• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 2015

In the case of adhesives & restoration agents currently being used for the preservation treatment of ceramics and earthenware, epoxy type, cellulose type and cellulose type are mainly being used. However, they are showing various problems such as re-detachment from severe contraction, color change from yellowing, work inconvenience of staining on tools and hand during usage and irreversibility. For the purpose of solving the issues of yellowing and irreversibility of epoxy resin being used to restore ceramics, urethane synthetic resin with low yellowing excellent reversibility has been developed in this study. The adhesive strength of urethane resin that has been developed has excellent properties with 2.07MPa for undiluted solution, which is 1.5 times higher than that of existing material EPO-$TEK301^{(R)}$ 1.21MPa. The result of workability measurement showed that the wear rate of urethane resin (in Talc 50wt%) was 1.09%, which was somewhat higher than that of existing material Quick $Wood^{(R)}$ (1.02%). In addition, its wear rate is two times higher than that of $EPO-TEK301^{(R)}$ (0.41%) and $L30^{(R)}$ (0.39%), thereby showing an advantage in its forming process compared to existing materials. As for the advantage of urethane resin of reversibility experiment, 12 hours after acetone, ethyl alcohol deposition, urethane resin and filler talc were dissolved 100% while showing powdering phenomenon. Compared to 0% reversibility of existing epoxy resin, it has much superior reversibility. The result of UV rays experiment to evaluate its durability showed that ${\Delta}E^*ab$ color change value based on undiluted solution of urethane resin was 2.76 before & after UV rays exposure, which was a decrease by about 7-20 times compared to that of existing resin, thereby minimizing the issue of heterogeneity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 1974

This study was carried out to examine the subsitution possibility into water soluble amino resins instead of phenolic resin as a sizing material for the strength increase on the wet forming hardboard. The properties of hardboard, manufactured with amino-resins based urea, melamine, formaline, and methanol which were low priced domestic products, were examined in comparison with those of hardboard treated with phenolic resin. In this study by the results and discussions, it may be summarized as follows: 1. Amino-resins are able to be substituted for the phenolic resin as a good sizing material for strength increase in the manufacture of wet forming hardboard. Under the considerations of economic advantages and properties of hardboard, modified urea-melamine resin was given a best results. 2. The specific gravities of hardboard that were treated with phenolic resin was equal to that treated with modified amino type resin, and in case of urea-melamine resin, the specific gravity value were lowest among them. 3. The results of moisture contents were satisfied the standard which calls for 13 percent or below. There were no differences in moisture contents between hardboards, treated with melamine resin and modified urea-melamine resin but phenolic resin. The moisture contents of hardboard treated with phenolic resin was shown the lowest. 4. The water absorption of hardboard treated with phenolic resin was greater than those treated with amino resins, and to satisfy the standard of water resistance, the treatment of 2 percent paraffin wax emulsion was needed in this case. There were no differences in water absorptions between hardboards, treated with melamine resin and modified urea-melamine resin. To satisfy the standard of water resistance in this case the treatment of 1 percent paraffin wax emulsion was shown good results. 5. The differences among the flexural strength in using tested three adhesives were significant. The flexural strength were shown the signification by order of melamine resin, modified urea-melamine resin, and phenolic resin. In all cases to satisfy the standard of flexural strength, the treatment of 3 percent sizing materials for strength increase was needed.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.115-120
• /
• 2012

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Octyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Dermabond$^{TM}$) as a topical skin adhesive for pediatric urologic open surgery. Methods: From August 2010 to August 2011, we retrospectively evaluated pediatric patients who underwent urologic open surgery at our institution. A total of 128 pediatric patients with 210 incisions used Dermabond$^{TM}$ for skin closure. Results: We divided the 128 patients into 3 groups according to type of surgery. Group 1 underwent hydrocelectomy (55 cases, 41.3%), Group 2 underwent orchiopexy (43 cases, 32.3%), Group 3 underwent penoplasty (35 cases, 26.4%). One hundred and twenty eight patients who underwent 133 surgeries in total, with a total of 210 incisions visited our outpatient department postoperatively, and a total of 5 wound complications (2.3%) occurred, but were simple inflammations and no dehiscence was observed. When analyzed according to groups, no wound problems occurred in Group 1 (0/55, 0%), one occurred in Group 2 (1/43, 2.3%) and four cases occurred in Group 3 (4/35, 11.4%) respectively. When re-analyzed according to wound locations, one occurred in an inguinal wound (1/120, 0.83%), none occurred in scrotal wounds (0/55, 0%), and four occurred in penile wounds (4/35, 11.4%). In Group 3, the incidence of penile wounds was significantly increased compared to other groups (P=0.008). All 5 wound problems were inflammatory and healed at an average of 13.8 days (13-15 days) with antibiotic ointment application only. Conclusion: Dermabond$^{TM}$ is feasible and safe topical skin adhesive alternative to standard skin suture in pediatric urologic surgery. However, further research about its efficacy and safety could be valuable in the future.