• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.280-284
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• 2022

The purpose of the study was to identify the level of development of gaming disorder among e-sportsmen as a potential risk of their activity. Three groups were formed for the study. The first group consisted of 102 e-sportsmen aged between 18 and 32; the second group consisted of boys of the same age who, according to preliminary questionnaires, played computer games fairly frequently - at least once a week (n = 102); the third group consisted of individuals of the same gender and age, but who did not share a passion for computer games (n = 102). The study was performed using semi-structured interview during which the respondents filled out the Computer gaming disorder questionnaire developed and tested by O.M. Vidova under our supervision. Our study showed that among 102 e-sportsmen, 82,3% did not have any computer gaming disorder, only some tendency thereto. While 17,6% of e-sportsmen were characterized by a pronounced gaming disorder. E-sportsmen who prefer strategies, less than all other e-sportsmen, tend to escape from reality and accept the game role, to express their emotions through the game, and in general have the lowest level of dependence on games. Additionally, strategic e-sportsmen are most likely to study the game thoroughly and to develop themselves with it. Many Starcraft e-sportsmen tend to explore the possibilities of the game in detail and, at the same time, protect themselves from escaping into virtual reality. The risk of computer gaming disorder among e-sportsmen is largely determined by their sports achievements, the type of sports activity (individual or team), and genre of the preferred computer game.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.49-68
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• 2011

This study examined if any differences exist of young children's physical and relational aggression as affected by aggression levels, teacher-child and peer relationship, age, and gender. Furthermore, the extent of physical or relational aggression of the young children influencing teacher-child relationships is also examined. In this study, two hundred and fifty children aged three to ten and fifty-two teachers were targeted. They responded on questionnaires in regard to aggression, teacher-child relationships, and peer relationship. The findings are as follows: First, in terms of child aggression according to his/her age, it has been shown that physical aggression is primarily present in the age of four. Second, concerning gender, boys are found to be high in levels of both relational and physical aggression. Third, the data shows that in the relationship between the child's aggression and teacher-child relationship, the higher the child's aggression, the lower the intimacy of relationship between child and teacher and the higher the dependence and conflict in the relationship of teacher and child. Fourth, in the examination of relationships between a child's aggression and peer influence, higher levels of relational and physical aggression correlate with higher aggressive, hyperactive, and anti-social behaviors. In addition, the higher the age and relational aggression, the higher the pro-social behaviors that occur. Pedagogical implications and suggestions are put forth in the areas of improving relationships between children and teachers, how teachers can assist young learner development, and techniques to improve peer relationships and reduce its difficulties.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5518-5524
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of balance ability on aging by measuring balance ability of elderly females whose age is over 65. The subjects are ten elderly women (the mean age: 71.9) able to walk without assistants, the assistant equipments and drug dependence and ten young healthy women (the mean age: 23.2). We measured stability index (ST), Fourier index (F), weight distribution (WD), weight distribution index (WDI), synchronization index (SI) and fall index (FI) by using Tetrax (Tetra-ataxiometric Posturography). In result, STs and Fs at the low frequency region (F1) represented the significant difference between two groups at all postures with PO (pillow with eye open) exception (p<.01). Fs at the other frequency regions (F2~F8) represented the significant difference between two groups (p<.05). WDI of the elderly women represented the higher values than the young women at all postures but there are the significant difference at PO and PC (pillow with eye closed) only. These results may be due to age-related ability decline of somatesthesia, vestibular organ, central nervous system.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2017

Today, the activities of individuals and corporations are dependent not only on digital technology but also on the future of society, which is referred to as the fourth industrial revolution. Since the traces that arise from the crimes that occur in the digital society are also inevitably developed into a society that should be found in the digital, the judicial dependence of judging by the digital evidence is inevitably increased in the criminal procedure. On the other hand, considering the fact that many users are using virtual shared computing resources of service providers considering the fact that they are being converted into a cloud computing environment system, searching for evidence in cloud computing resources is not related to crime. The possibility of infringing on the basic rights of the criminal procedure is increased, so that the ability of evidence of digital data which can be used in the criminal procedure is limited. Therefore, considering these two aspects of digital evidence, this point should be fully taken into account in judging the evidence ability in the post-seizure warrant issuance and execution stage as well as the pre-emptive control. There is a view that dictionary control is useless, but it needs to be done with lenient control in order to materialize post-modern control through judging ability of evidence. In other words, more efforts are needed than ever before, including legislation to ensure proper criminal procedures in line with the digital age.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.95-104
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• 2016

The purpose of this research is to compare housing wealth effects of home-owning single income couples (SIC) and dual income couples (DIC) on their non-durable consumption and to assess the effects by location, age groups, housing structure type, debt-to-asset ratio and employment status. Using the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) of 2014, this empirical study identified 1,198 SIC households and 1,044 DIC households, and employed multiple regression analysis. The main results reveal that the difference of financial portfolios between SIC and DIC households was little but housing wealth effects were stronger among SIC households than DIC counterpart. It's evident that housing wealth effects were conspicuous for SIC and DIC households who were headed by wage earners aged over 40s, and resided in apartment outside the Seoul Metropolitan Area. However, household debt became a determinant in contradicting housing wealth effects of SIC and DIC households. While the household financial dimension was in proportion to income, DIC households didn't gain much financial security due to increasing expenditure. Further, this research imply that liquidity constraints explicitly posed a more serious threat to SIC households whose dependence on housing asset is larger than their counterpart.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.45.3-46
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• 2015

Space weathering agents such as micrometeoroids and solar wind particles continuously age the uppermost regolith of the lunar surface by comminuting as well as darkening and reddening. Among several maturity indices, we investigate median grain size () and optical maturity (OMAT) of the crater rim walls. Crater rim wall is the most immature place among the impact crater features because the vertical mixing process by mass-movement can enhance the gardening of regolith and the supply of immature materials in the deeper layer to the surface. More than 140 simple and complex craters were considered. Both and OMAT values of the inner rim wall initially increase as the crater size increases until ~10-20 km, then decrease. This transition crater size happens to correspond to the transition diameter from simple to complex craters. For larger craters, i.e., complex craters, it is clear that the inner rim wall of the craters formed in recent eras tend to remain fresh and become mature along with time. For the simple crater case, smaller craters are more mature, which is opposite to the case of complex craters. This is thought to be because smaller craters become flattened more quickly, thus have smaller vertical mixing in the regolith due to mass-movement. We will also discuss on the maturity indices of the crater rim walls at high latitudes as a function of the position angle to see the latitude dependence of the space weathering process.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.79-98
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• 2020

The majority of research on institutional theory suggests that the new institutional practices presented by national governments and expert groups is a legitimate demand by society, and that the organization is a passive actor that accepts it. However, individual organizations often perform so-called decoupling acts that run their organizations in their own way instead of following the way the system requires, despite the pressures of a strong institutional environment. In this study, the decoupling behavior of these organizations can be varied by the characteristics of the highest decision maker in the organization based on the upper-echelon theory(UET) even if there is no difference in pressure experienced by individual organizations, and their relationship is empirically analyzed among secondary educational institutions that are relatively strongly regulated by the government. According to the analysis of 192 high schools in Korea, the female principal, the younger the principal, and the higher the educational background, the more likely they are to engage in decoupling behavior that are different from the intent and content of government policies. Therefore, from the results of this study, meaningful theoretical and practical implications can be provided for researchers and managers in the field of knowledge management research.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 1982

According to the star formation rate and metal enrichment rate given by the disk-halo model of Lee and Ann (1981), the two different forms of time-dependent initial mass function (IMF) and the present day mass function (PDMF) of nearby stars have been examined. It was shown that the constraint for the initial rapid metal enrichment requires the time-dependence of IMF at the very early phase ($t{\lesssim}5{\times}10^8$ yrs) of the solar neighborhood. The computed PDMF's show that the PDMF is nearly independent of any specific functional form of IMF as long as the latter includes a Gaussian distribution of log m. This result is due to the very small fractional mass $({\times}5%)$ of stars formed at the very early period during which the IMF is time-dependent. The computed PDMF suggests the presence of more numerous low mass stars than shown in Miller and Scalo's (1979) PDMF, supporting the possibility of the existence of low-velocity M dwarfs. According to the number distribution of stars with respect to [Fe/H], the mean age of these low mass star must be very old so as to yield the mean metal abundance $\bar{[Fe/H]}{\approx}-0.15$ for the stars in the solar neighborhood.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.109-119
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• 2008

We present an optical-infrared photometric study of galaxies in six nearby clusters of galaxies at $z=0.041{\sim}0.098$ (A1436, A1773, A1809, A2048, A2142, and A2152). Using BV I photometry obtained at the Bohyunsan Optical Astronomical observatory and $JHK_S$ photometry extracted from the 2-Micron All-Sky Survey catalog, we investigate the colors of galaxies in the clusters. Using the (B - V) versus ($I\;-\;K_S$) color-color diagrams in comparison with the simple stellar population model, we estimate the ages and metallicities of bright early-type member galaxies. Early-type galaxies in each cluster show the color-magnitude relation. Ages and metallicities of early-type members show little dependence on their velocity dispersions. Mean ages of early-types in the clusters range from 3 Gyr to 20 Gyr, showing a large dispersion, and mean metallicities range from Z = 0.03 to 0.05 above the solar value, showing a negligible dispersion.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the smoking behaviors and to identify the impact of depression, temperament, and characteristics of smoking experience on rural adolescents. Method: A survey using a self-administered questionnaire was done of 310 rural high school students. Using SPSS 12.0, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The smoking rate of rural high school students was higher than that of the national rate for this age group. Serious depression was observed in the rural high school students. There was a positive correlation among smoking experience, school records, novelty seeking and a negative correlation between smoking and cooperativeness. The significant predictors of smoking experience were type of school, satisfaction with school, school records, novelty seeking, reward dependence and cooperativeness. These factors accounted for 38.9% of variances in the smoking experience of rural adolescents. Conclusion: These results suggest that adolescents who exhibit factors identified in this study are regarded as having the potential to smoke, and this result proposes the basis for program development for the prevention of smoking and smoking cessation.