• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2017

필로티구조를 가진 저층 위주의 도시형생활주택이 날로 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 대부분의 필로티 공간은 주차장으로 활용되고 있어, 이에 따른 화재의 위험이 따른다. 특히 주차장과 같은 공간은 차량으로 인해 화재하중이 높기 때문에 화염의 분출길이가 길어진다. 또한 기둥으로만 구성된 필로티의 특성상 바람의 영향으로 화세가 거세져 화염이 주변으로 확산될 경우 같은 필로티 형태의 건물이 서로 인접해 있을 경우 때 건물로의 화염 확산 위험이 있다. 필로티 구조의 주택 대부분은 이곳을 통해 출 입이 가능한 구조이기 때문에 필로티가 막히면 입주자는 건물에 갇혀 유독가스 및 화염으로 부터 안전을 위협받게 된다. 필로티 구조 건물의 주차장이 서로 인접할 때 화염 확산 방지를 위해 일정한 간격이 필요하다. 본 연구는 필로티 주차장에서 화재가 발생하였을 경우 어느 정도 거리를 유지해야 옆 건물로의 화재 확산을 막을 수 있는지에 대하여 화재시뮬레이션을 이용하여 연구하였다. 그 결과 건물은 최소 3.0m 이상을 이격하여야 하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.71-87
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• 2014

Interaction between closely-spaced buildings subject to earthquake induced strong ground motions, termed in the literature as "seismic pounding", occurs commonly during major seismic events in contemporary congested urban environments. Seismic pounding is not taken into account by current codes of practice and is rarely considered in practice at the design stage of new buildings constructed "in contact" with existing ones. Thus far, limited research work has been devoted to quantify the influence of slab-to-slab pounding on the inelastic seismic demands at critical locations of structural members in adjacent structures that are not aligned in series. In this respect, this paper considers a typical case study of a "new" reinforced concrete (R/C) EC8-compliant, torsionally sensitive, 7-story corner building constructed within a block, in bi-lateral contact with two existing R/C 5-story structures with same height floors. A non-linear local plasticity numerical model is developed and a series of non-linear time-history analyses is undertaken considering the corner building "in isolation" from the existing ones (no-pounding case), and in combination with the existing ones (pounding case). Numerical results are reported in terms of averages of ratios of peak inelastic rotation demands at all structural elements (beams, columns, shear walls) at each storey. It is shown that seismic pounding reduces on average the inelastic demands of the structural members at the lower floors of the 7-story building. However, the discrepancy in structural response of the entire block due to torsion-induced, bi-directionally seismic pounding is substantial as a result of the complex nonlinear dynamics of the coupled building block system.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.371-390
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• 2010

Historical buildings in seismically active regions are severely damaged by earthquakes, since they certainly were not designed by the original builders to withstand seismic effects. In particular the reports after major ground motions indicate that earthquake-induced pounding between buildings may lead to substantial damage or even collapse of colliding structures. The research on structural pounding during earthquakes has been recently much advanced, although most of the studies are conducted on simplified single degree of freedom systems. In this paper a detailed pounding-involved response analysis of three adjacent structures is performed, concerning the main bodies of the "Quinto Orazio Flacco" school. The construction includes a main masonry building, with an M-shaped plan, and a reinforced concrete building, separated from the masonry one and realized along its free perimeter. By the analysis of the capacity curves obtained by suitable pushover procedures performed separately for each building, it emerges that masonry and reinforced concrete buildings are vulnerable to earthquake-induced structural pounding in the longitudinal direction. In particular, due to the geometric configuration of the school, a special case of impact between the reinforced concrete structure and two parts of the masonry building occurs. In order to evaluate the pounding-involved response of three adjacent structures, in this paper a numerical procedure is proposed, programmed using MATLAB software. Both a non-linear viscoelastic model to simulate impact and an elastic-perfectly plastic approximation of the storey shear force-drift relation are assumed, differently from many commercial softwares which admit just one non-linearity.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 MR 감쇠기와 FPS를 사용하여 구성된 스마트 스카이브릿지를 제안하였으며 스마트 스카이브릿지로 연결된 인접건물의 지진응답 제어성능을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 스마트 스카이브릿지로 연결된 10층과 20층 구조물을 예제 구조물로 선택하였고 근거리 (near fault) 및 원거리 (far fault) 지진의 특성을 가지는 El Centro 지진과 Kobe지진을 사용하여 시간이력해석을 수행하였다. 스마트 스카이브릿지블 효과적으로 제어하기 위해서 퍼지논리제어기를 개발하였으며 퍼지논리제어기를 최적화하기 위하여 다목적 유전자알고리즘을 사용하였다. 최적화결과 10층 건물의 지진응답과 20층 건물의 지진응답 사이에는 상충관계 (trade-off)가 있는 것을 알 수 있었고 다목적 유전자알고리즘을 통해서 두 건물의 지진응답 제어에 대한 퍼지논리제어거의 파레토 해집합을 구할 수 있었다. 수치해석결과 본 연구에서 제안한 스마트 스카이브릿지를 사용하면 연결된 건물의 지진응답을 효율적으로 저감시킬 수 있는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.85-105
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• 2006

Control of structural response due to seismic excitation in a manner of coupling adjacent buildings has been actively developed, and most attention focused on those buildings of similar height. However, with the rapid development of some modern cities, multi-story buildings constructed with an auxiliary low-rise podium structure to provide extra functions to the complex become a growing construction scheme. Being inspired by the positively examined coupling control approach for buildings with similar height, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive analytical study on control effectiveness of using friction dampers to link the two buildings with significant height difference to supplement the recent experimental investigation carried out by the writers. The analytical model of a coupled building system is first developed with passive friction dampers being modeled as Coulomb friction. To highlight potential advantage of coupling the main building and podium structure with control devices that provide a lower degree of coupling, the inherent demerit of rigid-coupled configuration is then evaluated. Extensive parametric studies are finally performed. The concerned parameters influencing the design of optimal friction force and control efficiency include variety of earthquake excitation and differences in floor mass, story number as well as number of dampers installed between the two buildings. In general, the feasibility of interaction control approach applied to the complex structure for vibration reduction due to seismic excitation is supported by positive results.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2008

Interference effects in five square tall buildings arranged in an L- or T-shaped pattern are investigated in the wind tunnel. Mean and fluctuating shear forces, overturning moments and torsional moment are measured on each building with a force balance mounted at its base. Results are obtained at two values of clear separation between adjacent buildings, at half and a quarter building breadth. It is found that strong interference effect exists on all member buildings, resulting in significant modifications of wind loads as compared with the isolated single building case. Sheltering effect is observed on wind loads acting along the direction of an arm of the "L" or "T" on the inner buildings. However, increase in these wind loads from the isolated single building case is found on the most upwind edge building in the arm when wind blows at a slight oblique angle to the arm. The corner formed by two arms of buildings results in some wind catchment effect leading to increased wind pressure on windward building faces. Interesting interference phenomena such as negative drag force are reported. Interference effects on wind load fluctuations, load spectra and dynamic building responses are also studied and discussed.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.77-84
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• 2003

Deep excavations in the urban areas have been frequently going on in large scale. Soil-nailing and Earth-anchor supporting methods are generally used in deep excavation. These construction methods cause ground disturbances during drilling process, and damages of adjacent structures and ground due to the differential settlement throughout construction period, and unexpected behaviors of supporting system according to the characteristics of drilling machine and ground condition. This article introduces two actual examples of adjacent deep excavation for the construction of university buildings in granitic Seoul area. The important results of construction and measurements obtained using Crawler drilling machine for Soil-nailing and Earth-anchor supporting methods are summarized. And some suggestions are given to improve and develop the technique of design and construction in the deep excavation projects having similar ground condition and supporting method.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.283-292
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to suggest visual resource management methods for the national parks and adjacent areas, where visual impacts by high rise buildings such as hotel, condominium, etc. become serious problems. In this study Soraksan National Park has been selected as a case study for landscape management planning. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Comprehensive landscape management planning for National Parks and adjacent areas is necessary to solve visual impact problems by high rise buldings such as hotel, condominium, etc. 2) It is suggested to investigate visual resources and conceptual landscape management ideas, to select landscape control points and lines, landscape management areas, and to prepare building height control plan for proper landscape management plan. 3) In case of Soraksan national park, the landscape management plan includes three landscape management areas : Landscape preservation area, General landscape management area, and special landscape management area. 4) In the part of special landscape management area, it is necessary to introduce landscape impact assessment system to more effective landscape management.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2017

The current paper investigates the effect of the seismic pounding of neighboring buildings on the response of structures isolated by Triple Friction Pendulum Bearing (TFPB). To this end, a symmetric three-dimensional single story building is modeled for analysis with two specified levels of top deck and base deck, to capture the seismic response of the base isolators and building's roof. Linear elastic springs with different level of gaps are employed to calculate the impact between the buildings. Nonlinear Dynamic Time History Analyses (NDTHA) are conducted for seismic evaluation. Also, five different sizes with four different sets of friction coefficients are assumed for base isolators to cover a whole range of base isolation systems with various geometry configurations and fundamental period. The results are investigated in terms of base shear, buildings' drift and top deck acceleration of the superstructure. The results also indicate the profound effect of the stiffness of the adjacent buildings on the value of the impact they impose to the superstructure. Also, in situations of potential pounding, the increment of the fundamental period of the TFPB base isolator could intensify the impact force up to nearly five-fold.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제82권3호
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• pp.385-400
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• 2022

Sky-bridges between adjacent buildings can enhance lateral stiffness and limit the impact of lateral forces. This study analysed the structural capabilities and dynamic performances of sky-bridge-coupled buildings under various sets of ground motions. Finite Element (FE) analyses were carried out with the link being iteratively repositioned along the full height of the structures. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) and probabilistic damage distribution were also applied. The results indicated that the establishment of sky-bridges caused a slight change in the natural frequency and mode shapes. The sky-bridge system was shown to be efficient in controlling displacement and Inter-Storey Drift Ratio (%ISDR) and reducing the probability of damage in the higher floors. The most efficient location of the sky-bridge, for improving its rigidity, was found to be at 88% of the building height. Finally, the effects of two types of materials (steel and concrete) and end conditions (hinged and fixed) were studied. The outcomes showed that coupled buildings with a sky-bridge made of steel with hinged connection could withstand ground motions longer than those made of concrete with fixed connection.