• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.44-76
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• 1987

Present study was undertaken to establish the modified Broca's indices to estimate standard body weight by using a total of 5,496 insured persons who were medically examined at the Honam Medical Room of Dong Bang Life Insurance Company Ltd. from January, 1983 to January, 1986. The results were as follows: 1. The linear regression equations of body weight to $height^3$ to estimate standard body weight were as follows: In male, for $18{\sim}19$ age group $y=7.272{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+23.560$ for $20{\sim}29$ age group $y=8.187{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+22.031$ for $30{\sim}39$ age group $y=8.627{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+23.169$ for $40{\sim}49$ age group $y=9.561{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+20.994$ for $50{\sim}59$ age group $y=8.604{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+23.081$ and for all ages group $y=7.778{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+25.929$ In female, for $18{\sim}19$ age group $y=8.252{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+18.920$ for $20{\sim}29$ age group $y=7.715{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+22.409$ for $30{\sim}39$ age group $y=8.808{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+21.440$ for $40{\sim}49$ age group $y=9.691{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+21.940$ for $50{\sim}59$ age group $y=12.550{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+11.031$ and for all ages group $y=7.300{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+26.601$ In both sexes, for all ages group $y=8.342{\times}10^{-6}{\times}x^3+22.998$ 2. The modified Broca's index is expressed by formula $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}K(kg)$. K is obtained from the following formula standard weight to average height estimated $\frac{by\;means\;of\;linear\;regression\;equation(kg)}{\{Average\;height(cm)-100\}{\times}K(kg)}$=1 Author's modified Broca's indices are as follows: In male, for $18{\sim}19$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.85(kg)$ for $20{\sim}29$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.90(kg)$ for $30{\sim}39$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.95(kg)$ for $40{\sim}49$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}1.00(kg)$ for $50{\sim}59$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.95(kg)$ and for all ages group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.95(kg)$ In female, for $18{\sim}19$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.90(kg)$ for $20{\sim}29$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.90(kg)$ for $30{\sim}39$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}1.00(kg)$ for $40{\sim}49$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}1.05(kg)$ for $50{\sim}59$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}1.05(kg)$ and for all ages group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}1.00(kg)$ In both sexes, for all age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.95(kg)$ 3. Several types of modified Broca's index recommended by author are as follows: I. In male, for $18{\sim}29$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.90(kg)$ and for $30{\sim}59$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.95(kg)$ In female, for $18{\sim}29$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.90(kg)$ and for $30{\sim}39$ age group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}1.00(kg)$ II. In male, for all ages group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.95(kg)$ In female, for all ages group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}1.00(kg)$ III. In both sexes, for all ages group $\{height(cm)-100\}{\times}0.95(kg)$ Note: The first type of modified Broca's index is the most precise one in estimating standard body weight among several types established by author. 4. Error of estimated standard body weight appearing by applying modified Broca's indices is generally greater in short build persons than in tall build persons and is more dominant especially in female group.

• Proceedings of the Costume Culture Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.173-176
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• 2005

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.3 s.62
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• pp.443-456
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to present inner wear design making use of domestic characters that can represent the emotions of those kidults, to develop differentiated products as a result of recent revitalization of inner wear industry and to propose the possibility of total marketing in domestic character industry. Three characters of Barunson, which leads the way in developing domestic character products for inner wear design to satisfy the needs of the emotional generation were selected and work began on the designs based on the selected characters' images and themes. The result of this study was as follows. First, adding new designs using characters to inner wear fits the trend. Second, it was able to expand a range of characters' marketability by developing inner wear designs using domestic stationary and fancy characters as motives, and to seek the possibility of developing 'total marketing' plans in domestic character industry. Third, we were able to recognize the possibility of domestic character development and the importance of design development by developing products making use of domestic characters rather than foreign characters.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.173-192
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• 1984

On the basis of the study intended to research by crosssectional study keeps pace with semilongitudinal study the growthaccelerating phenomena that Maximum Growth age in teenager's body-height. By the random sampling method, the subject of study are 12659 persons(male; 6355, female; 6304) that they are from 7 ages to 17 ages in the whole country including the rural community. The measurement period passed three month days, the statistical data became electronic data processing system with computer. The other side, body-height and MGA of Koreans who had been for during the period from 1925 to 1966 proved transition of the growth-accelerating phenomena by research data reported between 1913 and 1983. The results are as follows; 1. The Growth and Development-Value of Body-height An age bracket the growth and development-value of body-height were, respectively, male is $123.88{\pm}5.05cm$ and female is $123.29{\pm}5.54cm$ for 7 ages group. these indices increased with age. the top-value reach, respectively. $169.08{\pm}5.62cm$ and $157.57{\pm}6.13cm$. The intersecting ages of male and female were the age $8.5{\sim}12.5$, during these periods, female excelled male but after these periods, male excelled female again. In case of body-height, MGA's are 7.0cm for male between 12 and 13 ages, and 7.01cm for female between 8 and 9 ages. As a rule, body-height of male excelled female but intersection phenomena of male and female appeared between 8.5 and 12.5 ages. By reginal groups, it is most prevailing is Seoul, and medium size cities and rural community rome in order. By regional groups, intersection phenomena of male and female are. a region of Seoul; $$8.5{\sim}11.5$$ ages a region of Daejeon; $$7.5{\sim}9.5$$ ages rural community; $$11.5{\sim}14.5$$ ages the whole country's average; $$8.5{\sim}12.5$$ ages By regional groups, the rate of maximum increase in a year are a region of Seoul; male is 7.23cm as 13 ages female is 7.65cm as 9 ages. a region of Daejeon; male is 7.85cm as 11 ages. female is 8.39cm as 9 ages. rural community; male is 7.65cm as 14 ages. female is 6.25cm as 12 ages. the whole country's average; male is 7.0cm as 13 ages. female is 7.01 as 9 ages. 2. Maximum Growth Age (M.G.A.) By reginal groups, maximum Growth Age's are as below in a region of Seoul, MGA's are 12.63 for male and 9.01 for female, which shows that MGA for female appears about 3.5 years earlier than that for male. In a region of Daejeon, MGA's are 9.20 for male and 8.93 for female, which. show that they are all much the same in M.G.A. In rural community, MGA's are 14.00 for male and 11.89 for female, which shows that MGA for female apperars about 2 years earlier than that for male. In the whole average, MGA's are 13.01 for male and 8.97 for femal, which shows that for female appears about 4 years earlier than that for male. For boy, M.G.A. shows fastest-growing in Daejeon, and Seoul and rural commonly come in order. For girl, It shows equal growth in Seoul and Daejeon, rural community comes later. 3. The M.G.A's in body height of male are respectively the age 15.02 in 1913, 14.23 in 1956, 13.86 in 1967, 13.62 in 1975, and 12.82 in 1981, while those of female are the age 12.0 in 1940, 11.52 in 1965, 9.53 in 1975, and 11.16 in 1980; these data show that the MGA of the Koreans has been getting younger. 4. The equation of linear regression of all the MGA's in body height are as follow; Male: Y(M.G.A)=$-0.020{\times}$ (the year)+15.19: female:Y(MGA)=$-0.028{\times}$(the year)+13.2549. 5. The corelation of all the MGA's in body height are as below; male; r=-0.329 female;r=-0.252 6. From the transition of the growth-accelating phenomena in 1980 we can capture the fact that the MGA's has been getting younger by 0.2 year per 10 years. 7. The MGA's in bodyheight are shown in table 4... 8. The future growth-accelating phenomena in body height are expected to show the similar tendency like that of the past, in 1910's but it should by more precisely reviewed after investigating the phenomena of the years directly ahead.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.989-998
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• 2004

The objectives of this work was to investigate the effects of feeding type of concentrates during growing period and slaughter age on growth performance, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics in growing-fattening Holstein steers. Treatments were two concentrates feeding types(ad libitum or restricted 1.9% of BW) and three slaughter ages(at 19, 22 or 25 mo). Body weight at slaughter was numerically higher(approx. 8.3%) for the restricted than the ad libitum feeding groups. TDN intake rate was higher(8.4%) for the restricted than the ad libitum feeding groups. One mo slaughter delay increased TDN intake by 4%. Despite the lack of significances, higher back fat thickness and rib-eye area appeared in the restricted feeding or the late slaughter groups compared with the ad libitum feeding or the early slaughter groups. Marbling score(mean 2.46) numerically increased when the steers were restrictively fed concentrates compared with the ad libitum feeding groups. In addition, significant increases in the marbling score were associated with the slaughter age delay. In economic analysis, increases in total income were associated with the restricted feeding and the slaughter age delay. Whereas the highest monthly income appeared in the restricted feeding-and-slaughter at 22 mo group. In conclusion, the optimal feeding system may be 1) the restricted concentrates feeding(1.9% of BW) during growing period and 2) the late slaughter age(22${\sim}$25 mo of age) in growing-fattening Holstein steers fed rice straw.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.143-147
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• 2006

Objective : Brachial plexus injury can produce a intractable chronic neuropathic pain. This study was undertaken to assess the long term outcome of microsurgical dorsal root entry zonotomy[MDT]. Methods : Between October 1997 and December 2002, 21 patients received MDT because of a intractable pain resulting from brachial plexus injury. Of these, 19 patients were followed for more than 2 years. Fourteen of 19 patients were male and patient ages ranged from 22 to 69 years. Mean pain duration was 36.8 months and all patients had severe pain of $9{\sim}10$ visual analogue scale. To achieve complete destruction of abnormal dorsal horns, thermocoagulation of the posterolateral sulcus were performed and careful gluing was done to prevent postoperative adhesion and pain recurrence. Results : Of the 19 patients, 15 patients had excellent [>75% reduction in pain] and good [$51{\sim}75%$ pain relief] results in a average postoperative period of 4.1 years. One patient had a poor [less than 25% pain relief] result. Three patients were considered to have a fair result [$26{\sim}50%$ pain relief]. Postoperative complications were 2 transient ipsilateral ataxia and 1 CSF fistula that resolved without surgical revision. Conclusion : These results indicate that MDT provides excellent long-term pain relief in medically intractable chronic neuropathic pain following brachial plexus injury without significant complications.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the body image perception by BMI and the dietary behaviors in 803 college students(408 males and 395 females). The degree of obesity was divided into an underweight group with BMI less than $18.5kg/m^2$, a normal group with BMI of $18.5{\sim}22.9kg/m^2$, an overweight group with BMI of $23{\sim}24.9kg/m^2$ and an obese group with BMI over $25.0kg/m^2$. The average ages of subjects were 22.9 years in males and 20.2 years in females. The average weight and height of male subjects were 175.3 cm and 69.6 kg, respectively and those of female subjects were 162.5 cm and 52.0 kg, respectively. The average BMIs of male and female subjects were $22.6kg/m^2$ and $19.7kg/m^2$, respectively. The distribution of subjects who perceived their current body image as ideal body image was 25.7% in males and 10.9% in females, showing that the body image satisfaction of male subjects was 1.5 times higher than that of female subjects. Body image perception for their own bodies was mostly shown as the average or standard shape both in males and females with 64.2% and 54.2%, respectively, but males showed a higher perception rate than females and 31.1% of females and 19.5% of males perceived their bodies as lean shape(p<0.01). The body image satisfaction was 4.20 in males and 3.70 in females, showing more satisfaction in the male subjects(p<0.001). The correlation between body image and physical variables in male subjects indicated that CBI and IBI showed statistically significant correlation and also BMI showed statistically significant correlation with IBI(p<0.001) and CBI(p<0.001). The frequency of eating out increased as the frequency of skipping meals increased(p<0.001) and the frequency of having snacks increased as the frequency of eating out increased(p<0.01). The correlation between body image and physical variables in female subjects showed that CBI and IBI(p<0.001) had statistically significant correlation. Body weight showed statistically significant correlation with CBI(p<0.001), BMI(p<0.001) and height(p<0.001). The frequency of eating out increased as height(p<0.01) and the frequency of skipping meals(p<0.001) increased. When both male and female subjects wanted leaner body shapes, they preferred much leaner shapes despite their current body images belonging in the normal range. Additionally subjects preferred the body image in the normal range in cases when their current body images were lean. In particular, more female subjects had strong desires to become leaner in their body images than male subjects, which could be analyzed as a risk factor for physical him. From the above results, it is considered that both male and female subjects need to establish proper recognition and dietary behaviors for their body images and also need nutritional education and counseling for desirable weight control methods.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 1997

Candida albicans is now well recognized among the denture stomatitis patients. The broth macrodilution test is the most widely used technique for antifungal susceptibility testing. The purpose of this study was to determine the C. albicans carrier rate of the denture patients in Iksan, chonbuk. To determine the C. albicans carrier rate of denture patients, culture were made from 227 sample taken in Iksan, Chonbuk during July 1997 to August 1997. Also activities of amphotericin B and miconzole against isolates of denture patients of C. albicans were tested by broth macrodilution test using RPMI medium 1640. The results were as follows : First C. ablicans was isolated from 6.6% of denture patients samples and the frequency of isolation fo C. albicans was highest(50%) in the age group of 71-year-old to 80-year-old denture patients. Second, against C. albicans, the MIC range of amphotericn B was $0.06{\sim}0.25{\mu}g/ml$. MIC50 and MIC90 were $0.13{\mu}g/ml$ and $0.25{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Third, the MIC range of miconazole was $10-{\ge}20{\mu}g/ml$ and MIC50 and MIC90 were $20{\mu}g/ml$ and ${\ge}20{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. It was concluded from this study that C. albicans acrriages from healthy denture individuals only over 60-year-old ages were isolated, they remain susceptible to amphotericin B and not rarely resistant to miconzole.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 1999

This study was conducted to establish the standard of quality evaluation in Korean cultivated peony root(Paeoniae Radix). The diameter of fresh root and the concentrations of paeoniflorin, abliflorin and five phenolic compounds at different root ages in Euisung cultivar were investigated. The diameters of fresh root were 5.5mm, 10.3mm, 15.6mm and 19.1mm in one-year, two-year, three-year and four-year-old, respectively. It was also found that the diameter of fresh root was uniformly increased with the increase of root age. The concentrations of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, (+) -catechin and benzoic acid in one-year-old peony root(6.44%, 1.55%, 0.80% and 0.36%, respectively) were higher than those in three-(3.49%, 0.62%, 0.43% and 0.26%) or four-year-old(3.28%, 0.47%, 0.34% and 0.20%). The concentrations of gallic acid, (-) -epicatechin and (+) -taxiforin $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ were higher in three- (0.26%, 0.09% and 0.26%, respectively) or four-year-old (0.26%, 0.10% and 0.29%) than those in one-year-old (0.25 %, 0.08 % and 0.23 %) by contraries. Excepting (-) -epicatecin, the concentrations of paeoniflorin, albiflorin and four phenolic compounds in the root of unremoved cork layer were higher than those in the root of removed cork layer.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2007

[ $\underline{Purpose}$ ]: To determine the patterns of evaluation and treatment in patients with breast cancer after mastectomy and treated with radiotherapy. A nationwide study was performed with the goal of improving radiotherapy treatment. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: A web- based database system for the Korean Patterns of Care Study (PCS) for 6 common cancers was developed. Randomly selected records of 286 eligible patients treated between 1998 and 1999 from 17 hospitals were reviewed. $\underline{Results}$: The ages of the study patients ranged from 20 to 80 years (median age 44 years). The pathologic T stage by the AJCC was T1 in 9.7% of the cases, T2 in 59.2% of the cases, T3 in 25.6% of the cases, and T4 in 5.3% of the cases. For analysis of nodal involvement, N0 was 7.3%, N1 was 14%, N2 was 38.8%, and N3 was 38.5% of the cases. The AJCC stage was stage I in 0.7% of the cases, stage IIa in 3.8% of the cases, stage IIb in 9.8% of the cases, stage IIIa in 43% of the cases, stage IIIb in 2.8% of the cases, and IIIc in 38.5% of the cases. There were various sequences of chemotherapy and radiotherapy after mastectomy. Mastectomy and chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy was the most commonly performed sequence in 47% of the cases. Mastectomy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy followed by additional chemotherapy was performed in 35% of the cases, and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was performed in 12.5% of the cases. The radiotherapy volume was chest wall only in 5.6% of the cases. The volume was chest wall and supraclavicular fossa (SCL) in 20.3% of the cases; chest wall, SCL and internal mammary lymph node (IMN) in 27.6% of the cases; chest wall, SCL and posterior axillary lymph node in 25.9% of the cases; chest wall, SCL, IMN, and posterior axillary lymph node in 19.9% of the cases. Two patients received IMN only. The method of chest wall irradiation was tangential field in 57.3% of the cases and electron beam in 42% of the cases. A bolus for the chest wall was used in 54.8% of the tangential field cases and 52.5% of the electron beam cases. The radiation dose to the chest wall was $45{\sim}59.4\;Gy$ (median 50.4 Gy), to the SCL was $45{\sim}59.4\;Gy$ (median 50.4 Gy), and to the PAB was $4.8{\sim}38.8\;Gy$, (median 9 Gy) $\underline{Conclusion}$: Different and various treatment methods were used for radiotherapy of the breast cancer patients after mastectomy in each hospital. Most of treatment methods varied in the irradiation of the chest wall. A separate analysis for the details of radiotherapy planning also needs to be followed and the outcome of treatment is needed in order to evaluate the different processes.