• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.239-248
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• 2006

This study was conducted not only to investigate effects of different supplementation levels of Acanthopanax senticosus leaves on feed intakes, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, and blood metabolites in Korean black goats but also to obtain basic data for nutritive value of Acanthopanax senticosus leaves and production of high quality functional animal products. Twelve Korean black goats were allotted to treatments in four groups of three goats per treatment and then they were housed in individual metabolism cages with completely random arrangements for 21 days. Four treatments were separated into controls and three different supplementation levels of Acanthopanax senticosus such as 10, 20 and 30%, respectively. For the chemical composition of experimental diets, crude protein (CP) contents of controls were 13.39% and those of supplementation treatments were lowered with increasing levels of Acanthopanax senticosus. Control groups tended to have higher acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents as compared to supplementation groups, but non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) contents tended to be higher far supplementation groups than those for controls. Feed intakes had no significant difference among treatments, but digestible dry matter amounts were significantly higher for 20 and 30% supplementation groups than those for other treatments. Dry matter intakes per metabolic body weight and their ratio per body weight were highest in 20% group, but those of 40% groups were lowest (p<0.05). Crude protein, ADF and NDF digestibilities were significantly higher in Acanthopanax senticosus supplementation groups in comparison to controls (p<0.05), and in particular, they were increased with increasing supplementation levels of tranthopanax senticosus. Nitrogen retention was significantly higher for 20 and 30% treatments than those fur controls (p<0.05). Plasma urea nitrogen concentration was significantly lower for 30% supplementation group than those fur controls (p<0.05). Furthermore, plasma triglyceride concentration was significantly lower for Acanthopanax senticosus groups than those for controls (p<0.05). The results showed that supplemental level of 20% Acanthopnnax senticosus leaves to Korean black goats improved nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, and plasma urea nitrogen and triglyceride concentrations. Consequently, it might contribute to more efficient production of Korean black goats.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.251-260
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• 2002

The corn (Zea mays L) planting date in a double-cropping system is delayed until mid-May due to delayed rye harvest on May. This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum harvesting time for high yield and the best quality of silage corn at late planting date after harvesting winter rye. Corns were planted on 21 May and harvested at eight different maturity stage at Seoul National University Experimental Livestock Farm, Suwon in 1997. Maturities were B (blister; 16 days after silking), M (milk; 20 days), LM (late milk; 24 days), SD (soft dough; 28 days), ED (early dent; 33 days), FD (full dent; 38 days), LD (late dent; 44 days) and PM (physiological maturity; 53 days) stages. The percentage of whole plant dry matter (DM) showed optimum range for silage making (29.0 to 38.5%) when corn plant was harvested at between ED and LD stages. Maximum whole plant DM (14,831 kg/ha) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields (10,675 kg/ha) reached at full dent stage. The percentage of whole plant acid detergent fiber (ADF) was decreased from 35.4 to 22.1%, and that of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was also decreased from 63.8 to 46.0% as harvest stage progressed. These changes in chemical compositions were associated with changes in plant part composition. A progressive increase in total ear, and the decrease in stover portion in the plant were observed with advance in harvest stage. Calculated on net energy for lactation (NEL) and TDN values based on ADF percentage of stover plant decreased by ED stage and then increased by PM stage. But NEL and TDN values of ear and whole plant increased as harvest stage progressed. While in vitro dry matter digestibility of stover was decreased from 61.1 to 49.7%, whole plant was increased from 58.3 to 65.7% as maturity advanced (P$<$0.05). The results of this study indicate that corn can be harvested for silage at full (1/2 milkline) and late dent (2/3 milkline) stages for maximum yield and optimum quality at late planting. And days after silking at late planting was 38 and 44 days.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.243-249
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• 2019

A barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar 'Youjin' with hooded spike type having good silage quality was developed at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2016. 'Youjin' showed both high yielding and cold resistance through the preliminary and advanced yield trials(PYT, AYT) from 2012 to 2013. We conducted regional yield trials(RYT) of 'Youjin' in six locations around Korea for three years from 2014 to 2016. It had erect plant type, growth habit of II, the green leaf and hooded awn type. In the paddy field its heading date was April 24 and the maturing date was May 25. Plant height was 99 cm and the number of spikes per ㎡ was 696. It has high rate of leaf blades, resistance to BaYMV(Barley Yellow Mosiac Virus) and good winter hardiness. The average dry matter of Youjin was about 17.2 MT ha^-1 in the field. And feed quality of 'Youjin' was 10.6% of crude protein content, 24.8% of ADF(Acid Detergent Fiber), 43.5 % of NDF(Neutral Detergent Fiber), 69.1% of TDN(Total Digestible Nutrients). And also 'Youjin' had grade I of silage quality.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.301-307
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• 2017

A new barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar 'Dachung' having high forage yielding and good silage quality was developed at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2015. This cultivar was derived from a cross of the 'Sunwoo' and 'Keunalbori1ho' in 2002. And it's promising line showed both high yield and lodging resistance through the preliminary and advanced yield trials(PYT, AYT) at Iksan from 2010 to 2012. It was designated as the 'Iksan479'. 'Iksan479' was conducted to regional yield trials(RYT) in six locations around Korea for three years from 2013 to 2015. And it was released as the name of 'Dachung'. It has erect plant type, growth habit of IV and green leaf. In the paddy field its heading date was April 24 and maturing date was May 26, same day with 'Youngyang'. Plant height of 'Dachung' was 99cm. Dachung's spikes per $m^2$ was 625. It has high rate of leaf blades, resistance to BaYMV(Barley Yellow Mosiac Virus) and better winter hardiness than that of 'Youngyang'. The average dry matter of 'Dachung' was about $11.9ton\;ha^{-1}$ in paddy field. And average feed quality of 'Dachung' was 9.0% of crude protein content, 31.3% of ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), 54.4% of NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber), 64.0% of TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients). 'Dachung' had grade I of silage quality. This cultivar would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum temperature of $-8^{\circ}C$ in January in Korean peninsula.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.253-259
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• 2018

A new barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar 'Mihan' having ruminant-palatable semi-smooth awn and good silage quality was developed at National Institute of Crop Science(NICS), RDA in 2016. This cultivar was derived from a cross of the 'SB00T2064' and 'Suwon385' in 2001. And its promising line showed high yielding through the preliminary yield trials(PYT) and advanced yield trials (AYT) in Iksan from 2012 to 2013. It was designated as the 'Iksan487'. 'Iksan487' was conducted to regional yield trials (RYT) in one upland field and five paddy fields around Korea for three years from 2014 to 2016. And it was released as the name of 'Mihan'. It has growth habit of IV, erect plant type, green leaf and semi-smooth awn. Its heading date was April 23 in the paddy field and maturing date was May 24. Plant height of 'Mihan' was 96cm. Mihan's spikes per $m^2$ was 665. It has better winter hardiness and resistance to BaYMV (Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus) than that of barley cultivar 'Youngyang'. The average dry matter of 'Mihan' was about $10.9ton\;ha^{-1}$ in paddy field. And average feed quality of 'Mihan' was 10.3% of crude protein content, 26.1% of ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), 46.9 % of NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) and 68.2% of TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients). 'Mihan' had grade I of silage quality. This cultivar would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum average temperature of $-8^{\circ}C$ in January in Korean peninsula.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 2008

Objectives : Eucommiae cortex is reported that it helps bone and skeletal muscle stronger. In case of bone, many report is presented, but reports related to skeletal muscle are rarely existed. So in order to investigate effects of Eucommiae cortex on the skeletal muscle atrophy following stroke, cerebral infarct was induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the rats. Methods : In order to induce MCAO rats, nylon suture was advanced and then blocked middle cerebral artery(MCA). Water extract of Eucommiae cortex was treated for 15 days, once a day orally, after the MCAO. Effects were evaluated with muscle weights, muscle fiber type composition, cross-sectioned area of muscle fibers in soleus and gastrocnemius of the unaffected and affected hind limbs. And MyoD protein expression in gastrocnemius was demonstrated with immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Results : In the affected hind limb of the MCAO rats, muscle weight loss of gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles were attenuated by Eucommiae cortex treatment. In soleus muscle of the affected hind limb of the MCAO rats, increase of type-I fibers and decrease of type-II fibers were induced by Eucommiae cortex treatment. In soleus muscle of the affected hind limb of the MCAO rats, decrease of cross-sectioned areas of type-I fibers was attenuated by Eucommiae cortex treatment. In gastrocnemius muscle of the affected hind limb of the MCAO rats, increase of type-I fibers and decrease of type-II fibers were induced by Eucommiae cortex treatment. In gastrocnemius muscle of the affected hind limb of the MCAO rats, decreases of cross-sectioned areas of type-I and type-II fibers were attenuated by Eucommiae cortex treatment. In gastrocnemius muscle of the affected and unaffected hind limb of the MCAO rats, MyoD expressions were increased by Eucommiae cortex treatment. Conclusions : These results suggest that Eucommiae cortex has a protective effect against muscle atrophy, through the inhibition of the muscle cell apoptosis, following the central nervous system demage.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.565-572
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• 2008

It is a trend to increase safekeeping properties in financial company as the world economy situation has been globalized and advanced. The development of a securable vault door resisting to malicious trespass is needed. Therefore, this study focuses on developing high performance concrete placed at the inside of the vault door, and all materials used in this study is easy to obtain in domestic considering economic competitiveness. The compressive strength over 170 MPa was targeted, and structurally strengthening was also planned in order to resist to over $3,000^{\circ}C$ heating by torch and extreme impact loading by hammer drilling machine. Several types of fibers and reinforcing structures were used in order to resist those external heating and loading. This purpose was required to satisfy UL 608 standard of a vault door. Consequently, the result from this study is expected to be applied to construction field of major facilities, which should guarantee the safety from an external attack such as terror.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.99-110
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• 2020

Purpose: The rice germ fraction is a better source of protein, lipid, and fiber than the rice endosperm. Furthermore, the rice germ is rich in bioactive phytochemicals such as γ-aminobutyric acid, tocopherols, tocotrienols, phytic acid, and so on. In this study, the phytosterol content and antioxidant activity of Keunnunjami germ (KG) or normal rice germ supplement were investigated in healthy adult rats. Methods: In vitro, quantitative assessment of phytosterols, including β-sitosterol, campesterol, cycloartenol, and stigmasterol, was performed. Comparative antioxidant activities of 2 rice germs were measured based on DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and ABTS radical scavenging capacity. In vivo, male Spraque-Dawley rats (30-weeks-old) were randomly assigned a diet of normal control (NC, AIN-93M diet), AIN-93M diet supplemented with normal rice germ 3% (NG3), or AIN-93M diet supplemented with KG 3% (KG3) and fed for 8 weeks. Results: KG contained significantly higher campesterol and stigmasterol contents and antioxidant activity than normal rice germ. The KG3 group exhibited significantly lower body weight gain as well as inguinal and total white adipose tissue weights. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance level among the 3 groups. The plasma tumor necrosis factor-α concentration was significantly lower while leptin, advanced oxidation protein products, and interleukin-6 showed downward trends in the KG3 group. In addition, the superoxide dismutase level of the KG3 group was significantly higher compared to the NC and NG3 groups. Conclusion: This study indicates that KG can be considered as a valuable source of phytosterol components. Lastly, KG has strong antioxidant properties and may have potential to ameliorate elevation of proinflammatory cytokine production with age.

• Composites Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.30-39
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• 2000

It is difficult for civil engineer to apply composite materials of laminated type to structure for civil construction because of complicated theory although those have much merit. A simple method by which one can predict "exact" values of the natural frequency of vibration of laminated plates is presented. Many laminates with particular orientations have negligible values of $B_{16}$ and $B_{26}$ as the number of plies increases. Such laminates, with $D_{16}$ = $D_{26}$ ->0 can be solved by the same equation as for the special orthotropic laminates(1991,1995). If the quasi-isotrpic constants are used, It is possible to simplify analysis procedure since the equations for isotropic plates can be used. Use of some coefficients can produce "exact" values for laminates with such configuration. This coefficient, in fact, represents the effect of the anisotropy of the laminate. D. H. Kim proposed to use a correction factor, he developed, to produce "exact" solution out of the approximate solution obtained by using the quasi-isotropic constants(1995). In this paper, the fiber orienation studied is [$\alpha$/$\beta$/$\beta$/$\gamma$/$\alpha$/$\alpha$/$\beta$]r, with $\alpha$=-$\beta$, and $\gamma$${\gamma}$=$0^{\circ}$ or $90^{\circ}$ and the above-mentioned method is used to obtain the natural frequencies of plates with such orientations, and detailed result is presented for the use of engineers.nted for the use of engineers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.674-680
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• 2013

As the range of marine leisure activity gradually expands to ocean-going, a habitable cruise boat has been getting the limelight. Advanced countries in the marine leisure industry in Europe and North America have already secured their competitiveness in designing and building cruise boats by elegant design, ergonomic structure and fuel efficiency through the adoption of light-weight hull materials. In contrast, mostly small power boats are developed and built in Korea, and GFRP take up the most of hull materials. This study inquired into the design and characteristics of a 50ft-class CFRP that ocean-going is possible. The hull-form of the CFRP cruise boast were analyzed to propose a hull form for the designed ship (MMU-C.B), and based on that, the design model of the MMU-C.B was built. Finally, the MMU-C.B's characteristics of the resistance performance and hull-planing were found by comparative reviews with the results of model tests of GFRP pleasure yachts.