• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.449-454
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• 2008

Some pretreatment methods have been proposed to enhance the biodegradability and to shorten the hydrolysis reaction time. By means of efficient pretreatment the suspended solids (SS) can be made of better accessible for the anaerobic bacteria. There are several ways how this can be accomplished, which include biological, mechanical, thermal, and chemical methods. For the sludge solubilization using the cavitation phenomenon, we have tried to develop a pretreatment process consisted of a reactor and pumps. The objectives of this study were to develop a advanced wastewater treatment consisted of IABR and the cavitation with PGA. The most effective removal for organic matter and nutrients were occured when both cavitation pretreatment and ${\gamma}$-PGA were applied at the IABR process. Only small portion of ${\gamma}$-PGA at a rate of 1.38mg/L, was enough to improve sedimentation ability, SS removal efficiencies, and sludge volume reduction. After the sludge solubilization by the cavitation, SCOD increased to 193% and SS decreased to 36%. The removal ratio of BOD was 94.5%, T-N removal ratio was 85.5% and T-P removal ratio was 84.9%. The combination process of the IABR with the cavitation and PGA addition seems to be very effective alternative wastewater treatment process.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2012

처리공정별 연계처리수질을 검토한 결과 생물학적처리만 거친 생물반응조 처리수의 경우 연계부하율이 $COD_{Mn}$의 경우 1.67%(설계수질 기준), 2.59%(운영수질 기준), T-P의 경우 3.69%(설계수질 기준), 7.67%(운영수질 기준)로 다소 높게 나타났으나 하수처리장 운영에 미치는 영향은 거의 없을 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 고도처리공정인 산화부상분리 처리수 및 생물여과 처리수의 경우 연계부하율은 1% 내외로 고도처리설비 설치 시 과대 설비설치의 우려가 있다. 따라서 S하수처리장의 경제성 및 안정적인 운영을 고려할 경우 생물학적처리인 생물반응조를 거친 처리수를 연계하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2007

A biological anoxic-aerobic reactor filled with porous media was operated in lab scale for the advanced wastewater treatment. The experiments were conducted for 6 months with three HRTs (4, 6, 8hr) and temperature of $23{\sim}25^{\circ}C$. Some other experimental conditions were as follows; nitrification reactor (MLSS 4,500mg/L, DO 3.3mg/L, $23{\sim}28^{\circ}C$), denitrification reactor(MLSS 8,000mg/L, ORP -100mV, Temp.$19{\sim}23^{\circ}C$). Average removal efficiencies of SS, $BOD_5$, $COD_{Cr}$, T-N, and T-P were 97.8%, 95.5%, 94.5%, 80.2%, and 60.6%, respectively. The reactor filled with porosity media showed stable removal capacity for organics and nutrients. Fast and complete nitrification and denitrification were accomplished. Maintaining high MLSS with porous media in the nitrification and denitrification reactor appears to enhance the nitrogen removal process. For the higher T-P removal, some coagulant addition process will be needed.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제25권A호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2005

In this study, as MBBR(Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) process using waste tire media is suggested for retrofitting with advanced wastewater treatment and the removal property of organic matter and nutrient and the capacity of media are evaluated through long-term operation with pilot plant following seasons, the application capacity of retrofitting with MBBR process to a existing wastewater treatment is studied. As a result of the long-term operation of the process, it is proved that there is no loss and abrasion of media, and also that it is possible to secure the sufficient attached bio-mass. The values of organic matter and nutrient in effluent are suitable for the strict discharged water quality standards in every season including winter.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2009

In this research, a retrofitting process, which consists of a pretreatment system (coagulation) for dye wastewater combined with a biological nutrient system (MLE process using media), for a sewage treatment plant that has to treat dye wastewater efficiently with domestic wastewater were developed and a pilot plant was operated for verifying adoptability and performance of the developed advanced process for dye wastewater. From the results of the pilot plant operation, BOD 52.9%, $COD_{Cr}$ 55.9%, and color 71.3% were removed in pretreatment of coagulation process and the biodegradability of dye wastewater was improved to $0.32{\sim}0.59BOD/COD_{Cr}$ of the coagulated wastewater from $0.29{\sim}0.43BOD/COD_{Cr}$ of the raw dye wastewater. The final effluent concentrations were BOD of 8 mg/L, $COD_{Cr}$ of 43 mg/L, $COD_{Mn}$ of 18 mg/L, T-N of 8 mg/L, and T-P of 1.3 mg/L, respectively. Color was removed from 1655 to 468 unit by coagulation and then to 123 unit by MLE process. The HPLC analysis of aromatic amines in wastewater showed that decolorization was achieved by cometabolism while aromatic amines were produced by cleavage of azo bonds under anaerobic conditions and these products were removed in an aerobic tank subsequently. Nitrification rates of attached and suspended microorganisms were evaluated comparatively and the acclimating conditions of bacteria on media were validated by the scanning electron microscope.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 1999

In recent years increasing production and disposal of wastewater have caused an accelerated eutrophication of receiving waters. Therefore, in order to alleviate the detrimental impact of wastewater discharge, there is an increasing demand for removing the main nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as the organic content of the waste water prior to disposal. This is effectively achieved by extended conventional treatment technology. However, the working expenses and energy requirements of such advanced treatment systems are rather high. So in a sparsely populated rural community is required development of wastewater treatment system combined with the regional characteristics. In this study, the systems are planted with Reeds and Amaryllis In A.C and estimated purification potential of system. The results obtained are as follows. BOD removal rate is 20% in the early stage, the last removal rate is 35% in A.C process and is 65% in Amaryllis+A.C process and is 50% in Reed+A.C process. T-N removal rate by Amaryllis is average 2.6g/$m^3$ㆍd, T-N removal rate by Reed is average 1.76g/$m^3$ㆍd. T-P removal rate by Amaryllis is average 0.27g/$m^3$ㆍd, T-P removal rate by Reed is average 0.25g/$m^3$ㆍd. BOD removal rate constant with retention time is 1.4494(1/d), T-N removal rate constant is 0.5428(1/d), T-P removal rate constant is 0.5287(1/d).

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2009

Bacterial numbers, such as endospore-formers, and treatment efficiencies were investigated for Rotating Activated Bacillus Contactors (RABC) and other advanced wastewater treatment processes including anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O), sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and biological aerated filter (BAF). Endospore-forming bacterial numbers in the RABC showed 129-fold higher levels than those of the existing advanced systems. RABC process demonstrated the highest bacterial numbers in its bioreactors (paired t-test, p<0.01). RBC biofilms and aeration tanks of the RABC system showed 131- and 476-fold higher than other existing advanced processes, respectively. Mean treatment efficiencies of the existing systems were 83.5% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 59.1% for total nitrogen (TN) and 76.8% for total phosphorus (TP). However, RABC process removed 96.9% for COD, 96.9% for TN and 91.9% for TP for highly concentrated food wastewater (COD>1,500 mg/L, TN>150 mg/L, TP>50 mg/L). Treatment efficiency was significantly reduced when the numbers of Bacillus genus in the bioreactors decreased below $10^6CFU/mL$. The automated RABC (A-RABC), in which dissolved oxygen concentrations are automatically controlled, showed higher treatment efficiencies compared to the RABC process. The RABC system maintained sufficient bacterial numbers for the effective treatment of highly concentrated food wastewater. Moreover, final effluent was in agreement to water quality standards.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.190-195
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• 2004

A new technology for advanced wastewater treatment was developed using a modified Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) process, named as Rotating Activated Bacillus Contactor (RABC) process that utilizes Bacillus sp., the facultatively anaerobic or activated microaerophilic bacteria on multiple-stage reticular rotating carriers, as a predominant species. The RABC process for a municipal wastewater with relatively low concentrations of organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus showed stable and high removal efficiencies, less than $BOD_5$ 10 mg/L, T-N 15 mg/L, and T-P 1.5 mg/L in final effluent. The performance load of RABC process was shown to be $1.23kg{\cdot}BOD/m^2{\cdot}day$ for the first stage (average $0.31kg{\cdot}BOD/m^2{\cdot}day$ for the total stages) based on both removed BOD and converted disc area corresponding to the reticular one. The sludge produced in the RABC process is characterized by low generation rate (about $0.18kg{\cdot}MLSS/kg{\cdot}BOD$) and excellent settleability. The number ratio of Bacillus ($2.4{\times}10^6CFU/ml$) to heterotrophic bacteria ($3.6{\times}10^7CFU/ml$) inhabiting in the biofilms of the RABC process was 6.7 %, indicating that Bacillus sp. was a predominant species in the biofilms. The RABC process with reticular rotating carriers showed its excellent performance for the advanced wastewater treatment without any offensive odor problem due to organic overloading.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2006

The effluent discharge standards of industrial wastewater has become more stringent since 2003. Many industrial wastewater treatment plants has been upgraded to advanced treatment facilities. There are high concentrations of nitrate(>200 mg/L) and ammonium(>50 mg/L) nitrogen in the acrylic fiber wastewater of H textile Co. Wastewater from acrylic fiber industry containing acrylonitrile, which may affect the subsequent biological treatment process. Manufacturing of acrylic fiber also produces shock loadings. Excessive acrylonitrile and polymer debris produced in the polymerization process was screened, coagulated with CaO and settled down. A preaeration system was added to treat this high pH effluent to remove volatile organic compound and ammonia nitrogen by the air stripping effect. it was found that nitrification rate was not sufficient in the Anoxic/Oxic(AO) process. One denitrification tank was converted to nitrification reactor to extend HRT of nitrification. Nitrification rate of ammonia nitrogen was promoted from 32% to 67% by this modification and effluent nitrogen concentration was well satisfied with the effluent standards since then.

• 멤브레인
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.375-388
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• 2017

하 폐수 처리 기술은 종래 단순 오염물질 처리에서 에너지 및 자원 절약형의 고도처리 기술로 발전되고 있으며, 공공 수역으로의 오염 물질과 유독 물질 배출을 최소화하고 설치 운영의 효율성을 높이기 위해 IT 및 BT와 같은 다양한 기술을 접목한 융합형 기술로 진화하고 있다. 국내 하 폐수 처리기술의 발전 추이를 살펴보기 위해 등록된 특허기술을 수집 조사하여 연도별 부문별로 분류하여 분석하였다. 본고에서 2010년~2017년 5월 간의 관련된 특허 등록 내용을 생물학적 물리화학적 처리공정, 장치 및 기기, 소재 제재, 슬러지처리, 분리막, 공정제어기술 등 10개 분야의 42개 세부 영역으로 나누어 추세를 분석했다. 총 3,356건의 특허가 등록되었으며 2013년에 638건으로 최고치를 기록한 이후 다소 감소하여 연간 3~400여 건을 유지하고 있다. 등록된 특허 총 건수는 아직 다른 국가에 비해 적지는 않으나 공정 제어 및 기기 분야, 신개념 처리 기술과 같이 세계 시장을 선도할 수 있는 첨단 기술의 특허는 타 분야에 비해 미흡한 것으로 나타났다.