• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.535-545
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• 2020

This study aims to conserve and monitor energy use in public sewage treatment plants by utilizing data from the SCADA system and by controlling the aeration rate required for maintaining effluent water quality. Power consumption in the sewage treatment process was predicted using the equipment's uptime, efficiency, and inherent power consumption. The predicted energy consumption was calibrated by measured data. Additionally, energy efficiency indicators were proposed based on statistical data for energy use, capacity, and effluent quality. In one case study, a sewage treatment plant operated via the SBR process used ~30% of energy consumed in maintaining the bioreactors and treated water tanks (included decanting pump and cleaning systems). Energy consumption analysis with the K-ECO Tool-kit was conducted for unit processing. The results showed that about 58.7% of total energy consumed was used in the preliminary and biological treatment rotating equipment such as the blower and pump. In addition, the energy consumption rate was higher to the order of 19.2% in the phosphorus removal process, 16.0% during sludge treatment, and 6.1% during disinfection and discharge. In terms of equipment energy usage, feeding and decanting pumps accounted for 40% of total energy consumed following 27% for blowers. By controlling the aeration rate based on the proposed feedback control system, the DO concentration was reduced by 56% compared pre-controls and the aeration amount decreased by 28%. The overall power consumption of the plant was reduced by 6% via aeration control.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2024

Wastewater management is increasingly emphasizing economic and environmental sustainability. Traditional methods in sewage treatment plants have significant implications for the environment and the economy due to power and chemical consumption, and sludge generation. To address these challenges, a study was conducted to develop the Intermittent Cycle Extended Aeration System (ICEAS). This approach was implemented as the primary technique in a full-scale wastewater treatment facility, utilizing key operational factors within the standard Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) process. The optimal operational approach, identified in this study, was put into practice at the research facility from January 2020 to December 2022. By implementing management strategies within the biological reactor, it was shown that maintaining and reducing chemical quantities, sludge generation, power consumption, and related costs could yield economic benefits. Moreover, adapting operations to influent characteristics and seasonal conditions allowed for efficient blower operation, reducing unnecessary electricity consumption and ensuring proper dissolved oxygen levels. Despite annual increases in influent flow rate and concentration, this study demonstrated the ability to maintain and reduce sludge production, electricity consumption, and chemical usage. Additionally, systematic responses to emergencies and abnormal situations significantly contributed to economic, technical, and environmental benefits.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권1B호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2006

간헐포기방식의 슬러지 소화 기술에 대한 비용을 분석하였다. 포기비율은 간헐포기소화의 가장 중요한 설계인자이며, 포기 비율에 따라 시설비와 동력비가 달라진다. 목표 SS 제거율을 35%로 설정하고, 철근콘크리트형식의 SBR 간헐포기소화조를 설계하였으며, 이로부터 시설비와 동력비를 산출하였다. 비용 평가는 할인율과 경제성장율을 고려하는 현재가치로 환산하는 방법을 사용하였다. 포기비율이 낮은 경우는 시설비가 높지만 동력비는 적게 소요되며, 포기비율이 높으면 반대로 시설비는 낮지만 동력비는 증가한다. 초기시설비는 호기성 소화가 간헐포기소화보다 더 저렴하다. 그러나, 총비용면에서 내용연수 약 10년 이상의 운전에서는 간헐포기소화가 호기성 소화보다 더 유리하다. 특히, 내용연수가 길수록 최적 포기비율은 낮아지며, 내용연수가 45년 정도일 때 최적포기비율은 0.3 정도이고, 이 경우 총비용은 호기성소화의 64% 수준이다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2001

The effects of agitaion and aeration on mycelial growth, exo-polysaccharide (EPS) production, and substrate consumption upon the submerged cultivation of G. lucidum were investigated, and the batch kinetics of the EPS fermentation of G. lucidum were interpreted as function of agitation speed and aeration rate. In a 2.6 L jar fermenter system, the optimum agitation speed and aeration rate for EPS production were determined to be 400 rpm and 1.0 vvm, respectively. The maximum production of EPS obtained was 15 g/L. The logistic model for mycelial growth fitted the experimental data better than that determined by the Monod and the two-thirds power models. The Luedeking-Piret equation adequately modelled the kinetic data obtained for product and substrate.

• 공업화학
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.509-516
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• 2006

Rushton turbine, paddle and propeller 임펠러 등 표준적인 임펠러가 부착된 기-액-고 3상교반조에서 고-액간 물질이동계수 $k_L$를 측정하였다. 표준적인 임펠러들에 대한 부유화한계회전수 $N_{js}$는 임펠러 높이와 가스유속에 따라 변했다. 입자부유가 통기에 의존한 Rushton turbine 임펠러의 물질이동계수는 Pgv에만 상관하였다. Rushton turbine, paddle and propeller 임펠러에 대한 물질이동계수 $k_L$은 임펠러의 종류에 의하지 않고 임펠러 위치에 영향을 받았다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2016

The research aims to study the different flexible rubber tube diffusers used in urban wastewater treatment processes and aquaculture systems. The experiment was conducted in small-scale aeration tank with different physical properties of the tubes that were used as aerators. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient ($k_La$), oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) and aeration efficiency (AE) were measured and determined to compare the diffusers. Moreover, the bubble hydrodynamic parameters were analyzed in terms of bubble diameter ($d_B$) and rising velocity ($U_B$) by a high speed camera (2,000 frames/s). Then the interfacial area (a) and liquid-side mass transfer coefficient ($k_L$) can be calculated. The physical properties (tube wall thickness, tensile strength, orifice size, hardness and elongation) have been proven to be the key factor that controls the performance (kLa and OTE). The effects of hardness and elongation on bubble formation, orifice size and a-area were clearly proved. It is not necessary to generate too much fine bubbles to increase the a-area: this relates to high power consumption and the decrease of the kL. Finally, the wall thickness, elongation and hardness associated of the flexible tube diffuser (tube No. 12) were concluded, to be the suitable properties for practically producing, in this research.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.542-547
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• 2021

글라스 라이닝 임펠러는 강산을 포함한 대부분의 화학물질들에 대해 내부식성이 있고, 또한 평활하고 눌어붙지 않는 표면을 가지며 세정이 용이하고 프로세스에 불순물들을 유입하지 않는 강점을 갖고 있다. 글라스 라이닝 HOMEBASE 임펠러는 저점도 유체에서 고점도 유체까지 폭넓은 점도 범위의 액체를 교반할 수 있도록 개발된 다목적형 대형 교반 임펠러이나, 그중에서도 세포 배양이나 효모의 배양, 맥주 발효 솥 등은 저점도 액의 통기 교반에 많이 사용하며, 특히 공기-수계의 통기성 교반에 많이 적용한다. 구조가 간단하면서도 성능 면에서 경쟁력을 갖는 HOMEBASE 임펠러에 대한 글라스 라이닝은 제작상 임펠러와 샤프트의 접합 면적을 가능한 한 작게 할 수 있도록 상하 분할이 필수적이다. 임펠러의 상하 분할은 혼합 성능에는 거의 영향을 미치지 않지만, 통기 성능을 저하하였다. 본 연구에서는 Glass Lined HOMEBASE 임펠러 형상의 최적화를 위해, 상·하부로 분할된 임펠러 사이의 장착각도차와 임펠러 사이의 간격 및 방해판의 개수가 통기 동력에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 상·하부로 분할된 임펠러 사이의 장착각도차와 간격이 통기를 할 때의 동력 P_g와 통기가 없을 때의 동력 P₀의 비인 P_g/P₀를 저하시킨다는 연구 결과를 통해 Glass Lined HOMEBASE 임펠러 최적 형상과 방해판 조건을 도출하였다.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1998년도 제6회 하계 Workshop (98 한국막학회, 국립환경연구원 국제 Workshop, 수자원 보전과 막분리 공정)
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• pp.113-133
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• 1998

In activated sludge process, sludge settling condition is affected by organic loading rate or operation condition, and if settling condition is getting worse, it is common that overall process fails due to wash-out of biomass causing low concentration in the aeration tank. Also activated sludge process has such several problems as requiring large area, consuming a lot of power and producing large volume of sludge. Increased public concern over health and the environment combined with a strong desire to reduce capital, operating and maintenance costs, have created a need for innovative technologies for building new high quality effluents which vail meet 21st century crkeria. MBR(Membrane Bioreactor) process consists of a biological reactor and ultrafiltration(UF) membrane system that replaces the conventional clarifier of an activated sludge process. The main operating advantages of this system are that the quality of the effluent is independent of the settleability of the mixed liquor and that the effluent is free of suspended solids in any operating condition. It is possible to eliminate clarifier and to reduce the volume of aeration tank because it can afford to accumulate high biomass concentration in the bioreactor(20, 000~30, 000mg/L), which would not be possible in a conventional activated sludge process. Therefore, this process reduces overall treatment plant area. In addition to those advantages, Longer SRT condition enables higher sludge digestion in MBR process so the sludge volume produced is 50 to 70% lower than that of conventional activated sludge process There are two kinds of MBR process according to the allocations of membrane. One is cross flow type MBR of which module is located outside of the bioreactor and mixed liquor is driven into the membrane module. The other is submerged type MBR process of which module is submerged in the bioreactor and mixed liquor is generally sucked from the lumen side. addition to that the cake layer is often removed by the uplifting flow of bubbling air. A submerged MBR process is superior to a crossflow MBR in regard to the power consumption because suction pressure of a submerged MBR is generally lower than that of a crossflow MBR which has recirculation pump. A submerged MBR, therefore, has the potential to be applied to small wastewater treatment plants that need low cost treatment systems.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2021

It is generally known that a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) consumes immense energy even if it can produce energy. With an aim to increase the energy independence rate of WWTP from 3.5% in 2010 to 50% in 2030, the Korean government has invested enormous research funds. In this study, cost-effective operating alternatives were investigated by analyzing the energy efficiency and economic feasibility for biogas and power generation using new and renewable energy. Based on the US EPA Energy Conservation Measures and Korea ESCO projects, energy production and independence rate were also analyzed. The main energy consumption equipment in WWTP is the blower for aeration, discharge pump for effluent, and pump for influent. Considering the processes of WWTP, the specific energy consumption rate of the process using media and MBR was the lowest (0.549 kWh/㎥) and the highest (1.427 kWh/㎥), respectively. Energy-saving by enhancing anaerobic digester efficiency was turned out to be efficient when in conjunction with stable wastewater treatment. The result of economic analysis (B/C ratio) was 2.5 for digestive gas power generation, 0.86 for small hydropower, 0.49 for solar energy, and 0.15 for wind energy, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that the energy independence rate could be enhanced by installing energy production facilities such as solar and small hydropower and reducing energy consumption via the replacement of high-efficiency operating.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2013

Sewage treatment plants are energy hogs. Among many, aeration systems account for 40-50 percent of the total energy use. To save energy, strengthening oxygen transfer characteristics is necessary. In order to do so, microscopic bubble-creating equipment is a prerequisite. This study focuses on microscopic bubble-producing air diffuser manufacture to save energy and enhance oxygen transfer.