• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.195-234
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• 2013

Javanese culture has been perceived as peace-oriented and conflict-avoiding in both academic studies and local people's discourses, and this perception has been crystallized in the "rukun model" for understanding Javanese culture. But in reality, although the rukun values have been internalized in Javanese mindset, violence has never ceased in Javanese society and even seems more widespread in the Indonesian reform era. Based on this understanding, this paper reveals the limitations of peace-oriented rukun model which cannot explain conflict and violence, and instead suggests an alternative "territorial model" which can involve both peace and conflict. For that purpose, the author examines aspects of territoriality embedded in three components of Javanese villages: people, territory, and adat, and argues that territoriality works as the principle of organizing and managing Javanese society, as shown in their social stratum and various cultural practices as well as the way morality and justice are defined. By theorization of territorial model, we can understand rukun values and adat from a new perspective and thus achieve a more complete understanding of Javanese culture.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.903-906
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• 2005

프로젝션 디스플레이 시스템(PDS)을 사용한 Advanced Paper Document (APD)는 오프라인 문서와 온라인 문서의 장점을 모두 가지고 있다. PDS는 가상의 물체를 실제 세계에 공간적으로 연결하여 줌으로써 사용자에게 더욱 풍부한 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 본 논문은 단순하게 오프라인 문서에 대한 온라인 정보를 보여주는 APD의 기능을 확장한, 사용자가 직접 오프라인 문서에 온라인 정보들을 삽입, 삭제, 수정할 수 있는 Advanced Documents Authoring Tool (ADAT)을 제안한다. ADAT는 PDS 위에 놓여진 실제의 오프라인 문서와 가상의 온라인 정보를 직관적으로 연결해준다. 사용자가 전자펜을 통하여 문서를 선택하면, 작업 공간 위쪽에 설치된 카메라를 통하여 문서의 영상을 입력받고, 해당 문서의 기존에 저장되어있는 정보를 검색한 후, 프로젝터를 통하여 문서 위에 투영해줌으로써, 사용자에게 온라인 정보를 제공한다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.271-275
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• 2024

Purpose: Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly tools such as ChatGPT developed by OpenAI, a U.S.-based AI research organization, have transformed the healthcare and education sectors. This study investigated the effectiveness of ChatGPT in answering dentistry exam questions, demonstrating its potential to enhance professional practice and patient care. Materials and Methods: This study assessed the performance of ChatGPT 3.5 and 4 on U.S. dental exams - specifically, the Integrated National Board Dental Examination (INBDE), Dental Admission Test (DAT), and Advanced Dental Admission Test (ADAT) - excluding image-based questions. Using customized prompts, ChatGPT's answers were evaluated against official answer sheets. Results: ChatGPT 3.5 and 4 were tested with 253 questions from the INBDE, ADAT, and DAT exams. For the INBDE, both versions achieved 80% accuracy in knowledge-based questions and 66-69% in case history questions. In ADAT, they scored 66-83% in knowledge-based and 76% in case history questions. ChatGPT 4 excelled on the DAT, with 94% accuracy in knowledge-based questions, 57% in mathematical analysis items, and 100% in comprehension questions, surpassing ChatGPT 3.5's rates of 83%, 31%, and 82%, respectively. The difference was significant for knowledge-based questions(P=0.009). Both versions showed similar patterns in incorrect responses. Conclusion: Both ChatGPT 3.5 and 4 effectively handled knowledge-based, case history, and comprehension questions, with ChatGPT 4 being more reliable and surpassing the performance of 3.5. ChatGPT 4's perfect score in comprehension questions underscores its trainability in specific subjects. However, both versions exhibited weaker performance in mathematical analysis, suggesting this as an area for improvement.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 2016

This article presents an overview of the Native Customary Rights to forests and its role in protecting the future of native people of Sarawak, Malaysia. The native people have had a long history and strong relationship with their forests. Existing documents and studies have been critically reviewed and analyzed in order to elaborate the Native Customary Rights which are critical to the native people of this region. To have a better understanding on Native Customary Rights, it is important to answer three related questions: (i) Who is a native of Sarawak, (ii) What is 'custom', and (iii) What is the nature of 'rights'? The roles of Native Customary Rights for economic, political or social reasons, operate through informal rules embedded in the natives' customs and traditions. These rules have never been codified into formal laws because the adat system merely functions to manage the human relations which are tied to culture thus making it difficult to codify the culture into laws. It is evident that there are several issues underlying the development of Native Customary Rights: (i) Native Customary Rights are considered as inferiority to those of the State, (ii) the issue of over-shadowing of traditional laws by the colonial rule and the current statutory laws and, (iii) projects and land schemes involving the Native Land. It is understood that the challenges of promoting Native Customary Rights are daunting task; however, the constitutional laws need to carefully revise to provide a better future for the natives.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.65-76
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examines the opportunities and challenges of sharia-based regional development bank spin-offs in supporting economic growth and income distribution through a board of commissioner's approach. Research design, data, and methodology: The research design is qualitative research with the main data collection technique through in-depth interviews. Results: The results of the study show that Bank Nagari can support the performance of the West Sumatra government, especially in regional finance. The positive influence is shown in the benefit aspect of 31% and the opportunity of 28% which is the priority value. The challenges that must be faced are technology services, improving the quality of human resources, socialization, and application of local wisdom which is by the philosophical values of the people of West Sumatra Adat Basandi Syara' Syara' Basandi Kitabullah. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the local government of West Sumatra has an essential contribution to the conversion of Bank Nagari to RDB Syariah as a whole. The expected implication is that the local government and shareholders cooperate well in supporting the transformation to realize West Sumatra Mandani through the populist economy of the people of West Sumatra.