• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2014

전 국가적으로 많은 정수장에서는 강화된 수질기준을 준수하는데 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 일반적으로 정수장 배출수처리시설은 고탁도를 기준으로 설계되기 때문에, 평상시에는 설계된 기간보다 장기간 체류할 수밖에 없는 실정이다. 평균 혹은 저탁도 원수가 유입되는 대부분 기간 동안 슬러지는 농축조에서 장기체류하기 때문에 혐기화되어, 용해성 망간 및 클로로포름이 형성된다. 위 문제를 해결하기 위해서 경제적이고, 손쉽게 도입 가능한 슬러지 폭기 공법을 개발하였으며, 본 연구는 이 공법의 원리 및 효과를 분석한 것이다. 슬러지 폭기 공법의 원리는 산화된 입자성 망간이 용해성 망간으로 환원되는 것을 방지하며, 생성된 클로로포름을 대기중으로 배출 제거시키며, 슬러지 입자를 균질화 시켜 침강성을 개선하는 것이다. 위 공법의 효과분석을 위하여 정수장 농축조에서 슬러지를 폭기시킨 후 상징수의 망간 및 클로로포름을 측정하고, 슬러지의 고-액 계면의 높이를 측정한 결과, 비폭기 경우에 비해 망간은 41%, 클로로포름은 62% 슬러지 부피는 35% 감소되는 효과를 얻었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.106-114
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• 1998

In this research, single-, two- and four-stage intermittently aerated activated sludge system were investigated for simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus with swine wastewater. For the comparison of removal efficiency, conventional activated sludge system was operated. Operational conditions of intermittently aerated activated sludge system were SRT 20day, HRT 24hr and aeration/nonaeration time 1hr/1hr, respectively. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency in Intermittently aerated activated sludge system was upgraded compare with conventional activated sludge system. In single-stage intermittently aerated activated sludge system, release-uptake of $PO_4^{3-}-P$ was observed very well but, phosphosrus removal in effluent was not effective. In single-stage intermittently aerated activated sludge system, release-uptake of $PO_4^{3-}-P$ in first reactor, was observed very well but, in following reactor, $PO_4^{3-}-P$ concentation showed almost no change. T-N removal efficiency in conventional activated sludge system, single-, two-, and four-stage intermittently aerated activated sludge system were 48, 87, 90.9 and 95.5%, respectively, and phosphorus removal efficiency were 48, 75, 97 and 95%, respectively. Intermittently aerated activated sludge system as a alternative processes of conventional system leads to meet satisfactory effleunt with only on/off aeration regulation and save energy for aeration.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.447-456
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• 2018

In this research, the target process was a modified type of a conventional aeration tank with four different influent feeding points and alternated aeration to obtain nitrogen removal. For more accurate switching of influent feeding, the process was operated under a designed control strategy based on monitoring of $NH_4-N$ and $NO_X-N$ concentrations in the tank. However, the strategy did have some limitations. For example, it was not sensitive to detecting the end of each reaction when losing the balance between nitrification and denitrification of each opposite part of biological tank. To overcome the limitations of the existing control strategy, a diagnosis-based control strategy was suggested in this research using the diagnosis results classified as normal (N), ammonia accumulation (AA) and nitrate accumulation (NA). Using the pre-designed rules for control actions, the aeration and volume of the aerated part of the reactor could be increased or decreased at a fixed mode time. In simulations of the suggested diagnosis-based control strategy, the $NH_4-N$ and $NO_X-N$ removal rates in the reactor were maintained at higher levels than those of the existing control strategy.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2003

축산폐수를 처리 시 우선 탈수 후 고상은 퇴비화, 액상을 연속회분식반응기(Sequencing batch reactor, SBR)로 이용하여 처리하는 시스템을 구상하였다. 영양염류 제거를 위한 SBR 공정의 안정적인 운전을 위한 운전모드 결정 실험을 수행하였다. K시 공공축산폐수처리장의 원심분리기에서 나온 유출수를 사용한 실험에서 질소를 제거하기 위한 적정 fill ratio는 1/12, SRT는 15일, 폭기/비폭기 주기는 2시간/1시간이었다. 탈질을 위하여 주입한 외부탄소원으로는 메탄올을 사용하였고 single feeding 방법과 step feeding 방법을 사용하였다. 이 결과 step feeding 방법을 사용시 더 효과적으로 유기물을 사용 탈질효율을 증가시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.140-147
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• 2010

In existing design method for aeration tank water temperature was considered as governing variable for applying safety factor. This study tried a few new approach of aeration tank design using SOUR at various temperature conditions. Specific substrate utilization rate (U) and specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) both were analyzed at various temperature and SRT. The laboratory scale reactor was operated on various temperature ($10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$) and SRT (5day, 10day, 20day, 30day). In this study, SOUR tended to increase with the temperature increased. On the other hand, SOUR tended to decrease when SRT increased from 5 days to 30 days. Empirical equations were obtained SOUR=a/SRT+b and $SOUR=(a/m){\cdot}U+(b-a(n/m))$ from the relationship between SRT, U and SOUR. Empirical equations shows the possibility as a new design method for the aeration basin.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2016

This study aimed to evaluate SBR operation cycle for removing the high-concentration organic matter of distillery wastewater in the ginseng processing plant. The experiment was conducted with the use of a laboratory scale SBR reactor and distillery wastewater as the influent. The results indicated an increase in pH from 4.08 to 7.59 of distillery wastewater after aeration for 2 hours. Also, the optimum SBR operation cycle for the removal of organic matter and nitrogen was 2 hr of aeration and 6 hr of anaerobic conditions. Adjustment of proper pH through aeration time is most critical in the SBR operation for distillery wastewater treatment. In this study, we presented an efficient method for distillery wastewater treatment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2012

To develop a practical and cost-effective medium for bioethanol production from the hydrolysate of seaweed Sargassum sagamianum, we investigated the feasibility and performance of bioethanol production in CSL (corn-steep liquor)-containing medium, where yeast Pichia stipitis was used and the repeated batch was carried out in a surface-aerated fermentor. The optimal medium replacement time during the repeated operation was determined to be 36 h, and the surface aeration rates were 30 and 100 ml/min. Under these conditions, the repeated-batch operation was successfully carried out for 6 runs (216 h), in which the maximum bioethanol concentrations reached about 11-12 g/l at each batch operation. These results demonstrated that bioethanol production could be carried out repeatedly and steadily for 216 h. In these experiments, the total cumulative bioethanol production was 57.9 g and 58.0 g when the surface aeration rates were 30 ml/min and 100 ml/min, respectively. In addition, the bioethanol yields were 0.43 (about 84% of theoretical value) and 0.44 (about 86% of theoretical value) when the surface aeration rates were 30 ml/min and 100 ml/min, respectively. CSL was successfully used as a medium ingredient for the bioethanol production from the hydrolysate of seaweed Sargassum sagamianum, indicating that this medium may be practical and cost-effective for bioethanol production.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2001

퇴비화시 생물학적 활성을 증대하고 악취발생을 최소화 할 수 있는 적절한 공기주입율을 구명하고자 밀폐형 bench-scale reartor 퇴비화 시스템을 이용하여 시험을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1) 공기주입율이 증가할수록 생물학적 활성은 증대하여 0.6 L/min/kg dry-solids 처리가 가장 높았고, 퇴비화 35일째의 퇴적물 품질도 가장 양호하였다. 2) 암모니아 평균 배출농도는 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.4 < 0.2 L/min/kg dry-solids 처리 순으로 낮았으며, 0.6 L/min/kg dry-solids 처리시 암모니아 배출농도는 0.2 L/min/kg dry-solids 처리에 비해 약 40% 수준에 불과하였다. 3) 계분톱밥 퇴비화시 주요 악취원인 황화합물 가스는 공기주입율이 낮을수록 배출농도가 높고 배출기간도 길어지는 경향이었으나, 0.6 L/min/㎏ dry-solids 처리에서는 전혀 검출되지 않았다. 4) 계분톱밥 퇴적물의 초기 수분함량을 60%로 조절하고 0.6 L/min/kg dry-solids의 공기주입율로 퇴비화할 경우 생물학적 활성증대로 인한 양질의 퇴비생산과 황화합물 및 암모니아에 대한 악취발생을 최소화 할 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2010

The evaluation of organic matters and nutrients removal was investigated for the synthetic wastewater and the high strength of dairy wastewater. Two different systems were performed for this research. System A composing of a single RBC with tapered aeration was fed with the synthetic wastewater for 74 days with 173L/day of influent, 200% of internal return and 100% of sludge return for the period 1 and 2. The feed conditions were maintained 346L/day of influent, 50% of internal return and sludge return for the period 3. The dairy wastewater was introduced to evaluate treatment efficiency for system B composing of dual RBCs and tapered aeration tanks for 50 days of experimental run time, in which hydraulic rates were maintained at the constant ratios of 346L/day, 50% of internal return and 50% of sludge return. The spiral string media made of nylon fibre was attached by Bacillus sp. in RBC for both systems. The specific area of string media was $1.4m^2$/m and biomass was maintained at the concentrations of 23g/m. The synthetic wastewater was supplied by 1,800mg/L of glucose, 500mg/L of $NH_4Cl$, and 500mg/L of $KH_2PO_4$ to system A. The dairy wastewater was supplied to system B from dairy production plant. The average influent concentrations were 1,334mg/L of BOD, 2,014mg/L of CODcr, 160mg/L of T-N, and 12mg/L of T-P in system A. The average influent concentrations of parameters were 1,006 mg/L for BOD, 1,875mg/L for $COD_{cr}$, 51.6mg/L for T-N and 8.9mg/L for T-P in system B. Results indicated that removal efficiencies of BOD and $COD_{cr}$ were more than 90% however, the removal efficiency of T-N was 87%, and that of T-P was 82% for system A. Removal efficiencies were 98.5% of BOD, 91.3% of nitrogen and 89% of phosphorus for system B. The removal efficiencies of organic matters, T-N and T-P were higher in system B than in system A. The effluent quality issued by the stringent national legislations for the discharge of the high strength of dairy products wastewater can be improved using sequential RBCsand tapered aeration reactors rather than a single RBC and tapered aeration reactors with Bacillus sp.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.472-481
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• 2000

축분(우분) 퇴비화시 악취 경감과 양질의 퇴비생산을 위한 적절한 공기주입율을 설정하고자, 밀폐형 반응조 (242l)에 우분과 볏짚의 혼합물(65% 수분함량)을 퇴적하고 0.09, 0.18, 0.90 및 $1.79l\;min^{-1}kg^{-1}dry-solids^{-1}$ 4처리의 공기량을 주입하여 574시간의 퇴비기간동안 퇴적물내의 산소농도 및 산소소비율의 변화와 황화합물 가스의 발생양상 및 산소농도와의 상관관계를 구명하였다. 1. 퇴적물내의 산소농도는 공기주입 즉시 급격히 감소하였으며, 공기주입을 $0.90l\;min^{-1}kg^{-1}dry-solids^{-1}$이하 처리에서의 산소제한성(산소 15%이하)은 공기주입율과 부의 지수적 관계로써 35~300시간의 범위에 있었으나 $1.79l\;min^{-1}kg^{-1}$에서는 산소제한성이 없었다. 2. 공기주입율별 산소소비율은 $0.80{\sim}1.57O_2g\;h^{-1}\;kg^{-1}VS^{-1}$ 범위로써 그 크기는 0.90> 1.79> 0.18> $0.09lmin^{-1}kg^{-1}$ 순이었고, 누적산소소비량은 $460{\sim}900O_2g\;kg^{-1}VS^{-1}$ 범위를 나타내었다. 최대 산소소비량은 공기주입율 $1.2{\sim}1.3lmin^{-1}\;kg^{-1}$ 범위로 추정되었다. 3. 황화수소, 이산화 황 및 메틸멀캅탄 가스의 배출농도는 퇴비화 초기에 극도로 높고 후기로 갈수록 급격히 감소하였으며, 처리별로는 공기주입율이 증가할수록 뚜렷이 감소하였다. 가스의 평균 배출농도는 0.03~2.18, 0~0.50, 0.07~3.38 ppm으로 각각 배출되어 그 농도의 크기는 매틸멀캅탄> 황화수소> 이산화황의 순이었다. 4. 퇴적물내의 산소농도와 황화합물 가스의 배출농도와는 1% 고도의 부의 지수적 상관이 있었으며, 황화수소와 메틸멀캅탄 가스는 산소농도 5%이하에서 급격히 증가하고 15%이상에서는 거의 배출되지 않으나 이산화황은 산소농도 29%에서도 배출되는 것으로 추정되었다.