• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2021

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign neoplasm of the salivary glands. Its three malignant variants include carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, carcinosarcoma, and metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma. Among the subtypes of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma has rarely been reported. Additionally, metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma is rare. We report the imaging findings of a high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma ex metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland and parapharyngeal space in a 42-year-old man.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2012

Purpose: Basal cell adenoma of the salivary gland is an uncommon type of monomorphic adenoma. The most frequent location is parotid gland. It usually appears as a firm, mobile and slow-growing mass. Originally the term "basal cell adenoma" is described as a benign salivary gland tumor comprised of uniform appearing basaloid cells which are arranged in solid, trabecular, tubular, and membranous patterns. But the myxoid and chondroid mesenchymal like component as seen in pleomorphic adenoma is lacking in basal cell adenoma. We report a case of basal cell adenoma of parotid gland with review of the literatures. Methods: The 59-year-old female patient was referred to our department with a painless palpable mass in the left preauricular region for about 1 year. Movable and nontender subcutaneous mass was palpable. There was no evidence of cervical metastasis in computed tomography and ultrasonography. On fine needle aspiration cytology, pleomorphic adenoma was suspected. Under general anesthesia, superficial parotidectomy including tumor was performed. The biopsy result was basal cell adenoma. Results: Long-term follow-up for 54 months showed favorable result without evidence of recurrence except for temporary facial nerve weakness right after the surgery. Conclusion: Basal cell adenoma is the third most frequent benign tumor of the salivary gland, following pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin's tumor, although the incidence is low. The typical clinical feature of the basal cell adenoma is slowly growing, asymptomatic, and freely movable parotid mass. Basal cell adenoma should be also considered as a differential diagnosis of the parotid gland benign tumor.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1980.09a
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• pp.87-113
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• 1980

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of Korean ginseng extract on carcinogenesis induced by various chemical carcinogens. Red ginseng extract was used for this study and was administered orally to the experimental animals. Carcinogens that were injected in subscapsular region of ICR newborn mice within 24 hours after birth were 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzan-thracene (DMBA), urethane, N-2-fluorenylacetamide(AAF), aflatoxin $B_1$ and tobacco smoke condensate. N -methyl-N -nitroso-N'-nitroguani-dine(MNNG) was injected subcutaneously at the back of wistar rats. Experimental animals were autopsied in immediately after being sacrificed. All major organs were examined grossly and weighted. After fixation histopathological preparations were made for microscopical study. Following results were obtained. In DMBA group sacrificed at the 26th week after the treatment with DMBA, the incidence of lung adenoma was $77\%$ and the average number of the tumor was 17. However, in DMBA combined with red ginseng group, the incidence was $78\%$ and the average number of lung adenoma was 14.1. This indicates that ginseng extract had no effect on the incidence of lung adenoma but decreased the average number of lung adenoma by $17\%.$ In DMBA group sacrificed at the 48th week after the injection of DMBA, the lung adenoma incidence was $88\%.$ The average diameter of the largest lung adenoma was 3.5 cm, the incidence of diffuse pulmonary infiltration was $18\%$ and the average lung weight of male experimental mice was $528.2{\pm}469.1\;gm.$ On the other hand, in DMBA combined with red ginseng group sacrificed at the 48th week, the incidence of lung adenoma was $96\%.$ The average diameter of the largest adenoma was 2.7 cm, the incidence of diffuse pulmonary infiltration was $7\%$ and the average lung weight of male mice was $418.0{\pm}520\;gm.$ These observations show that ginseng extract did not have any inhibitory effect on the incidence of lung adenoma but decreased the average diameter of the largest lung adenoma by $23\%,$ the incidence of duffuse pulmonary infiltration by $63\%$ and the average lung weight of male experimental mice by $21\%.$ From these results we have found that the prolonged administration with ginseng extract showed no inhibitory effect on the incidence of adenoma but it had the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of lung adenomas induced by DMBA. In urethane group sacrificed at the 28th week after the injection of urethane, the incidence of lung adenoma was $94\%$ and the average number of lung adenoma was 8.6. In urethane combined with red ginseng group, the. incidence of lung adenoma was $73\%$ and the average number of adenoma was 6.0. These results indicate that there were $22\%$ decrease of the lung adenoma incidence and $31\%$ decrease of the average number of adenoma in urethane combined with red ginseng group. And in urethane group sacrificed at the 50th week, the incidence of lung adenoma was $98\%$ and the incidence of diffuse pulmonary infiltration was $14\%$. In urethane combined with ginseng group the incidence of lung adenoma was $85\%$ and the incidence of diffuse pulmonary infiltration was $12\%$. Therefore the ginseng administration resulted in $15\%$ decrease of the lung adenoma incidence and $14\%$ decrease of the diffuse pulmonary infiltration incidence. From these results we knew that the prolonged administration with ginseng extract inhibited the incidence and also the proliferation of the lung adenoma induced by urethane. Lung adenoma and hepatoma were induced in the experimental mice sacrificed at the 68th week but not in the experimental mice sacrificed at the 28th week after the injection of AAF. In AAF group sacrificed at the 68th week after the injection of AAF the incidence of lung adenoma was $18\%$ and the incidence of hepatoma was $27\%$. And in AAF combined with ginseng group the lung adenoma incidence was $12\%$ and the hepatoma incidence was $37\%$. So the ginseng seemed to decrease the lung adenoma incidence by AAF, but we were unable to conclude the significant inhibitory effect of the ginseng extract on the incidence of lung adenoma by AAF because the above incidence of lung adenoma were similar to that of control group which was $11\%$. And these experimental data revealed that ginseng extract didn't have any inhibitory effect on the incidence of hepatoma induced by AAF. In aflatoxin $B_1$ group sacrificed at the 56th week, the incidence of lung adenoma was $24\%$ and hepatoma was $11\%$. However in aflatoxin $B_1$ combined with ginseng group the incidence of lung adenoma was $17\%$ and hepatoma was $3\%$ These results indicate that there were $29\%$ decrease of the lung adenoma incidence and $75\%$ decrease of the hepatoma incidence in aflatoxin $B_1$ combined with ginseng group. In tobacco smoke condensate experimental group sacrificed at 67th week, no tumors were induced except just a few lung adenoma. The lung adenoma incidence both in tobacco smoke condensate group and in tobacco smoke condensate combined with ginseng group was $8\%$. And this incidence rate was similar to that of control group. These results indicate that the injection of 320 ug tobacco smoke condensate per ICR newborn mouse was unable to induce lung adenoma in our experiments. In MNNG group sacrificed at the 27th week the tumor incidence was $38.5\%$ and in MNNG combined with ginseng extract group was $37\%$. In MNNG group for investigation of the life span of tumor bearing rats the tumor incidence was $93\%$ and the average life span of tumor bearing rats was 318 days. And in MNNG combined with ginseng extract group the tumor incidence was $96\%$ and the average life span was 337 days. Tumor induced by MNNG was almost sarcoma. This indicates that there was no inhibitory effect of ginseng extract on the tumor incidence, but the extract prolonged the average life span of tumor bearing rats by approximately 19 days.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.361-368
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• 1995

Basal cell tumors from 53 dogs were examined histologically and classified as basal cell adenoma(n=44), granular basal cell adenoma(n=1), basal cell carcinoma(n=3), basosquamous cell adenoma(n=1), basosquamous carcinoma(n=4) on the basis of malignancy and squamous metaplasia. Female was twenty three and male was thirty. Affected dogs are usually 5.6 years and sex predilection have not been seen. None of tumor examined was metastasized into other organs. Distinct patterns identified in the basal cell adenoma are solid(n=15), cystic(n=13), adenoid(n=8), medusa(n=5) and ribbon(n=3). Solid basal cell adenoma is common type in benign basal cell adenoma. Only one neoplasm was granular basal cell adenoma which was characterized by eccentric nucleus and abundant granular cytoplasm. Basal cell carcinoma showed anaplastic appearance histologically and had atypical basaloid epithelial cells and multinucleated giant cells with moderate number of mitotic figures. Both basosquamous cell adenoma and carcinoma had squamous metaplasia.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.55-57
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• 2019

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor of the salivary gland. Pleomorphic adenoma occurs most commonly in the parotid gland but it may involve other salivary gland such as submandible or lingual. We report an ectopic pleomorphic adenoma in the subcutaneous layer of the face. A woman presented with a mass of the nasolabial fold. After excision of the mass, it was revealed as an pleomorphic adenoma pathologically. An ectopic pleomorphic adenoma which was located in the subcutaneous layer of the face is very rare in medical literature.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 1987

The basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland is rare benign disease, first described and adequately documented as a distinctive tumor from benigh mixed tumors(pleomorphic adenoma) by Kleinsasser and Klein in 1967. This tumors is an isomorphic epithelial tumor of salivery gland, characteristic of absence of myoepithelial cells which are present in pleomorphic adenoma and other salivery gland tumors. Clinicopathologically the tumors is very difficult to differentiate with pleomorphic adenoma or adenoid cystic carcinoma. The prognosis is excellent by complete extirpation of the tumor. The present report presents two cases of basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland seen in 63 year old man and 71 year old man in one-year period at Department of Surgery, Yonsei University, College of Medicine.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.269-274
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• 1997

Parotid canalicular adenoma is a benign neoplasm that is predominantly composed of branching and interconnecting cords of single or double rows of columnar epithelium in a very loose stroma. There has been considerable confusion in the literature concerning the terminology of canalicular adenoma. However, thesedays it has been newly-recognized as a discrete entity of the monomorphic adenoma group. Canalicular adenoma has a remarkable predilection for occurrence in the minor salivary glands such as the upper lip, in contrast with basal cell adenoma that occurs predominantly in major salivary glands such as the parotid gland. We have experienced a case of canalicular adenoma of the parotid gland in a 65-year-old woman. The patient had a palpable mass on the preauricular area for the last 15 years and recently noticed a mild pain and discomfort on the mass. Neck ultrasonography showed a low echogenic mass of 1.0cm in diameter in the right parotid gland and a neck CT scan showed a well-enhanced rectangular-shaped mass. A superficial parotidectomy was performed for the lesion and the final pathologic diagnosis turned out to be 'multifocal canalicular adenoma'.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.447-451
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• 2010

Purpose: Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign neoplasm in parotid gland. Superficial parotidectomy was usually used to remove the pleomorphic adenoma. But, this method has to remove tumor with normal parotid tissue. Authors did lumpectomy to remove pleomorphic adenoma in parotid gland, because pleomorphic adenoma is wrapped in a capsule as it grows. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of lumpectomy as a treatment of pleomorphic adenoma in parotid gland. Method: From 2002 to 2008, 8 patients underwent the lumpectomy of the pleomorphic adenoma in parotid gland. Occurrence of the complications and recurrance were evaluated. Result: Patients were followed-up for a mean 45 months. There were no recurrance or no complication after lumpectomy. Conclusion: Authors suggest that the lumpectomy lead to decrese complications, recurrane and can be used as a procedure for the resection of pleomorphic adenoma in parotid gland.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.187-190
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• 2004

A mixed case of multiple sebaceous gland adenoma and perianal gland adenoma was found in a 11-year-old male Shih Tzu dog. Grossly, many masses less than 1 cm in diameter of back skin and single red-brown mass about 0.5 cm in diameter of inner ear were noted. In addition one of light-pink mass 5 cm in diameter was presented in the anus. All of the masses were well demarcated and dome-shaped or papillated nodules. Histologically, the mass from back and ear were composed with multiple irregular shaped or sized lobules of sebaceous glands. Masses were containing mostly mature sebaceous cells and multifocal cystic degeneration with acellular and bright eosinophilic materials. And the mass from peri-anal area was well-circumscribed and composed of broad, anastomosing trabeculae of well-differentiated hepatoid cells. There were very low mitotic figures in all masses. Based on these results, this case was diagnosed as the multiple sebaceous gland adenoma and perianal gland adenoma.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.246-249
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• 2008

Cause of pituitary apoplexy has been known as hemorrhage, hemorrhagic infarction or infarction of pituitary adenoma or adjacent tissues of pituitary gland. However, pituitary apoplexy caused by pure infarction of pituitary adenoma has been rarely reported. Here, we present the two cases pituitary apoplexies caused by pituitary adenoma infarction that were confirmed by transsphenoidal approach (TSA) and pathologic reports. Pathologic report of first case revealed total tumor infarction of a nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma and second case partial tumor infarction of ACTH secreting pituitary macroadenoma. Patients with pituitary apoplexy which was caused by pituitary adenoma infarction unrelated to hemorrhage or hemorrhagic infarction showed good response to TSA treatment. Further study on the predisposing factors of pituitary apoplexy and the mechanism of infarction in pituitary adenoma is necessary.