• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.8-19
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• 1997

In this study an adequate type of offshore structure at the Sakhalin region as cold region is proposed and its structural design results are presented based on the reliability analysis. Structural safety assessment has been carried out for the proposed offshore structure at the Sakhalin area as designed by the reliability method. And a rational design procedure is presented based on the reliability analysis. Followings are drawn through the present study : - Four colum TLP structure is proposed as an adequate offshore structure type at the cold region like the Sakhalin region and the reliability-based structural design results are presented. It is seen that the proposed type is a more adequate and economic than the fixed type. - Safety assessment of the proposed structure applying the extended incremental load method is performed. - Referring the allowable safety level for offshore structures it has been found present TLP structure has sufficient structural safety at the system level as well as at the component level.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.87-105
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• 2015

본 연구는 한국 제조업 중소기업의 R&D 투자와 성과 간의 관계를 분석하여 비선형 형태를 확인하고, 문턱값인 투자적정수준을 도출하였다. 기존 연구들은 투자와 성과 간 시차를 고려하지 않거나, 투자와 성과 간 회귀모형에서 투자 변수의 1차, 2차 항을 이용한 산술적 계산을 통하여 간접적으로 투자수준을 결정하였는데, 본 연구에서는 이를 극복하기 위해 2년의 시차를 가정한 문턱회귀모형을 사용하였다. 분석결과에 의하면, R&D 집중도 및 연구원비율과 이익률간의 관계는 S곡선 형태를 보였고, 매출액 대비 R&D 투자액 기준으로 6.4%, 종업원수 대비 연구원수 기준으로 13%가 R&D 투자의 적정수준으로 도출되었다. 연구로부터 도출된 투자 및 성과 간 관계 형태와 문턱값은 향후 기업의 R&D 투자 전략 및 정부 지원 정책의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1974

The most commonly grown economical and flue-cured tobacco cultivar Yellow Special A was used in pot-culture tests in order to study Ethrel (2-chloroethyl phosponic acid) effects on accelerating maturity of tobacco leaves in relation to the most adequate level of the chemical useful for field growing, nitrogen level in soil for the most pronounced response, and the most suitable spray period during the growth stages of pre-, post- and topping periods. The following conclusions, thus, were obtained from the present studies; 1. 500ppm Ethrel spray was reconfirmed to be adequate in the practical applications, although the extent of yellow-ripening of tobacco leaves was increased as the Ethrel level increased. The highest leevel treated resulted in causing chemically damaged lesions on leaves and early defoliation. 2. Ethrel-treated leaves showed deeper yellowish tinge to them than those without treatment, while different levels of the chemcial had less influence on the tinge. 3. An adequate level of nitrogen supply to plants favored the Ethrel response, whereas either very low or high level of nitrogen in the soil lowered the chemical effect on accelerating the yellow-ripening. When carbohydrates versus total nitrogen ratio became relatively high, the condition brought out some outstanding Ethrel effects. 4. Chlorophyll level of leaves increased as soil applications of nitrogen level increased, and that also increased carotenoid level of the tobacco leaves. Ethrel-treated leaves showed deeper orange tinge than those without treatment, while the highest level of nitrogen application showed the deepest orange tinge to tobacco leaves. 5. Pre-topping treatment (12 days before topping and flowering) resulted in almost no Ethrel response, and that treatment right on the day of topping, showed response of yellow-leaf ripening at nearly bottom-half leaves of a tobacco plant. The post-topping treatment (12 days after topping) made plants showing full response of Ethrel from bottom to the top leaves of tobacco plant in accelerating the leaf maturity. 6. The extent of Ethrel responses on accelerating yellow-ripening of tobacco leaves was discussed for the modifying influences brought about by certain environmental factors. Discussions were also made about the possible practical applications (particularly for pre-rice planting) and quality difference that may be caused by such growth environments.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국시스템다이내믹스학회 2003년도 하계학술대회발표논문집
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• pp.1-24
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper was developing a development density control model for urban growth management, using system dynamics modeling. The density control model was developed to see how urban growth, transition, and decay occur depending on the interaction among population, houses, industry structure, land and urban infrastructure such as road, water supply, and sewage treatment facilities. Suggesting adequate level of development density control using the model was another purpose of this paper. The model was applied to An'yang city to estimate the maximum number of population, industry structures, houses, and cars that can be adequately sustained with the current An'yang city's infrastructur capacity. The computer simulation results shows that the city is overpopulated by some 90,000 people. To reduce the population to the adequate level that the current urban infrastructure can sustain, the current city regulation on floor area ratio are needed to be strengthened at least 20 to 35%.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.763-779
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 소득계층별로 노후에 필요한 소득대체율을 추정하고 이를 달성하기 위한 연금 및 비연금 소득원의 역할 분담을 논하고 있다. 그 동안 노후소득보장 수준을 논함에 있어 노후빈곤 문제에 초점을 두다 보니 노후의 필요소득 수준에 대한 논의는 상대적으로 적었다. 이러한 관점에서 동 연구에서는 노후생활을 위한 평균적인 필요소득대체율 뿐만 아니라(전체 51.3%), 소득계층별로 필요소득대체율을 산출하고 있다(빈곤층 177.6%, 중산층 68.1%, 고소득층 29.3%). 또한 소득계층별 필요소득대체율이 현실의 실현소득대체율과 얼마나 격차가 있는 지를 살펴보았으며, 이를 통해 소득원별 역할 분담이 필요하다는 시사점을 끌어내고 있다. 즉, 목표소득대체율을 달성하기 위해 현 노인세대의 경우 연금으로만 충당하기 어려우므로 비연금 소득원을 적극 활용할 필요가 있음을 제시하였다. 한편 미래의 노인세대(현 근로세대)는 무엇보다 연금소득 마련이 중요할 것이라는 점에서 공적연금을 통한 탈빈곤, 사적연금을 통한 중산층 이상의 삶을 마련할 수 있도록 준비할 필요가 있음을 제안하고 있다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2001년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 2001
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• pp.423-430
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• 2001

This research was conducted to investigate the seismic behavior and ductility of circular spiral reinforcement concrete bridge columns used in high strength concrete. The experimental variables consisted of transverse steel amount and spacing, different axial load levels. From the test results, sufficient displacement ductility(at least 5.5) was observed for the columus which was satisfied wi th the requirement confinement steel amount of the Korean Bridge Design Specification. In case of the columns with 50 MPa of concrete compressive strength, the columns wi th 80 % of the confinement steel amount requirement showed adequate displacement ductility(at least 6.5) under 0.2 of axial load level. And in case of the columns with 60.2 77a of concrete compressive strength, the columns with 44 \ulcorner of the confinement steel requirement provided adequate displacement ductilit under less than 0.1 of axial load level and the columns with 0.22 % provided showed comparatively high the ducti1iffy under 0.21 of axial load level.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2015

This research studies the adequate size standard of Seogwipo cruise terminal CIQ facility that is scheduled to be built around Gangjeong harbor area in Seogwipo-city. In order to respond to the highly increasing number of passenger cruise ships compared to Seogwipo cruise terminal design in 2010, the adequate size standard of Seogwipo cruise terminal CIQ facility was examined for passenger service level grade. Based on size computation elements such as the number of passengers of cruise ships with the largest size of port entry, ship landing rate, passenger processing ratio, and surge factor, the CIQ facility size for each service level grade was reviewed. As a result, the area of 2,971m2 (A grade), 2,409 m2 (B grade), and 2,088 m2 (C grade) were computed. This showed that the area of B grade was about 82% and C grade 70% compared to the area of A grade. The CIQ facility size computed for each service level grade in this research was analyzed that its area needed to be increased by 322% at least and 458% at most, compared to the CIQ facility area of 649m2 of the existing design (2010). In order to respond to the increasing number of cruise passengers, provide high-level passenger service, and improve the international image of Jeju, Seogwipo cruise terminal should secure the size that is equal to or higher than the B grade of service level.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.102-106
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• 1999

Changes in nutritional and health status brought on by a two-year balanced diet were assessed with anthropometric measurements as well as hematological and lipid profiles in 56 healthy young men. Recommended dietary allowances (RDA) were adjusted with estimated daily weighted activity factor. The weighted resting energy expenditure factor of the subjects was 2.37 $\pm$ 0.05. Compared with RDA, all nutrient intakes were adequate and 56% of energy was supplied by carbohydrates, 18% by protein and 26% by fat. The vitamin and mineral intakes except vitamin B-2 were higher (26.46-129.88%) than RDA. Vitamin B-2 intake was 92.15 \ulcorner 14.16% of RDA. There was no seasonal variation on nutrient intakes. Height was increased and systolic blood pressure was decreased by balanced diet for two years. Body weight, diastolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were unchanged. The level of hemoglobin and hematocrit was not changed, the level of plasma protein was decreased and the level of plasma total cholesterol and albumin was increased. These results suggest that a balanced diet can increase height and complement health status achieved through vigorous exercise, even in adults, and that the level of Korean RDA for energy is adequate to maintain existing body weight.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.743-757
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• 1993

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of dietary Fe and Cu levels on Pb accumulation of Pb poisoned rats. 80 male Sprague weaning Dawley rate weighing 80-90g were divided into 8 groups(Pb groups: LFLCPb-low Fe, low Cu and Pb group, LFACPB-low Fe, adequate Cu and Pb group, AFLCPb-adequate Fe, low Cu and Pb group, AFACPb-adequate Fe, adequate Cu and Pb group, without Pb gorups: LFLC-low Fe, low Cu and without Pb grooup, LFAC-low Fe, adequate Cu and without Pb group, AFLC-adequate Fe, low Cu and without Pb group, AFAC-adequate Fe, adequate Cu and without Pb group) according to Pb administration (0, 500ppm in drinking water) and Fe and Cu levels(Fe :6ppm, 40ppm, Cu : 0.5ppm, 0.8ppm) for 12 weeks. The food intake, body weight, gain, and FER of Pb groups were significantly lower than those of without Pb groups(p<0.01, p<0.001, p<0.001). The weights of liver in Pb groups were significantly lower than that of adequate Fe and Cu group in without Pb group(AFAC) (p<0.001). The Cu contents of liver in Pb groups were significantly lower than that of AFAC (p<0.01). The liver Pb accumulation of LFLCPb was significantly higher than those of LFACPb, AFLCPb, AFACPb(p<0.05). The serum Pb content of LFLCPb was significantly higher than those of LFACPb, AFLCPb, AFACPb(p<0.05). The levels of Hb, and Hct, of 12 weeks in Pb poisoned rats were lower than those of 8 weeks, in other words, long term Pb poisoned rats were affected more serious on hematoopoiesis. The fecal excretions of Fe and Cu in Pb groups were significantly higher than those of without Pb groups(p<0.001, p<0.001). The urinary Fe and Cu excretions were significantly higher than those of AFAC(p<0.001, p<0.001). There were significant differences between Pb groups and without Pb groups according to dietary Fe and Cu levels. So, dietary levels of adequate Fe and Cu were effective to reduce Pb accumulation in rats. It were showed that the decrease of food intake, FER, body weight gain, serum level of Fe and Cu in Pb groups than those of without Pb groups. And the increase of liver Pb accumulation, serum Pb levels, fecal and urinary Fe and Cu excretions were showed in Pb groups than those of without Pb groups by long term lead poisoning. Otherwise, adequate Fe and Cu administrations in Pb groups have preventive effects on the Pb poisoned rats.

• 아동학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.189-201
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching personal safety skills for prevention of potential child sexual abuse in Korean society. The subjects of this study were 80 first grade female students, sampled from elementary schools in Seoul. The instruments of this study were the Personal Safety Questionnaire (PSQ) and 'What if' Situations Test (WIST) modified by the present researcher. The t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were applied to analyze the data of this study. The results of the analysis were (1) after the Behavioral Skills Training, the children of the training group showed a higher level of knowledge about child sexual abuse than the control group. (2) After the Behavioral Skills Training, the children of the training group showed more adequate self-defensive skills than the control group when they faced situations of possible child sexual abuse. (3) The higher the level of knowledge about child sexual abuse, the more adequate self-defensive skills in situations of child sexual abuse. These results supported the effectiveness of Behavioral Skills Training as preventive education on potential child sexual abuse.