• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 1999

This study was performed to discover the underlining influences of Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) and Varicella Zoster virus (VZV), to detect the changes of whole protein and mucin level and to observe protein profiles in the saliva when recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) was present. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from 23 patients who for over three years had a clinical history of RAU, in a group of 10 women and 13 men, ranging from 11 to 72 years of age, and 20 healthy subjects, in a group of 8 women and 12 men, who did not have the symptoms nor a past history of RAU. Through the means of Polymerization Chain Reaction, genomic DNA from the HSV and VZV was purified from the saliva samples for identifying precisely the two types of viruses, and the level of whole protein and sialic acids in the saliva and the ratio of sialic acid to whole protein were measured, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. 39.13% of patients showed 224 bp bands of VZV DNA, those were appeared more in patients than in control group (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference between patients and control group in HSV DNA (p>0.05). 2. The concentration of whole protein in men patients was lower than in men control group (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences between patients and control in other groups (p>0.05). 3. The concentration of sialic acids from patients was lower than control group in all groups (p<0.05). 4. The concentration of sialic acids in proportion to that of whole protein was lower in patients than in control group (p<0.05), and in the two women groups (p<0.01), but no noticeable difference was found between the two men groups (p>0.05). 5. There were no consistent differences observed in the protein profiles of patients with control group except that certain protein bands near 50 kDa was lower in patients than in control group. These results suggest that viruses such as HSV and VZV and reduction of salivary whole protein and mucin levels are related to development of RAU.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2017

비보강 조적조 건축물은 재료의 특성상 지진과 같은 횡력에 취약하지만, 국내에는 여전히 많은 조적조 건물이 존재한다. 특히 현재 남아있는 조적조 건축물의 대부분이 20년 이상 노후화됨에 따라 재해감소를 위한 경제성 있는 보강법의 개발이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 노후 된 조적조 건축물의 보강법의 하나로 접착형 보강재를 활용한 조적벽체의 외부 보강법을 제시하였으며, 보강효과 검증을 위해 총 6개의 실험체를 형상비(L/H=1.0, 1.3, 2.0)를 변수로 제작하여 정적가력실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 보강전 후 조적벽체는 강체회전 및 미끄러짐에 의해 파괴가 발생하였고, 접착형 보강재 부착후 벽체의 최대내력, 최대변위, 소산에너지량은 증가하여 우수한 보강효과를 확인하였다. 또한 기존 유리섬유를 활용한 증가된 전단강도식에 착안하여 비보강 조적벽체에 대한 접착형 보강재의 설계안을 도출하여 적용을 위한 기초자료를 제공하였다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2012

제강슬래그 중 15~20%를 차지하는 환원슬래그는 건설재료로서의 유익한 화학적 조성을 함유하고 있음에도 불구하고, 특별한 활용처가 없이 매립되어지고 있기 때문에 용도개발이 시급하다. 본 연구는 제강 환원슬래그를 고효율 재활용 용도 개발을 위한 연구로, 사전 연구결과 급냉을 통하여 분화가 없는 안정된 골재상 제조가 가능하고, 이를 분쇄하여 수화시 급결 특성과 자체 수화특성을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 한편, 철강 제조 공정에서 부산되는 환원슬래그일지라도 생산 제품에 따라 슬래그의 특성도 큰 차이를 보이기 때문에, 각 생산 제품에 따른 10군데 플랜트에서 배출되는 환원슬래그를 채취하여 그 화학적 특성을 평가하였다. 분석된 화학적 특성을 바탕으로, 급냉 시 생성되어지는 광물을 예측하여 사전연구 되었던 급냉 환원슬래그와 같이 급결성 및 강도발현특성을 갖는 무기결합재로의 제조 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 그 결과 특수강 및 열연 제품 생산공정에서 배출되는 환원슬래그일수록 높은 $Al_2O_3$ 함량을 가짐에 따라, 급결성 광물인 $C_{12}A_7$을 다량 함유하고, 이로써 급냉을 통하여 특수용 무기결합재로서 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2014

최근 산업부산물의 재활용과 지구온난화와 같은 환경오염 문제 해결방안으로 알칼리 활성 슬래그(AAS) 콘크리트에 관한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. AAS 콘크리트는 고강도 발현이 가능하며 내구성 또한 우수한 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 빠른 알칼리반응으로 인하여 매우 큰 수축이 발생함에도 불구하고 고강도 AAS 콘크리트의 자기수축 거동에 대한 연구는 매우 부족한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 물-결합재비가 0.40, 0.45, 0.50이고 알칼리 활성화제 첨가량이 $Na_2O$=5, 6, 7%인 AAS 모르타르 배합을 실시하여 굳지 않은 모르타르 특성(플로우, 응결시간)과 압축강도, 자기수축을 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 일반 콘크리트에 비해 매우 큰 자기수축이 발생하였고 W/B가 낮고 알칼리 활성화제 첨가량이 많을수록 자기 수축량이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 고강도 알칼리 활성 슬래그 콘크리트의 자기 수축을 줄이기 위해서는 수축 저감제의 사용 및 적절한 양생이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2013

최근, 산업부산물의 재활용과 이산화탄소 저감은 사회적으로 매우 중요한 이슈이다. 이러한 측면에서 화력발전소에서 발생되는 석탄회는 콘크리트의 혼합재로 사용되는 것이 재활용 방안 중 최선으로 알려져 있다. 석탄회를 콘크리트에 사용하기 위하여 KS에서는 $SiO_2$, 분말도, 비중, 강열감량 및 활성도 지수 등의 품질 항목을 선정하여 관리하고 있다. 특히, 활성도 지수의 경우는 석탄회가 콘크리트에 사용될 때의 강도 발현성을 판정할 수 있는 가장 주요한 판정기준인데 반해서 실험소요 기간이 최소 28일 혹은 91일이 요구되는 단점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점에 착안하여 본 연구에서는 기존 활성도 지수를 대체하여 석탄회의 포졸란 반응성을 신속하게 측정할 수 있는 API 시험법을 적용하여, API 시험결과와 활성도지수 및 K-value와의 비교 분석을 통하여 API 시험법의 적용 가능성을 검토하고, 신속 측정방법인 API 시험법에 의한 국내 석탄회의 품질을 평가하고자 하였다. 실험 결과, 국내 석탄회는 수분 및 비중을 제외하고는 KS 품질기준을 대부분 만족하지 못하는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 유동층 보일러 애시는 고유의 특성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. API와 활성도지수 및 K-value의 경우, 각각의 상관성이 상당히 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 재령이 증가할수록 API와의 상관성은 점점 증가하는 것으로 나타나 장기 재령의 실험을 요구하는 활성도 지수 대신에 2일 내에 결과를 알 수 있는 API시험이 석탄회의 포졸란 반응성 평가에 매우 유용한 시험방법인 것으로 판단된다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2011

Clinical arthritis is typically divided into rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Arthritis-induced muscle weakness is a major problem in aged people, leading to a disturbance of balance during the gait cycle and frequent falls. The purposes of the present study were to confirm fiber type-dependent expression of muscle atrophy markers induced by arthritis and to identify the relationship between clinical signs and expression of muscle atrophy markers. Mice were divided into four experimental groups as follows: (1) negative control (normal), (2) positive control (CFA+acetic acid), (3) RA group (CFA+acetic acid+type II collagen), and (4) aging-induced OA group. DBQA/1J mice (8 weeks of age) were injected with collagen (50 ${\mu}g/kg$), and physiological (body weight) and pathological (arthritis score and paw thickness) parameters were measured once per week. The gastrocnemius muscle from animals in each group was removed, and the expression of muscle atrophy markers (MAFbx and MuRF1) and myosin heavy chain isoforms were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. No significant change in body weight occurred between control groups and collagen-induced RA mice at week 10. However, bovine type II collagen induced a dramatic increase in clinical score or paw thickness at week 10 (p<0.01). Concomitantly, the expression of the muscle atrophy marker MAFbx was upregulated in the RA and OA groups (p<0.01). A dramatic reduction in myosin heavy chain (MHC)-$I{\beta}$ was seen in the gastrocnemius muscles from RA and OA mice, while only a slight decrease in MHC-IIb was seen. These results suggest that muscle atrophy gene expression occurred in a fiber type-specific manner in both RA- and OA-induced mice. The present study suggests evidence regarding why different therapeutic interventions are required between RA and OA.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2013

Purpose: The optimal management for ankle fracture in elderly patients remains controversial. This study was undertaken to review the results of surgical treatment of ankle fracture in the elderly and to compare with other studies. Materials and Methods: The participants in this study were 33 patients over the age of 65(average 71.5 years) who underwent surgical treatment of ankle fracture from January 2004 to December 2011. The study was a retrospective review of outcomes after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of ankle fractures. To measure the clinical outcomes, we assessed postoperative complications, the pre- and post-operative mobility status, fracture union status, the time of fracture union and the AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) Ankle-Hindfoot scale. The level of patient satisfaction was also identified. Results: Delayed wound healing occurred in three patients(9.1%) but their wounds healed with repeated dressings without additional surgical treatment. Malunion occurred in one patient(3%). One patient(3%) had postoperative infection but healed with antibiotic treatment. 24 patients(96%) returned to preoperative mobility status. VAS score was lower than 2 in all patients. Bone union occurred with the 3.8 months (average months) after the surgery in all patients. Average AOFAS score was 87.4 and these were similar results as other studies of young patients. All patients were satisfied with surgical outcomes according to interviews. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of ankle fractures in the elderly can carry a significant risk of delayed wound healing and infection but incidence is relatively low. Internal fixation of ankle fractures in the elderly can be undertaken safely and the majority of patients can expect good outcome.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.260-272
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• 2010

This study examined how the participation rates contribute to subjects' outcomes after a nutrition education (once/week) and exercise (3 times/week) intervention program for 12 weeks in 44 obese female subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups: high-participator (HP) or low-participator (LP) groups according to their participation levels based on the median visit value (30 visits out of a total of 48 visits). Daily nutrient intakes assessed by a 24-hour recall, body composition, blood lipid profiles and physical fitness were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. After the intervention, weight, BMI, percent body fat, and the waist-hip ratio were significantly decreased in the HP group. In addition, the HP group had a greater rates of changes in weight (HP group: -6.6% and LP group: -3.1%, p < 0.01), BMI (-7.0% and -3.2%, p < 0.01), percent body fat (-7.8% and -4.2%, p < 0.05), and waist-hip ratio (-3.1% and -0.4%, p < 0.01) compared to the LP group. Energy-adjusted protein, fiber, potassium, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_6$, and vitamin C were significantly increased in the HP group. The HP group showed a significant increase in HDLcholesterol and a decrease in blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and atherogenic index (AI). While the muscle endurance, muscle strength, power, agility and flexibility were significantly increased in the HP group, agility and balance were improved in the LP group. In addition, dietary behavior score was significantly increased and stress score decreased in the HP group compared to the LP group. High participation rates were correlated with the improvement of the nutrient density (protein, fiber, potassium, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin $B_6$ and folate), anthropometric parameters (body weight, BMI and percent body fat), serum lipid profiles (HDL-cholesterol, Triglyceride, and AI) and physical fitness (muscle endurance) adjusted for age, menopausal status, alcohol drinking, nutritional supplement use and baseline BMI. Our results suggest that high participation in nutrition education and exercise program was effective not only for weight reduction but also for the improvement of physical fitness in obese women.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2009

Purpose: In the partial thickness burn management, despite of several advantages, the use of human amniotic membrane has been limited. The authors applied dried bovine amniotic membrane(DBAM) to overcome disadvantages of amniotic membrane for partial thickness burn and compared the effectiveness with cultured allogenic keratinocytes(CAK) that have been recently used for the management of burn. Methods: 16 patients with partial thickness burn, the mean age of 38 ranging 12 to 59 years, between August 2007 and May 2008 were assigned to this study. Either DBAM or CAK was applied, and the secondary dressing was removed on the following day. To compare treatment effect, time for epithelization, Vancouver scar scale and chromameteric results were evaluated. Results: The time for epithelization of DBAM was 10.1 days, that of CAK was 9.1 days, and they were shorter than the previous 2 - 3 weeks. At the follow up Vancouver scar scale was 2.8 for DBAM and 3.0 points for CAK and showed good results. The result of chromameter showed that the $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ values of the area applied DBAM were 60.1, 13.6, and 13.3, respectively, and the values of the area applied CAK were 60.1, 12.4, and 12.4, respectively. It was found that the skin color of the healed area after burn was darker, the redness was higher, and the yellowness was lower. After dressing, significant side effects were not observed, and in the cases of applying CAK, it was inconvenient as the moving area had to be fixed. Conclusion: With CAK, DBAM has several advantages such as the shortening of the epithelization period, reduction of scar and pigmentation, and convenient application, etc. Thus it is an effective method for the partial thickness burn management.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6-week sensorimotoor training on balance ability and lower limb muscle activation during gait in older adults. Methods: Twenty-four community-dwelling older adults between 65 and 90 years of age participated in this study. In the older adults of the experimental group (n=12), the sensorimotor training program was performed bare feet. General exercise was performed in the control group (n=12). Then, both groups exercised three times a week for forty minutes over a 6-week period. Balance ability was evaluated by One leg stand (OLS) test for determining the static balance and Timed Up & Go (TUG) test for determining the dynamic balance. In addition, muscle activation of the dominant lower limb tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius medialis muscles were measured by surface EMG to evaluate muscle activation during gait. Results: A significant improvement was seen in the one leg standing (OLS) time after exercise in both the sensorimotor training (SMT) group and general exercise (GE) group (p<0.05) and the change in the SMT group was greater than that in the GE group (p<0.05). A significant reduction was seen in the Timed Up & Go (TUG) test time after exercise in both the SMT group and GE group (p<0.05). Also, a significant increase was seen in muscle activation of tibialis anterior muscle after exercise in the SMT group (p<0.05), but no such significant increase was seen in the GE group (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that sensorimotor training improves the balance in older adults and has a more positive effect on muscular strength and gait. Sensorimotor training provided a variance of training environment and COG exercise of the body is thought to be a more effective exercise program that improves balance and gait ability in older adults.