• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.71-75
• /
• 2007

Acute toxicity of BDR-29, a combined preparation of Cassia Semen, Prunellae Spica, Tribuli Fructus, and Uncariae Rhamulus et Uncus was examined using male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were treated with the BDR-29 intra-gastrically at 0 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg or 2,000 mg/kg and observed for two weeks. At the doses used no mortality or abnormal clinical signs in animals were shown during at the observation period. Also there was no difference in net body weight gain, gross pathological findings, and urine analysis at the terminal sacrifice among the groups rats treated with different doses of the test substance. The results suggested that acute oral toxicity of BDR-29 in rats is very low at the conditions employed in this study.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.101-107
• /
• 2010

1. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the acute toxicity and safety of Taeeumjowi-tang. 2. Methods: We investigated the acute toxicity for water-extracted Taeeumjowi-tang. 25 male and 25 female mice were observed for 14 days after one day oral administration of Taeeumjowi-tang at the respective doses of 0(control group), 2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg. 3. Results: We observed survival rates, general toxicity, change of body weight and autopsy. 4. Conclusions: The data confirmed that Taeeumjowi-tang is free from the toxicity and safety problems in oral route respectively. Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated groups(2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg). In conclusion, LD50 of Taeeumjowi-tang was over 5000 mg/kg and it is very safe to mice.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.153-159
• /
• 2009

In this study, we assessed the acute and subacute toxicity of Angelica gigas Nakai (A. gigas Nakai) extracts, which are comprised of decursin and decursinol angelate (D/DA) in rats. For the oral acute toxicity test, Sprague-Dawley (SD) male and female rats were gavaged with two doses of D/DA (200 and 2,000 mg/kg body weight) and then observed for any toxic symptoms for 2 weeks. The LD$_{50}$ value for the rats was greater than 2,000 mg/kg body weight for both male and female rats, which indicates that there were no toxic symptoms induced by doses of up to 2,000 mg/kg body weight. For the subacute toxicity study, rats were treated with D/DA at doses of 2 and 20 mg/kg body weight once a day for 30 days. There were no significant changes in body weight and food intake observed during the subacute toxicity study. In addition, no differences were observed between the control and treated groups when urinalysis was conducted or when hematology and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Finally, histopathological examination of the organs did not reveal any lesions in the control or treated groups. Taken together, these findings indicate that D/DA is safe and non-toxic.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2009

1. Objectives: The aim of this study is data analysis for acute toxicity and safety of Yangkyuksanhwa-tang. 2. Methods: We investigated the acute toxicity for water-extracted Yangkyuksanhwa-tang. 25 male and 25 female mice were observed for 14 days after one day oral administration of Yangkyuksanhwa-tang at the respective doses of 0(control group), 2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg. 3. Results: We observed survival rates, general toxicity, change of body weight and autopsy. 4. Conclusions: The data confirmed that Yangkyuksanhwa-tang is free from the toxicity and safety problems in oral route respectively. Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated groups(2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg). In conclusion, LD50 of Yangkyuksanhwa-tang was over 5000 mg/kg and it is very safe to mice.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.247-253
• /
• 2009

1. Objectives This study was designed to andyze the acute toxicity and safety of Yeoldahanso-tang 2. Methods We investigated the acute toxicity for water-extracted Yeoldahanso-tang. 25 male and 25 female mice were observed for 14 days after one day oral administration of Yeoldahanso-tang at the respective doses of 0(control group), 2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg. 3. Results We observed survival rates, general toxicity, change of body weight and autopsy. 4. Conclusions The data confirmed that Yeoldahanso-tang is free from the toxicity and safety problems in oral route respectively. Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated groups(2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg). In conclusion, LD50 of Yeoldahanso-tang was over 5000 mg/kg and it is very safe to mice.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.103-118
• /
• 2022

Photorhabdus is a bacterial symbiont of entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Heterorhabditis in the family Heterorhabditidae. Photorhabdus is known to have nematicidal activity in addition to insecticidal activity. P. temperata isolated from Korean indigenous H. megidis Gwangju strain also produced high control efficacy against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans. P. temperata has drawn interest as a potential bionematicide for the control of root-knot nematodes thereby. For the registration as an organic agricultural material, the toxicity of P. temperata was assessed by the acute toxicity test in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and acute oral and dermal toxicity tests in Sprague-Dawley rat (Rattus norvegicus) in compliance with the guidelines of the Rural Development Administration (RDA). In the acute toxicity test in fish, neither lethality nor abnormal responses of carp were observed. Body length and weight of carp and changes in DO concentrations and pH values were not significantly different between the treated group and the untreated control. In the acute oral and dermal toxicity tests, clinical signs, abnormal behavior, mortality, and pathological findings were not observed in all the experimental rats. The weight increment of all rats was normal. Acute toxicity results of P. temperata in fish and rats belonged to categories III, IV, and IV of RDA, respectively. Toxicity results of the present study indicated that P. temperata could be a safe and promising bionematicide against root-knot nematodes and root lesion nematode.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.132-139
• /
• 2009

The toxicity test of ammonium persulfate was conducted to ensure of its potential toxic effects according to the single-dose acute oral toxicity study (OECD Guideline 423) and 90-day repeated dose sub-chronic oral toxicity study guideline (OECD Guideline 408) for establishing national chemical management system, and matching in the Globally Harmonized Classification System (GHS) category. In acute oral toxicity study, pasty stool, perineal contamination and temporary body weight decrease were observed after dosing 1st and 2nd challenge (300 mg/kg body weight). All test animals were dead within 6 hours after dosing at 3rd challenge (2000 mg/kg body weight). Therefore, the GHS class of test substance is considered class 4. In sub-chronic toxicity study, body weight changes, food consumptions, hematological, biochemical and pathological examination did not show any noticeable and significant differences between the administered (5, 20, 80 mg/kg body weight) and control (vehicle only) group animals. Based on these results, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is considered above 80 mg/kg body weight.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.46-52
• /
• 2016

Salicornia herbacea L. (S. herbacea) is an annual herbaceous plant of Chenopodiaceae. It grows in groups on the coast or mud flat of Korea is known to be rich in minerals. S. herbacea has potent anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-obesity, bowel function improvement. However, pharmacological mechanisms of S. herbacea extract (SHE) remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential acute toxicity of SHE in ICR mice administered a single oral dose of 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg by gavage. After administration of the extract, signs of toxicity were observed every day for 14 days. No mortality, abnormal clinical signs, body weight, organ weight or pathological changes were observed compared to a control group, and there were no differences in the body weights of the control and treatment groups. Biological serum activities and histological tests were not significantly changed in the treatment group compared to the control group. Especially, treatment of SHE was significantly decreased of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. These results indicated that a single oral administration of SHE does not exerts any toxic effects at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg and that the $LD_{50}$ of SHE is greater than 2,000 mg/kg. Accordingly, SHE appears to have potential in various functional agents of foods, without toxicity.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 1992

The actue toxicity of a recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (code name: LBD-005) was evaluated in both sexes of Sprague-Dawley rats, 4 weeks old, by the oral, subcutaneous and intravenous routes of administration. LBD-005 in the acute toxicity study in the rats was not considerde to induce any toxicological effect on the rats in mortalities, clinical findings, body weights and gross findings. It is suggested that $LD_{50}$ values in rats would be >48 mg/kg in the oral route and >12 mg/kg in the subcutaneous or intravenous route.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.77-88
• /
• 2015

Lithospermum erythrorhizon has long been used in traditional Asian medicine for the treatment of diseases, including skin cancer. The oral toxicity of a hexane extract of Lithospermum erythrorhizon root (LEH) was investigated in Beagle dogs by using single escalating doses, two-week dose range-finding, and 4-week oral repeat dosing. In the single dose-escalating oral toxicity study, no animal died, showed adverse clinical signs, or changes in body weight gain at LEH doses of up to 2,000 mg/kg. In a 2 week dose range-finding study, no treatment-related adverse effects were detected by urinalysis, hematology, blood biochemistry, organ weights, or gross and histopathological examinations at doses of up to 500 mg LEH/kg/day. In the 4 week repeat-dose toxicity study, a weight loss or decreased weight gain was observed at 300 mg/kg/day. Although levels of serum triglyceride and total bilirubin were increased in a dose dependent manner, there were no related morphological changes. Based on these findings, the sub-acute no observable adverse effect level for 4-week oral administration of LEH in Beagles was 100 mg/kg/day.