• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.246-257
• /
• 2024

Purpose: Administering early parenteral amino acids to very low birth weight (VLBW) premature infants (birth body weight [BBW]<1,500 g) is challenging due to factors such as holidays, cost, and access to sterile compounding facilities. Using advance-prepared parenteral nutrition (PN) may address this issue and should be evaluated for its safety and potential benefits. Methods: We extracted data from medical records collected between July 2015 and August 2019. VLBW infants received PN for at least seven days and were split into two groups: the traditional group (n=30), which initially received a glucose solution and then PN on workdays, and the pre-preparation group (n=16), which received advance-prepared PN immediately upon admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Results: The median BBWs of the traditional and pre-preparation groups were 1,180.0 vs. 1,210.0 g. In the initial two days, the pre-preparation group had a significantly higher amino acid intake (2.23 and 2.24 g/kg/d) than the traditional group (0 and 1.78 g/kg/d). The pre-preparation group exhibited greater head circumference growth ratio relative to birth (7th day: 1.21% vs. -3.57%, p=0.014; 21st day: 7.71% vs. 3.31%, p=0.017). No significant differences in metabolic tolerance were observed. Conclusion: Advanced preparation of PN can be safely implemented in VLBW preterm infants, offering advantages such as early, higher amino acid intake and improved head circumference growth within the first 21 days post-birth. This strategy may serve as a viable alternative in settings where immediate provision of sterile compounding facilities is challenging.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
• /
• 2004.12a
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2004

In spite of economic slump of global IT market, China is showing growth of $25\%$ per a year. After opening economy, the economic growth of the country haven't flagged. Moreover, According to the economic plan of the President HuJinTao who took office in 2002, IT field has been developing quickly. Even though such development is enough to show off the ability of China in the world, it is also a fart that there are many side effects. Among them, the imbalance of development between the east and the west is disturbing the general Chinese development. So the government is making efforts to reduce the gap as a solution, 'Go West campaign.' While progressing the policy, the related method which restricted domestic demand market advance from 2000 is abolished. We also established a bridgehead for lauching to the west of China at the same line with other developed countries. Based ell such reality, we understands the general present state and policy of Chinese IT industrial and the opportunity for abolishing the related method which restricted domestic market advance to also obtain from 2000, and for our country to also advance to the western area in China by the start onboard equal to other advanced nations. The direction to which we have to go by investigating the situation of a western area is investigated.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2005

High quality meteorological information is the typical product of service business industry which can offer the investment initiative by reducing the uncertainty and by activating other related industries. It requires a high level of meteorological technology and of ability to transform such technology as merchandising products. According to the analysis of the WMO data, the level of Korean meteorological technology is comparable to that of the nation with $17,500, GDP per head. However, the income of the meteorological business agent earns in Korea is 8 billion 4 hundred million won which is less than a tenth of that made by the US or Japan. The potential for such business field in Korea will be strong enough, if one can overcome such weak points. In addition, the efforts made by the government to advance the meteorological technology have been actualized gradually. Korean government will have a chance that is comparable to offering jobs for 20,000 unemployed by creating incomes of 40 billion won by meteorological technology as a sustained economic growth engine. It is proposed that government stimulate demand and supply by focusing on sales quantity than the price. The key points for creating the new demand are marketing and outsourcing of weather and climate information by maintaining the cooperative relationship between private and public sector.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2015

For the special usage, the effort of developing AlN single crystals has been very hot in the world. The AlN-base UV LEDs are used on the field of sterilization, purification, curing and analyzing, which can advance human's living and medical processes etc.. AlN single crystals were grown by the PVT (Physical vapor transport) method. On the growing process, carbon crucibles with three different types such as normal size, taller than normal and wider than normal were used for comparison. The processing temperature was in the range of $1900{\sim}2100^{\circ}C$ and ambient pressure was 200~1 Torr. When the taller crucible was used, the sublimation mass was greater than normal dimension one but the best condition of growth changes widely. However the wider one gave much sublimation mass and growing condition was more stable than normal dimension. On limited growing furnace system, the changes of crucible dimension of PVT method provide the change of best condition for growth rate, as-grown crystal quality and growth condition stability.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.197-209
• /
• 1985

To investigate the relationship between the pubertal spurt in body height and bone maturity of the hand-and-wrist in normal occlusion, the author X-rayed the hand-and-wrists of 1,141 students (male 614, female 527) and assessed their bone maturity. In this study, eleven skeletal stages were selected. The bones used to determine skeletal maturity were the ulnar sesamoid of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the first finger, the epiphyses of the proximal, middle, distal phalanges of the third finger, and middle phalanx of the fifth finger, and distal epiphysis of the radius. From the longitudinal data for height, an assessment was made of the change in growth velocity. The pubertal growth stage was divided into onset and peak height velocity phases. The results were as follows; 1. The onset of the pubertal growth was between the $PP_3=\;and\;MP_3=$ stage for boys, and between the $MP_3=\;and\;MP_5=$ stage for girls; the mean age of onset was 10.6 years for boys and 9.0 years for girls. 2. The peak height velocity was between the S and $MP_{3_{cap}}$ stage for boys, and between the $MP_{3_{cap}}$ and $MP_{5_{cap}}$ stage for girls; the mom age of peak height velocity was 12.5 years for boys and 10.9 years for girls. 3. As the stages of bone maturity progressed from $DP_{3u},\;to\;PP_{3u},\;MP_{3u}$, Ru, the peak height velocity had been reached, and the growth rate retarded, therefore the approach to full physical maturity was attained. 4. The evidence for the period of onset, peak height velocity and bone maturation suggested that girls were in advance of boys. During the latter part of pubertal growth, the rate of boys' bone maturation was faster than that of girls'.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.12
• /
• pp.1776-1783
• /
• 2006

Despite being a rich source of protein (28-34%), karanj (Pongamia glabra) cake is found to be bitter in taste and toxic in nature owing to the presence of flavonoid (karanjin), tannin and trypsin inhibitor, thereby restricting its safe inclusion in poultry rations. Feeding of karanj cake at higher levels (>10%) adversely affected the growth performance of poultry due to the presence of these toxic factors. Therefore, efforts were made to detoxify karanj cake by various physico-chemical methods such as dry heat, water washing, pressure cooking, alkali and acid treatments and microbiological treatment with Sacchraromyces cerevisiae (strain S-49). The level of residual karanjin in raw and variously processed cake was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography and tannin and trypsin inhibitor was quantified by titrametric and colorimetric methods, respectively. The karanjin, tannin and trypsin inhibitor levels in such solvent and expeller pressed karanj cake were 0.132, 3.766 and 6.550 and 0.324, 3.172 and 8.513%, respectively. Pressure-cooking of solvent extracted karanj cake (SKC) substantially reduced the karanjin content at a cake:water ratio of 1:0.5 with 30-minute cooking. Among chemical methods, 1.5% (w/w) NaOH was very effective in reducing the karanjin content. $Ca(OH)_2$ treatment was also equally effective in karanjin reduction, but at a higher concentration of 3.0% (w/w). A similar trend was noticed with respect to treatment of expeller pressed karanj cake (EKC). Pressure cooking of EKC was effective in reducing the karanjin level of the cake. Among chemical methods alkali treatment [2% (w/w) NaOH] substantially reduced the karanjin levels of the cake. Other methods such as water washing, dry heat, HCl, glacial acetic acid, urea-ammoniation, combined acid and alkali, and microbiological treatments marginally reduced the karanjin concentration of SKC and EKC. Treatment of both SKC and EKC with 1.5% and 2.0% NaOH (w/w) was the most effective method in reducing the tannin content. Among the various methods of detoxification, dry heat, pressure cooking and microbiological treatment with Saccharomyces cerevisiae were substantially effective in reducing the trypsin inhibitor activity in both SKC and EKC. Based on reduction in karanjin, in addition to tannin and trypsin inhibitor activity, detoxification of SKC with either 1.5% NaOH or 3% $Ca(OH)_2$, w/w) and with 2% NaOH were more effective. Despite the effectiveness of pressure cooking in reducing the karanjin content, it could not be recommended for detoxification because of the practical difficulties in adopting the technology as well as for economic considerations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.677-681
• /
• 2005

A study was conducted to see the effect of dietary incorporation of alkali (1.5% NaOH, w/w) processed solvent extracted karanj cake (SKC) supplemented with methionine on growth performance, humoral immune response and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens from 0 to 8 weeks of age. One hundred and twenty, day- old broiler chicks were wing banded, vaccinated against Marek' disease and distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD) into 3 groups of 40 chicks each, which was further replicated to 4 and fed on diet containing soybean meal and those of test groups were fed diets containing alkali (1.5% NaOH) treated SKC partially replacing soybean meal nitrogen of reference diet (12.5%) without or with supplementation of methionine (0.2%). Individual body weight of chicks and replicate-wise feed intakes were recorded at weekly intervals throughout the experimental period. Feed consumption from 1 to 14, 28, 42 and 56 d of age was recorded for each replicate and feed conversion efficiency (weight gain/feed intake) for the respective period was calculated. Mortality was monitored on daily basis. On 28$^{th}$ day of experimental feeding, two birds of each replicate in each dietary group (8 birds/diet) were inoculated with 0.1 ml of a 1.0% suspension of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the antibody titre (log 2) was measured after 5 days by the microtitre haemmagglutination procedure. After 42 days of experimental feeding, a retention study of 4 days (43-47 d) duration was conducted on all birds to determine the retention of various nutrients such as DM, N, Ca, P and GE. On 43$^{rd}$ day of experimental feeding, one representative bird from each replicate of a dietary treatment (4/dietary group) was sacrificed, after fasting for two hours with free access to water, through cervical dislocation to observe the weight of dressed carcass, primal cuts (breast, thigh, drumstick, back, neck and wing), giblet (liver, heart and gizzard), abdominal fat and digestive organs. The body weight gain of chicks fed reference diet and those fed diet incorporated with NaOH treated SKC (12.5% replacement) with or without methionine supplementation was comparable during 0 to 4 weeks of age. However, dietary incorporation of alkali processed SKC replacing 12.5% nitrogen moiety of soybean meal resulted in growth retardation, subsequently as evidenced by significantly (p<0.05) lowered body weight gain during 0 to 6 weeks of age in birds fed diet incorporated with alkali processed SKC at 6.43% without methionine as compared to those supplemented with methionine or reference diet. Dietary incorporation of alkali (1.5% NaOH) processed SKC replacing 12.5% of soybean meal nitrogen in the diet of broiler chickens had no adverse effect on feed conversion ratio during all the weeks of experimental feeding. The humoral immune response (HIR) as measured by the antibody titre in response to SRBC inoculation was comparable among all the dietary groups. No significant difference in the intake and retention of DM, N, Ca, P or GE was noted among the chicks fed reference and alkali processed SKC incorporated diets with or without methionine supplementation. None of the carcass traits varied significantly due to dietary variations, except the percent weight of liver and giblet. The percent liver weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the birds fed diet incorporated with alkali processed SKC as compared to that in other two groups. Thus solvent extracted karanj cake could be incorporated after alkali (1.5% NaOH, w/w) processing at an enhanced level of 6.43%, replacing 12.5% of soybean meal nitrogen, in the broiler diets up to 4 weeks of age, beyond which the observed growth depression on this diet could be alleviated by 0.2% methionine supplementation.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.171-188
• /
• 2015

Logistics network has been increasingly acknowledged as one of the important driving force for economic development in China. With the scope of logistics effect broadening and the development of logistics infrastructure, both logistics network and economy in terms of GDP in China has experienced rapid development hand in hand. This paper investigates the relationship between logistics network and economic growth, using a dataset covering 31 provinces over the period from 2003 to 2012 in China. Factor analysis is applied to obtain a total evaluation of logistics function defining the impact of logistics network on the national economy growth. According to fixed effect panel data approach, a significant and positive impact of logistics network on economic growth in China is found, meanwhile, a comparative analysis regarding economic development between coastal provinces and interior provinces is also conducted. The results suggest that the impact of logistics network on economic growth is higher in eastern provinces than that in western provinces. The policy implication for other nations, in particular for developing nations, is logistics network should be regarded as an important driving force for economic development, and investment should be made in advance to achieve the best efficiency in economic development and planning.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.600-606
• /
• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of seedling ages of scions and rootstocks for grafting and light intensity during their cultivation in a closed transplant production system on the growth and development of grafted cucumber transplants. Cucumber scions and rootstocks were cultivated under 5 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) levels: 100, 140, 180, 230, and $280{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ in a closed transplant production system. The scions were grafted onto the rootstocks at 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 days after sowing (DAS). Hypocotyl length of scions and rootstocks decreased significantly as PPF increased, and an increase in dry weight with increasing PPF was more pronounced in scions. After grafting, cucumber transplants were grown in a greenhouse until 22 DAS and were then transplanted for investigation of their growth and development. Plant height, leaf area, and fresh weight of cucumber transplants grafted at 8, 9, and 10 DAS were greater, but light intensity during cultivation of scions and rootstocks did not significantly affect the early growth of cucumber transplants after grafting. The number of female flowers in grafted cucumber after transplanting was highest when scions and rootstocks were cultivated under PPF 140 and $180{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and were grafted at 8 DAS. These results indicate that controlling environmental conditions in a closed transplant production system during the production of scions and rootstocks can advance grafting time and promote the growth and development of grafted cucumber transplants.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2020

While research activities in the agricultural field for climate change are being actively carried out, smart agriculture using information and communication technology has become a new trend in line with the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Accordingly, research is being conducted to identify and respond to signs of abnormal growth in advance by monitoring the stress of crops in various outdoor environments and soil conditions. There are also attempts to analyze data collected in real time through various sensors using artificial intelligence techniques or big data technologies. In this paper, we propose a big data model that is effective in analyzing the growth environment informations and biometric information of crops by using the existing relational database for big data analysis. The performance of the model was measured by the response time to a query according to the amount of data. As a result, it was confirmed that there is a maximum time reduction effect of 23.8%.