• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.306-310
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• 2007

Changes in microstructure and damping capacity with aging time for solutionized Mg-Al alloy have been investigated. Discontinuous ${\beta}\;(Mg_{17}Al_{12})$ precipitates form along the primary grain boundaries, the amount of which increases as the aging time increases. The hardness of the matrix with respect to aging time shows a typical "S" shape, indicating a generation of fine continuous precipitates in the matrix during the aging. The peak level of damping capacity is obtained after 1 hour of aging, over which the damping capacity becomes deteriorated continuously. The formation of optimum density of continuous ${\beta}$ precipitates with fine morphology which would act as pinning points for dislocation lines, might be responsible for the improvement of damping capacity.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.71-92
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• 2004

The purpose of this ethnographic study was to observe and understand interactions of toddlers and teachers in context. Specific questions were "What are the motives and features of the interactions between toddlers and teacher?" Subjects were twenty 2-year-old daycare children and their teachers. Methods covered 11 weeks of interviews and participatory observation. The major findings were that the interactions between toddlers and teachers was mainly initiated by toddlers and consist of physiological and emotional needs, conflict mediation and participation in play. As toddler get to the age of self-recognition but still need adult's assistance, the co-existence of dependence and independence was evident. Children used a variety of verbal and non-verbal signals with both positive and non-positive overtons.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.133-149
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to analyze the expenditure state of midlife households for elderly life stage and to find out the variables that have influence upon these expenditure. The findings are follows: 1) The expenditure state was influenced by various as like wife’s age, couple’s education, number of children, husband’s retiring allowance, monthly savings, whole assets of households, level of dependence upon own children, etc. 2) The demand for economic preparation, program about elderly life, information and welfare system was related to the practical expenditure state absolutely and relatevely. The result showed that the husbands’retiring allowance was the most effective variable to the expenditure state for the elderly life. In conclusion the rational distribution of economics resources according to the family life stage is very important for the economic welfare of households.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.581-597
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• 2020

Light-Weight Concrete containing Expanded Poly-Styrene Beads (EPS-LWC) is an approved structural and non-structural material characterized by a considerably lower density and higher structural efficiency, compared to concrete containing ordinary aggregates. The experimental campaign carried out in this project provides new information on the mechanical properties of structural EPS-LWC, with reference to the strength and tension (by splitting and in bending), the modulus of elasticity, the stress-strain curve in unconfined compression, the absorbed energy under compression and reinforcement-concrete bond. The properties measured at seven ages since casting, from 3 days to 91 days, in order to investigate their in-time evolution. Mathematical relationships are formulated as well, between the previous properties and time, since casting. The dependence of the compressive strength on the other mechanical properties of EPS-LWC is also described through an empirical relationship, which is shown to fit satisfactorily the experimental results.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1993

In order to explore the time dependence of the closure parameters of the two-fluid calculations for supernova remnants and the terminal shocks of stellar winds, we have considered a simple model in which the time evolution of the cosmic-ray distribution function was followed in the test-particle limit using the Bohm diffusion model. The particles are mostly accelerated to relativistic energy either in the free expansion phase of the SNRs or in the early phase of the stellar winds, so the evolution of the closure parameters during these early stages is substantial and should be followed correctly. We have also calculated the maximum momentum which is limited by either the age or the curvature of these spherical shocks. We found that SNRs expanding into the medium where the gas density decreases with the distance from the explosion center might be necessary to explain the observed power-law distribution of the galactic cosmic rays. The energy loss due to the escaping energetic particles has been estimated for the terminal shocks of the stellar winds.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

The reanalysis of the previously published abundance pattern of mild barium star HD202109 (${\zeta}$ Cyg) and the chemical compositions of 129 thin disk barium stars facilitated the search for possible correlations of different stellar parameters with second ionization potentials of chemical elements. Results show that three valuable correlations exist in the atmospheres of barium stars. The first is the relationship between relative abundances and second ionization potentials. The second is the age dependence of mean correlation coefficients of relative abundances vs. second ionization potentials, and the third one is the changes in correlation coefficients of relative abundances vs. second ionization potentials as a function of stellar spatial velocities and overabundances of s-process elements. These findings demonstrate the possibility of hydrogen and helium accretion from the interstellar medium on the atmospheres of barium stars.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.61
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• pp.59-91
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• 2018

Using a Consensus Qualitative Research approach, this study aimed to identify the ageism and explore age-integration as a solution of age discrimination that occurs during the delivery of medical services by nine healthcare professionals who have experience in treating elderly patients. There were two-sided confession has shown by health care professionals about the Ageism. They reported that they don't discriminate by age. However, They also appealed an inconvenience due to the elderly. There were real Ageism in the Healthcare Professional site as a way of Unsuitable care, elderly alienation and dependence on caregivers, polarization of medical service and double discrimination against poor elderly. They found it difficult to offer age integrated health care as a means to mitigate or solve. However they have sought to break barriers to communication, provided a comfortable environment not only for senior citizens but also for all others, and have diversified institutional and service standards. To ensure the healthy life and proper medical service of the rapidly increasing elderly patients, we proposed to do critical review of the factors in the Korean medical system that accelerate the Ageism, reorganization of the health care system for the poor elderly, including the curriculum associated with age-integrating within the health care professional education system, raising the Geriatric Medical Service and the relating professionals and improvements in perception of the health care domains for the elderly and older adults.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.24-33
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• 2019

Background: Spontaneous use of the upper extremities on the affected side of patients with stroke is a meaningful indicator of recovery and may vary by the age or dominant hand of patients. No prior study has reported changes in actual amount of use test (AAUT) and motor activity log (MAL)-28 according to age and handedness in healthy adults, and AAUT inter-rater reliability for assessment of healthy adults. Objects: This study aimed to (1) research the differences in AAUT and MAL-28 according to age and handedness in healthy adults, and (2) determine the inter-rater reliability of the AAUT. Methods: Seventy healthy adults participated in this study. The MAL-28 was assessed by dividing 61 subjects into young right-handed ($n_1=20$), young left-handed ($n_2=21$), and older right-handed ($n_3=20$) groups. The AAUT was assessed by dividing 63 subjects into young right-handed ($n_1=25$), young left-handed ($n_2=18$), and older right-handed ($n_3=20$) groups. Student's t-test and the Wilcoxon signedrank test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The Amount of Use (AOU) scale values for each group showed no significant differences between age groups and handedness groups in the MAL-28 (p>.05). The AAUT AOU scale value showed significant differences regarding dominant handedness in the AAUT (p<.05), but no significant differences according to age (p>.05). (2) Inter-rater reliability of the AAUT was excellent, except few items (item 9, 11, and 12). Conclusion: Although both the MAL-28 and the AAUT measured how much participants used their dominant arms in healthy subjects, the AAUT only showed significantly higher dominant arm use in left hander than the right hander. In addition, the inter-rater reliability of the AAUT was excellent. Current results can be utilized as a basic information when clinicians develop rehabilitation strategies, and AAUT was shown to be a reliable evaluation tool for measurement of upper extremity use in Korean adults, based on the reliability demonstrated by this study.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.127-136
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• 2011

The improving in physical activity of Disability elder is the most important and effective way of prevent and treatment. Especially, It improves ADL(Activities Daily of Living) by decreasing restrictive function and dependence. This study was researched on change by comparing before and after about ADL of Women elders who were instructed self rehabilitation exercise in bedside and have been take that. The whole subjects are 92 persons. Elders aged 65 to 69 are 32 persons. elders aged 70 to 74 are 22 persons 38 persons are over the age of 75. This study shows that the whole subjects have been improved ADL. especially, "Take a bath" in detail items of ADL comes to the most improvement rate. Next, "Sit to stand on the bed and transfer" comes to the second highest rate. According to findings upon the age group. "Take a bath" is also the highest improvement rate. Elders aged 60 to 65 show "Sit to stand on the bed and transfer" is the second highest rate of improvement" and elders aged 70 to 74 show that "control urine" is the second highest rate of improvement. and elders over the age of 75 shows that "sit to stand on the bed and transfer" is the second highest rate of improvement. This study have some problems on having possibilities of results because hospitalized persons have answered imperfect statement and being compare progressed for short term with rehabilitation exercise. so, There are some causes that is early to be generalized.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.189-198
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• 2003

For the huge section of tunnel, it is highly required to observe the role of each rock support and their effect of rock reinforcement in order to investigate more reasonable rock support structure. Especially for unstable tunnel situation with no shotcrete strength right after an excavation, sufficient investigation is needed for rock support structure. In this paper, we clarify the relations of compressive strength and material age, cohesion strength and material age, and cohesion stiffness and material age of grout with time-dependence through tests and numerical analysis simulation with trial rock mass considering hardening of bolt grouting material. By means of this process, effect of rock reinforcement for rockbolt is investigated right after an excavation and modelling and physical constants of young aged rockbolts are obtained. Additionally, the effect of rock reinforcement with hydraulic tensile friction bolt is examined right after an excavation, which grout effect is no need to be waited.