• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.262-265
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• 2015

국내에서 재배되는 단삼의 부산물을 느타리버섯 병재배 배지재료로 활용할 수 있도록 적정 첨가량에 대한 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 단삼 10% 첨가된 배지에서 12.7 cm였고, 대조구인 포플러톱밥+미강(8:2)배지에서는 12.5 cm로 단삼 첨가배지와 균사생장이 거의 비슷하였다. 그러나 단삼 첨가량이 증가할수록 대조구인 포플러톱밥+미강(8:2) 배지 보다 균사생장이 느렸다. 자실체 수량은 대조구가 136.6 g/850 ml였고, 단삼 5 g/병 첨가시 139.5 g/850 ml으로 가장 높았으며, 단삼 첨가량이 증가할수록 수량은 급격히 낮아졌다. 갓의 직경과 대의 두께는 대조구보다 단삼 첨가에서 높았으며, 갓의 두께는 단삼 30 g 첨가에서 가장 높았고, 대의 길이는 단삼 20 g과 30 g에서 가장 높았다. 대와 갓의 경도는 단삼 40 g 첨가까지는 대조구보다 낮은 경향을 보였다. 수확기 자실체의 갓과 대의 색도를 측정한 결과 대의 L값은 단삼 20 g과 50 g에서 가장 높았고, 갓의 L값은 단삼 30 g에서 가장 높은 경향을 보였고, a, b값은 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.868-873
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• 2004

유용성이 확보된 L-threonine의 효율적인 발효생산을 위하여 생산균주 E. coli MT201를 유전자재조합을 통하여 개량하고 적절한 탄소원을 발굴하여 전체적인 생산량 증대를 도모하였다. 먼저, 5 liter발효조에서 유가식 배양을 통하여 생산균주 E. coli MT201이 균체량이 52($OD_{660}$)일때 57 g/1의 생산량을 보이는 것을 확인하였다. L-Threonine의 생산성 향상을 위하여 균체 내에서 생합성 전구물질인 oxaloacetate를 충분하게 공급하기 위해 C. glutamicum 유래의 pyruvate carboxylase의 유전자를 plasmid pPYC의 형태로 E. coli MT201에 도입하였다(E. coli MT/PYC). 그렇지만 E. coli MT/PYC을 배양한 결과로부터 E. coli MT201와 비교할 때 균체증식 및 생산량이 모두 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 이를 해결하기 위하여 플라스크배양을 통하여 포도당과 sodium citrate를 1.5:3.5의 비율로 배지 중에 첨가하였을 때 이들 문제가 개선되는 것을 관찰하였다. 상기 비율의 탄소원 조건하에서 5liter 발효조를 이용한 유가식 배양에서 배양 75시간째에 L-threonine의 생산량 및 균체량($OD_{660}$)이 각각 75.7 g/l와 48로 효율적으로 향상되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 과도한 anaplerosis에 의한 TCA 회로의 불균형을 중간산물인 citric acid를 sodium citrate의 형태로 공급함으로써 E. coli MT/PYC에서 균체증식이 정상화됨을 의미한다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.100-117
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• 2003

Background In Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM), human beings are classified into four constitutions: Taeyangin, Taewnin, Soyangin, and Soeumin. SCM presents various lifestyles and treatments for each constitution. The problem of SCM is that its diagnosis is so subjective that the result of the diagnosis depends on the doctor. In order to solve this problem, multiple approaches have been objectively researched. To use a questionnaire is the most common method among the different approaches. Since there are a few problems in the Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II (QSCC II), which in recent days has been used frequently, the necessity of a new questionnaire has arisen. Objective The purpose of this study is to develop a new questionnaire for the objectivity of the Sasang Constitution Classification by complementing the existing questionnaire. Methods In order to search for the existing questionnaire's problems, I first compare the ratio of the amount of questions regarding external appearance to that of questions of mental characteristics and physiologic & pathologic symptoms in QSCCII and QSCCII +. We created the new questionnaires by reinterpreting ${\ulcorner}Dongyi$ Soose $Bowon{\lrcorner}$ through SCM professors' and medical residents' discussion and by adding some items related to the diagnosis about the constitution from other SCM books and clinical experience. Results 1. The new questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification is self-reported questionnaire based on a multiple choice system of 4 questions. 2. The new questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification consists of 28 questions, which include 7 questions about external appearance, 4 questions about mental characteristics, and 17 questions about physiologic & pathologic symptoms. 3. The new questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification consists of 24 questions of Taeyangin, 28 of Taeumin, 28 of Soyongin, 28 of Soeumin. 4. We will have to verify validity and reliability of new questionnaire for rhe Sasang Constitution Classification.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2009

본 연구는 기존 발효퇴비의 첨가 수준이 퇴비화 진행과정에 주는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 과제 수행에 있어 지금까지 도출된 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 퇴비화 개시 2일 경과 후에 각 처리별 온도는 $67{\sim}71^{\circ}C$ 내외로 상승하였다. 발효퇴비를 첨가하지 않은 대조구와 발쵸퇴비 5% 첨가수준의 두 개의 퇴비단에서 $71^{\circ}C$까지 상승하였으며 발효퇴비 15% 첨가수준에서 $67^{\circ}C$를 기록하여 온도 최고점이 제일 낮았다. 온도변화를 기준으로 볼 때 퇴비화 전 기간 동안 대조구의 발효속도가 타 처리구에 비해 느린 것으로 판단할 수 있다. 2. 암모니아 발생양태는 온도변화 패턴과 유사한 경향을 보인다. 즉 발효온도가 높은 시기에는 암모니아 발생농도가 높고 뒤집기 이후의 퇴비단 온도상승은 암모니아 발생정도의 증가추세를 수반하는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 퇴비화의 진행초기에는 pH가 상승하는 경향을 보였다. 이는 퇴비화진행 초기단계에서 발생하였던 암모니아 농도 증가와 연관되어진 것으로 볼 수 있다. 퇴비화가 진행되어짐에 따라 pH는 점차 낮아져서 본 시험의 퇴비화 후기에는 PH가 각 처리구별로 다소간의 차이는 있지만 약 7~8 사이로 낮아지는 추세를 나타냈다. 4. 퇴비화 기간이 경과함에 따라 각 처리별 퇴비단의 C/N은 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 각 처리구별 C/N 감소정도는 퇴비화 초기에 더 높게 나타났고 이러한 경향은 각 처리구에서 비슷한 추세를 보였다. 5. 퇴비화에 따른 미생물 수는 퇴비와 개시 후 증가하다가 퇴비단의 온도 감소와 함께 감소하는 경향을 보이고 있고 이러한 추세는 전 처리구에서 공히 관찰되었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 휴.폐광산 인근 납(Pb), 카드뮴(Cd), 비소(As)로 오염된 논토양에 대하여 $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$, $Na_2HPO_4{\cdot}12H_2O$, $Ca(H_2PO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$, $Ca(H_2PO_4)_2{\cdot}H_2O$, $H_3PO_4$를 안정화물질로 선정하여 $PO_4/Pb_{total}$의 몰비를 0.5, 1, 2, 4로 안정화 처리하였다. 안정화효율 평가를 위해 토양오염공정시험법과 TCLP(EPA Method 1311)를 수행한 결과, 납의 경우 $H_3PO_4$와 $Ca(H_2PO_4)_2{\cdot}H_2O$가 토양환경보전법상의 '가' 지역 기준을 만족하였으며, 특히 $H_3PO_4$의 경우 몰비가 증가할수록 안정화 효율이 급격히 증가하였다. 카드뮴은 납에 비하여 안정화효율이 매우 낮게 나타났으며, 비소의 경우 대부분의 안정화물질에서 안정화효율이 거의 나타나지 않거나 오히려 용출농도가 증가하였다. $H_3PO_4$가 다른 인산염 물질에 비해 납의 안정화에 높은 효율을 나타낸 것은 $H_3PO_4$에 의한 토양 pH의 저하로 인한 $Pb^{2+}$의 용출과 함께 $PO_4$가 반응하여 생성물인 hydroxypyromorphite(HP) 형성되었기 때문으로 판단된다. 연속추출법을 통한 안정화처리 전.후 토양내 중금속 결합형태의 변화는 $H_3PO_4$의 경우 5단계인 Residual fraction의 비율이 약 60% 정도 증가하였고 XRD 분석결과 $H_3PO_4$에서만 hydroxypyromorphite peak가 발견된 것과 일치하였다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

The application of Dongchimi liquid into Naengmyon broth for the improved eating quality of Naengmyon was scientifically explored by reviewing the quality properties of the product. Primarily, the optimum fermentation conditions for Dongchimi from which the liquid portion was extracted were pursued and the optimum mixing ratio was sought on the basis of sensory and microbiological properties of the product. The liquid portions which had been periodically extracted from Dongchimi at intervals of two or five days during fermentation at $10^{\circ}C$ were added to Naengmyon broth. The treatments were prepared with three levels, namely, basic broth only('A') and the ratios of 3:7(v/v, 'B') and 5:5(v/v, 'C') of Dongchimi liquid and basic broth, respectively. According to assessments of Dongchimi liquid on taste and intensity based on sensory analyses, the organoleptic factors such as color, smell, sour taste, carbonated taste, and overall acceptability were given higher values from day 11 to day 17 in all items. As for the assessment of Dongchimi liquid on intensity, color, sour odor, moldy odor, and carbonated taste have shown the increasing scores during with high intensities while those for clearness has stayed low. Most of the phenomena observed from the Naengmyon broth substituted with $30\%$ (Treatment 'A') and $50\%$ (Treatment 'B') of Dongchimi liquids with different storage periods ensued much of the previous fermentation pattern of Dongchimi itself. Organoleptic assessment on taste and its intensity showed that better(the best) scores could be obtained at between day 16$\~$25(17) and 13$\~$20(15) for Treatments A and B, respectively. The intensity scores of taste for color, smell, carbonated taste, sour taste, and mouthfeel were increased while those for clearness, palatability, and meaty ones were decreased with lapse of fermentation. The numbers of total cell and lactic acid bacterial counts of Dongchimi has increased until day 13 and then decreased in the later stages. Total cell count and lactic acid bacterial counts of Naengmyon broth also increased until the 13th day and then they began to decrease. It was also proven that slightly over-ripened Dongchimi liquid was more preferable for adding into Naengmyon broth. Granting the optimum ripening period of Dongchimi liquid itself to be 13 days, both Treatment A and Treatment B were evenly favored using Dongchimi liquids slightly over-ripened at days 13 to 17. However, Treatment A was more favored than Treatment B when Dongchimi liquid over-ripened for 20 to 26 days was used.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2012

This research focused on the effects of adding Hizikia fusiforme to Jeolpyun. We were able to demonstrate in this study that Jeolpyun after the addition of Hizikia fusiforme had the potential to become a functional food. Jeolpyun with 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% of Hizikia fusiforme was analyzed by water content, color, sensory and textural characteristics immediately after production and one day later. The five different types of Jeolpyun did not show any significant differences in water content. However, all the Jeolpyun with Hizikia fusiforme showed slightly higher water retention ratio than the control after storage. As the result of Hunter's color values, lightness decreased significantly as the amount of Hizikia fusiforme increased. Redness increased in the Jeolpyun with Hizikia fusiforme compared with the control. Yellowness was highest in the Jeolpyun with 2% of Hizikia fusiforme and decreased with an increase in its content. In the textural analysis, hardness, chewiness, adhesiveness and gumminess of Jeolpyun with 2% and 4% of Hizikia fusiforme were similar to those of the control, whereas springiness of Jeolpyun with 2%, 4% and 6% of Hizikia fusiforme were similar to that of the control group. Cohesiveness significantly decreased as the amount of Hizikia fusiforme increased. When the Jeolpyun was preserved for one day, all five Jeolpyun showed significant increases in hardness, gumminess and chewiness. However, their adhesiveness significantly decreased. Cohesiveness decreased in all Jeolpyun except for the 8% Jeolpyun. In sensory evaluation, color and aroma became stronger as the content of Hijikia fuziforme increased, and 2% Jeolpyun showed similar hardness with the control. Jeolpyun with Hijikia fuziforme showed no difference in cohesiveness with the control, but the adhesiveness showed a little increase when compared to the control. The overall acceptability of 2% Jeolpyun showed slightly higher than control. After one day of storage, Jeolpyun with 2% of Hijikia fuziforme also showed the highest overall acceptability. And the overall acceptability showed the biggest decrease in the control group. Overall acceptability showed strong negative correlation with color, aroma and hardness, and showed strong positive correlation with cohesiveness and adhesiveness. After one day of storage, overall acceptability showed a decrease in correlation with color and smell and an increase in correlation with cohesiveness, compared to before storage. Results of multiple regression analysis showed that hardness had the biggest influence(-) on the overall acceptability of Jeolpyun, aroma and cohesiveness ranked second(-) and third(+) respectively. After one day of storage, cohesiveness had the biggest influence on the overall acceptability of Jeolpyun. Color and adhesiveness ranked second(-) and third(+) respectively. It can be seen that different factors influence overall acceptability of Jeolpyun after storage.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제81권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2018

Background: Patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to tuberculous destroyed lung (TDL) have a poor prognosis. The aim of the present retrospective study was to develop a mortality prediction model for TDL patients who require mechanical ventilation. Methods: Data from consecutive TDL patients who had received mechanical ventilation at a single university-affiliated tertiary care hospital in Korea were reviewed. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors predicting intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. A TDL on mechanical Ventilation (TDL-Vent) score was calculated by assigning points to variables according to ${\beta}$ coefficient values. Results: Data from 125 patients were reviewed. A total of 36 patients (29%) died during ICU admission. On the basis of multivariate analysis, the following factors were included in the TDL-Vent score: age ${\geq}65$ years, vasopressor use, and arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio <180. In a second regression model, a modified score was then calculated by adding brain natriuretic peptide. For TDL-Vent scores 0 to 3, the 60-day mortality rates were 11%, 27%, 30%, and 77%, respectively (p<0.001). For modified TDL-Vent scores 0 to ${\geq}3$, the 60-day mortality rates were 0%, 21%, 33%, and 57%, respectively (p=0.001). For both the TDL-Vent score and the modified TDL-Vent score, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were larger than that of other illness severity scores. Conclusion: The TDL-Vent model identifies TDL patients on mechanical ventilation with a high risk of mortality. Prospective validation studies in larger cohorts are now warranted.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.509-516
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• 2012

기존 내화성능 확보기술인 섬유혼입 콘크리트의 경우 내화성능을 높이기 위해 섬유량이 과다하게 투입되면 초고압 펌핑시 엉킴현상이 발생하여 압송효율이 급격히 저하되는 문제점이 있다. 이에 이 연구에서는 기존 섬유 이외에 추가로 유동성 개선효과 및 내화성능을 확보할 수 있는 폭렬방지재를 개발하여 이를 활용한 60~80 MPa 고강도 콘크리트의 펌프압송성능 개선을 이 연구의 목표로 설정하였다. 이 연구에서 사용된 폭렬방지재는 pp섬유, 나일론 섬유 및 폴리머 분말을 혼입한 폴리믹스로서 이를 활용한 결과는 다음과 같다. 섬유혼입 유무에 따른 굳지않은 특성 중 슬럼프 플로우는 섬유투입시 압송 후 기존 대비 약 70% 물성이 개선되었고, 공기량은 섬유혼입에 관계없이 압송 후 다소 증가하였다. 압축강도는 재령 28일에서 설계기준강도를 상회하였고, 휨 강도는 압축강도 발현율 대비 12~15%로 기존 경향과 유사하게 나타났다. 탄성계수는 섬유혼입시 감소하였지만, 기준값 이상으로 문제는 없을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.372-378
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• 2009

The coloring agents $Cr_2O_3$ and $CrCl_3$ were manipulated in this study to synthesize ZnO-$Al_2O_3-Cr_2O_3$ system pigments by changing their mixing ratio. The addition of varying amounts of mineralizer was also tested to obtain better color development of the pink pigment. In the synthesis of ZnO- $Al(OH)_3-Cr_2O_3-CrCl_3$ pigments, the best composition is $Cr_2O_3$-0.1 mole and $CrCl_3$-0.2 mole when $Cr_2O_3$ is partially substituted with $CrCl_3$ to synthesize them. Among the $ZnAl_{1.6-x}Cr_{0.2+x}O_4$ compositions to which a mineralizer was not added, ZnO-1mole, $Al(OH)_3$-1.7 mole, $Cr_2O_3$-0.075 mole, and $CrCl_3$-0.15 mole showed a desirable pink hue. The measurements of pigments $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$, were $L^*$ 81.81, $a^*$ 16.65 and $b^*$ 0.45, and when the synthesized pigments were applied to a zinc glaze, the measurements were $L^*$ 60.41, $a^*$ 28.39, and $b^*$ 16.97. When adding a mineralizer, a 2 wt% addition resulted in the most favorable pink color. The composition for the most favorable result that included a mineralizer was $Al(OH)_3$-1.8 mole, $Cr_2O_3$-0.05 mole, and $CrCl_3$-0.1 mole, and the calcination temperature was $1250^{\circ}C$. The pigment color analysis showed $L^*$ 82.52, $a^*$17.14 and $b^*$-1.18, and the measurements of $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ in the glaze were $L^*$ 60.97, $a^*$ 28.77 and $b^*$ 13.72.