 중 부작용, 치료 효과, 합병증 등 9군으로 나누어져 있다. 17개 병원에서 입력된 286명의 데이터를 분석하였다. 결 과: 연령은 $20{\sim}81$세(중앙값 44세)였다. 환자의 병기는 AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) 6판에 따라 분류하였으며 T1: 9.7%, T2: 59.2%, T3: 25.6%, T4: 5.2%이었으며 T0가 1예 있었다. 액와림프절 곽청술에서 떼어낸 림프절이 10개 미만인 환자가 10.5%, 10개 이상인 환자가 86.7%이었으며 7.3% 환자에서 림프절 전이가 없었고, 림프절 전이가 3개 이하인 경우가 14%, $4{\sim}9$개가 38.8%, 10개 이상 전이된 경우가 38.5%였다. 따라서 병기 I기: 0.7%, IIa기: 3.8%, IIb기: 9.8%, IIIa기: 43.0%, IIIb기: 2.8%, IIIc기: 38.5%이었다. 방사선치료가 시행된 시기에 따라서는 수술 후에 항암약물치료를 마치고 방사선치료를 한 경우가 47.9%로 가장 많았고, 수술 후 약물치료를 시행하고 방사선치료를 시행한 후에 다시 약물치료를 시행한 경우가 35.0%로 그 다음으로 많았다. 수술 전 약물치료를 시행하고 그 후에 방사선치료를 시행한 경우도 12.5%였다. 방사선치료 범위는 전체의 5.6%가 흉벽만 치료받았고 20.3%는 흉벽과 쇄골상 림프절을, 27.6%는 흉벽과 쇄골상 림프절과 내유방림프절을, 25.9%에서는 흉벽과 쇄골상 림프절을 치료하면서 액와 후방조사를, 19.9%에서는 흉벽과 쇄골상 림프절과 내유방림프절을 치료하면서 액와 후방조사를 시행하였다. 2예(0.7%)에서는 내유방림프절만 치료하였다. 흉벽의 방사선치료 방법에 있어서는 57.3%에서 양쪽 접선조사를 사용하였고, 42%에서는 전자선으로 치료하였다. 양쪽 접선조사를 시행한 경우에는 54.8%에서 조직보상체를 사용하였고, 전자선으로 치료한 경우는 52.5%에서 사용하였으며 흉벽에 조사된 방사선량은 91.3%에서 $45{\sim}50.4\;Gy$이었으며, 5.9%에서 그 이상이 2.8%에서 그 미만이 조사되었다. 쇄골상 림프절에 조사된 방사선량은 89.5%에서 $45{\sim}50.4\;Gy$이었으며, 2.4%에서 그 이상이 8%에서 그 미만이 조사되었다. 결 론: 유방 보존술 후 방사선치료와는 달리 근치적 유방 전절제술 후 방사선치료는 다양한 형태로 시행되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 향후 치료방법에 따른 치료성적을 분석함으로써 적절한 방사선 치료 방법을 제시할 수 있을 것이다.