• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.201-211
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study is to summarize and compare acupuncture points used for dental disorder in the classics with those used in recent clinical trials. Methods : We searched the data for acupuncture points used and rationale of acupuncture in dentistry. Following two sources were searched: 1) seven Classics of traditional medicine and 2) clinical trials through Pubmed from January 2000 to March 2013 with no language restriction. Results : Dental pain was the most common disorder in the dentistry section of the Classics of traditional medicine. We found many similarities of acupuncture points used between literatures and clinical trials. From the meridian perspective, large intestine meridian(LI), stomach meridian(ST), triple energizer meridian(TE), and gallbladder meridian(GB) were frequently used in the Classics of traditional medicine and the clinical trials. From the acupuncture point perspective, acupuncture points were selected according to syndrome. The specific points such as five transport points, source points, and connecting points were also used. In the clinical trials, combination of acupuncture points usually consisted adjacent points and distant points. Among them, LI4 was used in all of the studies included in this review. Conclusions : For well-designed clinical trial, appropriate intervention is essential. To establish appropriate acupuncture treatment, we have to suggest reasoning for treatment based on literature and/or expert consensus. Our review only focused on pain relief in dentistry and had many limitations. Further studies based on the literatures such as the Classics of traditional medicine are required to ensure the rationale of acupuncture treatments in various dental disorders.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to show the rationale of point-selection on the methods of acupuncture and moxibustion in the Rhinological section(in the Oehyeong chapter) of the Dong Ui BO Gam. Methods : First, We summarized the cause of each disease in the Rhinological section(in the Oehyeong chapter) of the Dong Ui BO Gam. Then, We explained the rationale of acupoint-selection referring to the cause of disease, physiology of the Oriental medicine, other uses of each acupoints in the Dong Ui BO Gam, character of each acupoints, flow of meridian pathways and specific acupoints etc. Results and Conclusions : Total 15 acupoints were used in the Rhinological section(in the Oehyeong chapter) of the Dong Ui BO Gam. Most of acupoints were specific acupoints. But, some rationale of acupoint-selection were explained by the cause of disease, physiology of the Oriental medicine, other uses of each acupoints in the Dong Ui BO Gam, flow of meridian pathways etc.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.183-194
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• 2009

Objectives : This study aims to show the rationale of point-selection with regard to acupuncture and moxibustion as described in the Hand section(the Oehyeong chapter) of Dong Ui Bo Gam. Methods : First, the cause of each disease in the Hand section(the Oehyeong chapter) of Dong Ui Bo Gam was summarized, based on which the rationale of acupoint-selection with regard to the cause of disease, physiology of the Oriental medicine, properties of each acupoints, flow of meridian pathways and specific acupoints, etc. Results and Conclusions : The most of the acupoints referred to in the Hand section(the Oehyeong chapter) of Dong Ui Bo Gam, belong to the area surrounding the tender point. Still, when a point around the tender point is taken, it does not simply mean it works because of its proximity to the spot of a specific symptom. Rather, such acupoint-selection should be explained by the cause of disease, physiology of the Oriental Medicine and properties of each acupoint along with aspects such as the flow of meridian pathways and properties of specific acupoint.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.129-142
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this study was to show the rationale of point-selection for acupuncture and moxibustion in "the Urine"section(in the Naegyeong Chapter) of "the Dong-Ui-BO-Gam". Methods : First, We reviewed the causes of each disease in "the Urine" section of the "Dong-Ui-BO-Gam". Then, We explained the rationale of acupoint-selection for the treatment of those diseases referring to etiology and physiology of Oriental medicine, other applications of each acupoints in the "Dong-Ui-BO-Gam", characteristic of each acupoints, flow of Gi (Qi) through meridian pathways and specific acupoints etc. Results : There are comments on acupuncture and moxibustion for dysuria, urinary frequency, incontinence of urine, urethral pain, turbid urine, erythroid urine, cystitis of women, urethral pain of women in the Urine section of the "Dong-Ui-BO-Gam". Conclusions : Conception vessel and Kidney meridian are preferably used for acupuncture and moxibustion in "the Urine" section of the "Dong-Ui-BO-Gam". CV4(Kwanwon) is most frequently used and Sp9($\bar{U}$mn$\bar{u}$ngch'$\breve{o}$n), SP6(Sameumgyo), Liv1(Taedon) are also used often.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.205-217
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• 2008

Background : One of the characteristics of acupuncture, a popular modality for treating musculoskeletal pain, is a plurality in diagnosis and treatment that can profoundly influence the treatment outcome. This multiplicity in treatment modality has to be considered in any research on the effectiveness of acupuncture. Many practitioners stress the necessity for individualized patient treatment, including acupuncture point selection and manipulation technique. However, the importance of individualization in acupuncture treatment, compared with standardization, has received little attention in clinical trials. The aim of the future study described here is therefore to compare the effectiveness of individualized acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis with standardized acupuncture and no acupuncture in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods : A total of 195 patients aged 50 years and over with knee pain, will be randomly divided into three treatment groups: individualized acupuncture, standardized acupuncture, and waiting list. Outcome data will be collected through patient.completed questionnaires before randomization, and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after randomization. The questionnaires will be investigated demographic details as well as information on pain, movement and function of the affected knee, general health and quality of life. Discussion : This paper presents details on the rationale, design, and methods of the trial.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism and the clinical significance of prohibition of acupuncture of LI4 and SP6 during the period of pregnancy. Methods : It was investigated the prohibition of acupuncture during the period of pregnancy based on the literature reviews. Previous studies identified the acupuncture treatment of animal and clinical studies during the period of pregnancy and labor in China Academic Journal(CAJ). These papers were classified and investigated to clarify the rationale of the prohibition of acupuncture during the period of pregnancy. Results and Conclusions : The contraindicated points during the period of pregnancy are Hapgok (LI4), Samumgyo (SP6), Songmun (CV5), Kwanwon (CV4), Sosang (LU11), Chium (BL67), Kollyun (BL60). The uterine contraction can be induced by the stimuli of Hapgok (LI4) via endocrine system and Samumgyo (SP6) via nervous system. Both Hapgok (LI4) and Samumgyo (SP6) also can be used in various diseases such as induction of abortion, facilitation of parturition, stabilization of embryos, cross birth and so on.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.225-232
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• 2006

Objective : To test the hypotheses that individualized traditional Korean acupuncture improves pain and disability in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and that benefits remain after stopping treatment more so than is the case for standardized minimal acupuncture. Design : Randomized single blind controlled trial with two intervention arms (individualized traditional Korean acupuncture, standardized minimal acupuncture) of six weeks' duration and three months follow-up. Setting : Acupuncture interventions were applied by two training doctors in the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in a 1000-bed hospital. Assessment of the result was performed in a university-based laboratory. Participants : 50 patients with symptoms of knee osteoarthritis as diagnosed by an orthopedist. Intervention : Individualized traditional Korean acupuncture or standardized minimal acupuncture for six weeks. Main outcome measures: Primary outcome measure was pain as measured by the visual analogue scale. Secondary measures of pain and disability included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) index, Short Form-36 (SF-36), Lequesne Functional Index (LFI) score and Korean version of Health Assessment Questionnaire (KHAQ). Discussion : This paper presents detail on the rationale, design, methods and operational aspects of the trial.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.1-16
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• 2008

Backgrounds : There have not been so many studies about the correlation of logical background between acupuncture and herbal medicine. Objectives : This study was aimed to find out the logical relationship between acupuncture points of Wushijiuyu(五十九兪) and Fangfengtongshengsan(防風通聖散) for the treatment of fever disease. Methods : I investigated the background of rationale of Wushijiuyu(五十九兪) and Fangfengtongshengsan(防風通聖散) through survey of classical text include Yellow Emperor's Classic of Medicine(.帝.經內經, Hwang Di Nei Jing), Liujing(類經), Zhenjiujiayijing(鍼灸甲乙經) and Huangdisuwenxuanmingfanglun(黃帝素問宣明方論). Results & Conclusions : The words "Wushijiuyu(五十九兪) and Wushijiuci(五十九刺)" are founded in the Yellow Emperor's Classic of Medicine(黃帝內經) are either prescription of the acupuncture points for the treatment of fever disease. However, acupuncture points of two methods are not same. According to Liujing(類經), Wushijiuyu(五十九兪) have used acupuncture points located in head, upper and lower extremities, trunk, and back. However Wushijiuci(五十九刺) just select acupuncture points of head and extremities without those of trunk and back. Acupuncture points located in yang meridian(45points) and Dumai(督脈, 5points) are significantly used more than those of yin meridian(8 points) and Renmai(任脈, 2points) in Wushijiuyu(五十九兪) and Wushijiuci(五十九刺). The distribution of acupuncture points used Wushijiuyu(五十九兪) have closer correlation with Fangfengtongshengsan(防風通聖散) than Wushijiuci(五十九刺) in the prescription.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.151-170
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• 2007

Backgraounds : Recent studies provide the evidences that the efficacy of acupuncture may be no better than placebo or inconclusive. These results are very different from those of the actual clinical situations in many acupuncture medical institutions. Objectives : The present study was designed to evaluate the influencing factors which affect the efficacy of acupuncture scale(FEAS) as the methodological assessment tool of acupuncture for examining acupuncture interventions and to demonstrate the importance of it in randomized controlled trials of acupuncture. Data sources : Electronic data were retrieved from NDSL, Pubmed, sciencedirect, LWW, OVID, Black-Well Synergy, Wiley Interscience, EBSCO HOST, springer, PML, and Kluwer. No electronic data were collected from MEDLIS and MEDLAS. Study selection : The inclusion criteria were five systematic reviews included in Alberta study and all randomized controlled trials obtained from their references. Study analysis : The acupuncture rationale, methods of stimulation, treatment regimen, and the practitioner's background were rated by FEAS, and the scores were compared with those by other methodological assessment tools. Results : The number of positive conclusions of high-rank RCTs by FEAS was the same as or higher than that of high-rank RCTs by other methodological assessment tools. Conclusions : We have analysed 5 systematic reviews and their objectives 58 RCTs using FEAS. Practitioner's background has been described slightly in some reviews and studies. It may directly influence the effectiveness of acupuncture negatively in the systematic reviews.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.87-104
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• 2011

Objectives : A safety issue on acupuncture and moxibustion treatment during pregnancy is as important as effectiveness. To establish a rationale and research strategy for future studies, a traditional literature review was performed to summarize how and for what conditions acupuncture and moxibustion treatment was given during pregnancy. Methods : An extensive traditional literature search for acupuncture and moxibustion treatment during pregnancy was conducted in texts on acupuncture and moxibustion, obstetrics and gynecology, and comprehensive medical texts. Treatment conditions, methods, and contraindications were summarized and tabulated. Results : Twenty-eight books were included in our review. Most frequent description of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment use during pregnancy was for difficult delivery including breech presentations; commonly used acupuncture points for difficult labor included LI4, SP6, BL67, BL60, KI6, ST30, SP12, LR4, LR3, PC6, CV3, CV14, KI13, and GB21, indicating that they may have to be avoided during pregnancy. Descriptions of other symptoms or conditions were sparse. For habitual abortion or recurrent miscarriage, moxibustion on GV4, BL23, CV3, KI8, and KI2 was indicated. A combination of LI4 and SP6, and CV4 were contraindicated during pregnancy consistently across the reviewed books. Conclusions : Our traditional literature review has shown that the use of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment during pregnancy has been limited. Given that more and more pregnant women are interested in safe and effective treatment, further research of acupuncture's safety and efficacy during pregnancy is urgently needed.