• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 1988

This study was carried out to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization levels (0, 100 and 200kg/ha) and formaldehyde (0.4,0.8 and 1.2%: w/w CM) on the chemical composition, dry matter (DM) yield and in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of forage rape (Brassica napus Subsp. oleifera) silage. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Forage rape was a catch crop which was highly digestible and low concentration in NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin. 2. The concentration of the water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and buffering capacity (PK) was 17.9% and 6.77g/100g, respectively, provided the WSC to PK ratio was 2.65. 3. DM content of silage decreased as the rate of N fertilization increased, but concentration of ammonia-N decreased. IVDMD was not affected by the rate of N fertilization. 4. By the addition of formaldehyde, the pH and IVDMD were increased, but the DM, lactic acid, total organic acid and ammonia-N content of rape silage were decreased, that was effective as a silage additive for forage rape.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 1998

Background: Myprodol, a newly introduced combination analgesics with codeine, ibuprofen and paracetamol was evaluated in the dental surgery patients for its efficacy and side effects. Methods: Total 60 ASA I or II outpatients dental surgical patients were randomly assigned into three groups(n=20 each). After various oral procedures, one of three oral analgesics, myprodol, ibuprofen or codeine, was prescribed to each patients in double blind fashion for three days. Each patient was followed carefully by daily phone calls for verbal analog pain scale, side effects and patient's satisfaction level. Results: Demographic data and duration of surgery revealed no statistical differences in all three groups. Myprodol group showed better verbal analgesic scores consistently for the study period than ibuprofen or codeine group. Adverse effects were minimal. Patients' satisfaction level was high in all three groups. Conclusion: We conclude that myprodol is an excellent oral analgesic for day-surgery based dental procedure patients. This effect appears to be synergistic among different analgesics rather than additive.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.237-242
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• 2013

Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer in women and has a high mortality rate. Cisplatin, an antitumor agent, is generally used for its treatment. However, the administration of cisplatin is associated with side effects and intrinsic resistance. Morinda citrifolia (Noni), a natural plant product, has been shown to have anti-cancer properties. In this study, we used Noni, cisplatin, and the two in combination to study their cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects in cervical cancer HeLa and SiHa cell lines. We demonstrate here, that Noni/Cisplatin by themselves and their combination were able to induce apoptosis in both these cell lines. Cisplatin showed slightly higher cell killing as compared to Noni and their combination showed additive effects. The observed apoptosis appeared to be mediated particularly through the up-regulation of p53 and pro-apoptotic Bax proteins, as well as down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-$X_L$ proteins and survivin. Augmentation in the activity of caspase-9 and -3 was also observed, suggesting the involvement of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis for both Noni and Cisplatin in HeLa and SiHa cell lines.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.931-936
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• 2006

This study sought to investigate any additive or interactive effects that soy isoflavones may have on the ecosystem of the gut, which is influenced by fructooligosaccharide (FOS) in colon-cancer model rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine were given experimental diets containing 0, 3, 6, or 9% FOS with or without 0.1% soy isoflavone for 12 weeks. In addition to the effects of FOS dosage on the gut ecosystem, dietary supplementation with soy isoflavone reduced the number of colonic aberrant crypts (ACs). The fecal weight, fecal pH, and gut transit time significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner in rats fed FOS and the fecal concentration of bifidobacteria was higher in rats fed FOS than in control rats. The fecal output of total short-chain fatty acids, acetate, and propionate was significantly increased by the presence of FOS and was negatively correlated with the number of ACs, whereas the fecal output of butyrate showed no significant correlation with FOS dosage. The addition of soy isoflavone to the diet did not result in any significant differences in gut ecosystem parameters. Therefore, we conclude that the suppressive effect of soy isoflavone on ACs was not associated with the intestinal ecosystem, which was significantly altered by the dosage of FOS.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.334-339
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• 2004

In this study, the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and/or hinokitiol (${\beta}-thujaplicin$) on melanogenesis were investigated. Our results showed that both EGCG and hinokitiol significantly inhibited melanin synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner, and that their hypopigmenting effects were stronger than that of kojic acid, which is known to inhibit melanin formation in melanocytes and melanoma cells. Interestingly, EGCG did not show any additive hypopigmenting effect in combination with kojic acid, though EGCG did show a synergistic effect in combination with hinokitiol. Several reports indicate that the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) induces microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) degradation. Accordingly, the effects of EGCG and hinokitiol on the ERK signaling pathway were examined. EGCG and hinokitiol induced neither ERK activation nor MITF degradation. On the other hand, both EGCG and hinokitiol reduced the protein levels of MITF and of tyrosinase, the rate limiting melanogenic enzyme, whereas kojic acid had no effect. In addition, hinokitiol strongly downregulated the activity of tyrosinase, whereas EGCG or kojic acid had only a little effect. These results show that both EGCG and hinokitiol reduce MITF production, and suggest that reduced tyrosinase activity by hinokitiol explains their synergistic effect on melanogenesis.

• Mycobiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.11-14
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• 2001

A preparation of water soluble components(EA) was made from carpophores of Elfvingia applanata(Pers.) Karst and its in vitro antibacterial activity on a number of bacterial species was examined by macrobroth dilution assay. Among 16 species of bacteria tested, the most potent antibacterial activity was observed against Staphylococcus epiderrnidis and Proteus vulgaris, of which MICs were 1.25 mg/ml. To investigate the antibacterial effects in combinations of EA with quinolone antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin, the fractional inhibitory concentrations(FICs) and the fractional inhibitory concentration indices(FICIs) for four bacterial strains were determined by macrobroth dilution checkerboard assay. Combinations of EA and quinolones exhibited either additive or indifferent effects of antibacterial activity in most instances. However, both synergistic and antagonistic effects were not observed in any cases.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2011

The replication competent adenoviral vector (AV), AdLPCDIRESE1A was generated and reported previously to have cytotoxic effects in some cell lines. In AdLPCDIRESE1A, the expression of cytosine deaminse (CD) and E1A genes are under the control of tumor-specific L-plastin promoter. CD enzyme can deaminate the nontoxic prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to the toxic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). E1A gene is essential for viral replication. Primary liver cancer, most of which is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the third common leading cancer in Korea. Thus, we have conducted in vitro preclinical study to evaluate effectiveness of AdLPCDIRESE1A on HCC. The efficacy of cytotoxicity was measured by generation of cytopathic effect (CPE) and cell counting. We infected HepG2 cells with various MOI of vector alone or concurrent with 5-FC. Exposure of cells to AdLPCDIRESE1A generated a significant cytotoxic effect as compared to the control. Almost 83% of the cell had manifested the characteristic cytotoxic effect on day 9 after infection of cells with 10 MOI of vector. We also observed the additive cytotoxic effects when AdLPCDIRESE1A vector had been coadministrated with 5-FC. The results suggest that the use of AdLPCDIRESE1A/5FC may be value in treatment of liver cancer. Further animal studies are needed for clinical trial.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1251-1256
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• 2005

In this study, we evaluated the cytoprotective effects of antioxidative substances in hydrogen peroxide ($H_{2}O_{2}$) treated Mel-Ab melanocytes. Tested substances include selenium, quercetin, green tea (GT) extract, and several vitamins (ascorbic acid, Trolox, and folic acid). Of these, both quercetin and GT extract were found to have strong cytoprotective effects on $H_{2}O_{2}$­induced cell death. We also examined additive effects, but no combination of two of any of the above substances was found to act synergistically against oxidative damage in Mel-Ab cells. Nevertheless, a multi-combination of GT extract, quercetin, and folic acid appeared to prevent cellular damage in a synergistic manner, which suggests that combinations of antioxidants may be of importance, and that co-treatment with antioxidants offers a possible means of treating vitiligo, which is known to be related to melanocyte oxidative stress.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.109-118
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• 2021

Recently, there has been an increased interest in the remanufacturing of mechanical parts using metal additive manufacturing processes in regards to resource recycling and carbon neutrality. DED (directed energy deposition) process can create desired metallic shapes on both even and uneven substrate via line-by-line deposition. Hence, DED process is very useful for the repair, retrofit and remanufacturing of mechanical parts with irregular damages. The objective of the current paper is to investigate the effects DED process parameters, including the effects of power and the scan speed of the laser, on deposition and residual stress characteristics for remanufacturing of mechanical parts using experiments and finite element analyses (FEAs). AISI 1045 is used as the substrate material and the feeding powder. The characteristic dimensions of the bead shape and the heat affected zone (HAZ) for different deposition conditions are obtained from the experimental results. Efficiencies of the heat flux model for different deposition conditions are estimated by the comparison of the results of FEAs with those of experiments in terms of the width and the depth of HAZ. In addition, the influence of the process parameters on residual stress distributions in the vicinity of the deposited region is investigated using the results of FEAs. Finally, a suitable deposition condition is predicted in regards to the bead formation and the residual stress.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.323-329
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• 2012

Genome-wide association study was performed on data from 266 Hanwoo steers derived from 66 sires using bovine 10K mapping chip in Hanwoo (Korean cattle). SNPs were excluded from the analysis if they failed in over 5% of the genotypes, had median GC scores below 0.6, had GC scores under 0.6 in less than 90% of the samples, deviated in heterozygosity more than 3 standard deviations from the other SNPs and were out of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a cut-off p-value of $1^{-15}$. Unmapped and SNPs on sex chromosomes were also excluded. A total of 4,522 SNPs were included in the analysis. To test an association between SNP and QTL, a single marker regression analysis was implemented in this study. SNP was assumed to be in LD with QTL in close proximity and the effect evaluated was additive effect (QTL allele substitution effect). The number of significant SNP at a threshold of P<0.001 was 3, 5, 5 and 4 loci for live weight at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, respectively. For live weight at different ages, significant SNP were spread out across chromosome but some of significant SNP (rs29012453 and rs29012456 on BTA24) had shown highly significant effects. As for the distribution of size of SNP effects, few loci for live weight at different age had moderate effects (6~11%) but most of significant loci had small effects (2 to 5% of additive genetic variance) against total additive genetic variance. In conclusion, live weight at different age might be affected by few loci with moderate effect and many loci with small effects across genome in Hanwoo.