• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.81-83
• /
• 2006

Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges(PLEDs) are usually seen in acute and subacute cerebral lesions. Occasionally PLEDs could be observed in persistent structural lesions. We observed PLEDs-plus in a patient with right basal ganglionic hemorrhage, at 10 months and 13 months after the stroke. The patients suffered two seizures 3 months and 5 days before recording of EEG. PLEDs-plus may persist as an interictal abnormal finding and the rhythmic discharge of that may be increased by a seizure.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.27-31
• /
• 2013

Perfusion MR imaging is how to use exogenous and endogenous contrast agent. Exogenous perfusion MRI methods which are dynamic susceptibility contrast using $T2^*$ effect and dynamic contrast-enhanced using T1 weighted image after injection contrast media. An endogenous perfusion MRI method which is arterial spin labeling using arterial blood flow in body. In order to exam perfusion MRI in human, technical access are very important according to disease conditions. For instance, dynamic susceptibility contrast is used in patients with acute stroke because of short exam time, while dynamic susceptibility contrast or dynamic contrast enhancement provides the various perfusion information for patients with tumor, vascular stenosis. Arterial spin labeling is useful for children, women who are expected to be pregnant. In this regard, perfusion MR imaging is required to understanding, and the author would like to share information with clinical users

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.72-75
• /
• 2011

Aortic thrombi are important because it can cause the central and peripheral embolizations. Aortic thrombi can occur anywhere in the aorta but extremely rare in ascending aorta without atherosclerosis, aneurysm, cardiosurgical or traumatic state. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disorder of connective tissue and it can involve multisystem. Enhanced coagulation pathways, decreased fibrinolysis, and endothelial dysfunction probably contribute to vascular events in SSc. We report a case of a highly mobile thrombus in the ascending aorta, presented as an acute embolic stroke in the patient with systemic sclerosis. Surgical removal was performed to prevent recurrent embolic events.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2003

Single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) and positron emission tomography(PET) are modern imaging techniques that allow for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of hemodynamic changes in cerebrovascular diseases. SPECT has been becoming an indispensable method to investigate regional cerebral blood flow because equipment and isotope are easily available in most general hospitals. Acetazolamide stress SPECT has also been proved to be useful to evaluate the cerebrovascular reserve of occlusive cerebrovascular diseases and to select surgical candidate. PET has gained wide spread clinical use in the evaluation of the hemodynamic and metabolic consequences of extracranial or intracranial arterial obstructive disease despite its complexity and limited availability. PET has been established as an invaluable tool in the pathophysilogy investigation of acute ischemic stroke. The potentials, limitations, and clinical applications of SPECT and PET in various cerebrovascular diseases will be discussed in this article with reviews of literatures.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.78-83
• /
• 2009

Fibromuscular dysplasiais an uncommon condition of idiopathic, non-inflammatory and non-atherosclerotic disease of the musculature of arterial walls. The disease is rare, but it commonly affects young and middle aged women. Isolated intracranial cerebral fibromuscular dysplasia is extremely rare because cerebral fibromuscular dysplasia usually affects extracranial vessels. A 20-year-old woman was admitted with light hemiplegia and global aphasia. Brain MRI and MRA demonstrated acute left middle cerebral artery territory infarction with a multifocal stenosis and dilatation of the left middle cerebra artery and left internal carotid. The characteristic conventional cerebral angiographic findings demonstrated a typical string-of-beads appearance in the left distal internal carotid artery and proxiaml portion of the left middle cerebral artery, which suggested a medial type fibromuscular dysplasia. We report a case of isolated intracranial fibromuscular dysplasia with left middle cerebral artery territory infarction. Fibromuscular dysplasia should he considered as a stroke risk factors in children and young adults, especially in patients with no known cardiovascular risk factors.

• Journal of the Korean neurological association
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.417-418
• /
• 2018

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.30-34
• /
• 2022

In cases of hyponatremia induced by brain damage, it is important to distinguish between the syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) and cerebral salt wasting syndrome. A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is the standard treatment for hydrocephalus, and external lumbar drainage (ELD) is an option to evaluate the effect of a VP shunt. However, ELD has potential complications, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, meningitis, and rarely hyponatremia. Therefore, we report a case of a patient with cerebral salt-wasting syndrome resulting from ELD to treat normal-pressure hydrocephalus during the rehabilitation of acute ischemic stroke.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.155-162
• /
• 2024

Cerebral ischemia is the important cause of worldwide disability and mortality, that is one of the obstruction of blood vessels supplying to the brain. In early stage, glutamate excitotoxicity and high level of intracellular calcium (Ca²⁺) are the major processes which can promote many downstream signaling involving in neuronal death and brain tissue damaging. Moreover, autophagy, the reusing of damaged cell organelles, is affected in early ischemia. Under ischemic conditions, autophagy plays an important role to maintain energy of the brain and its function. In the other hand, over intracellular Ca²⁺ accumulation triggers excessive autophagic process and lysosomal degradation leading to autophagic process impairment which finally induce neuronal death. This article reviews the association between intracellular Ca²⁺ and autophagic process in acute stage of ischemic stroke.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.20.1-20.21
• /
• 2024

The brain and lungs, vital organs in the body, play essential roles in maintaining overall well-being and survival. These organs interact through complex and sophisticated bi-directional pathways known as the 'lung-brain axis', facilitated by their close proximity and neural connections. Numerous studies have underscored the mediation of the lung-brain axis by inflammatory responses and hypoxia-induced damage, which are pivotal to the progression of both pulmonary and neurological diseases. This review aims to delve into how pulmonary diseases, including acute/chronic airway diseases and pulmonary conditions, can instigate neurological disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Additionally, we highlight the emerging research on the lung microbiome which, drawing parallels between the gut and lungs in terms of microbiome contents, may play a significant role in modulating brain health. Ultimately, this review paves the way for exciting avenues of future research and therapeutics in addressing respiratory and neurological diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.883-891
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between each pattern identification such as Dampness-Phlegm, Fire-Heat, Deficiency of Qi, Deficiency of Yin and Blood Stagnation and blood lipid level in acute stroke patients. This study was done over patients hospitalized in 13 Oriental Medical Hospitals in the period of November 2006 to Jun 2009. Patients had been interviewed by residents and medical specialists who studied standard operation procedures in Fundamental Study for Syndrome of Oriental Medicine for Stroke. Study subjects consisted of group A that was distributed to specified pattern identification by medical specialist and discriminating program, group B that was distributed to specified pattern identification by medical specialist or discriminating program, and the control group that wasn't distributed to specified pattern identification by medical specialist and discriminating program. For the purpose of obtaining suitable result, we analyzed blood lipid level of each group by univariate analysis. In this study, there was not statistically significant relation between most of each pattern identification and blood lipid level except relation between Fire-Heat pattern group B and decreasing HDL cholesterol. Based on these results, it is suggested that Dampness-Phlegm would not be the independent predictors of hyperlipidemia unlike other studies that were presented in. More prospective studies between Fire-Heat and decreasing HDL cholesterol are to be done with more clinical data.