• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.211-227
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• 1998

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia(BPH) is the most common benign tumor seen in the western male, and it is found in 50% of men over 50 years of age. It is characterized by the formation of large discrete lesions in the periurethral region. As they enlarge, these nodules tend to compress the urethra and cause partial or almost complete obstruction of .urine flow. The etiology of BPH is uncertain, but the increasing incidence with advancing age suggests the possibility of an imbalance between male and female sex hormones. In the past, most patients have had multiple indications to support the decision to initiate therapy. But both the urologic surgeon and the patient must be clearly aware of the results that can be expected and the risks involved in achieving them. The aims of this study are to investigate and summarize the current trends of treatment for BPH so as to suggest the effective and available way to treat the disease. In Oriental medicine, the BPH is recognized as uroschesis and ischuria, and the etiology is mainly in stagnated blood and insufficiency of the kidneys. The point of treatment of BPH is recovery of urination, and the treatment can be approached in two ways through herb drugs and acupuncture. Some of the herb drugs have substances which reduce BPB. Acupuncture therapy stimulates the pelvic plexus and is reported to be effective for voiding. Suppository, massotherapy, rectal injection, locus injection and attachment of herb drugs to the navel or the acupoint are announced as the effective treatments. So, this study of the approach and application of these treatments on BPH would be necessary.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate whether the spinal cholinergic and serotonergic analgesic systems mediate the relieving effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic cold allodynia in rats. The cold allodynia induced by an oxaliplatin injection (6 mg/kg, i.p.) was evaluated by immersing the rat's tail into cold water ($4^{\circ}C$) and measuring the withdrawal latency. EA stimulation (2 Hz, 0.3-ms pulse duration, 0.2~0.3 mA) at the acupoint ST36, GV3, or LI11 all showed a significant anti-allodynic effect, which was stronger at ST36. The analgesic effect of EA at ST36 was blocked by intraperitoneal injection of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist (atropine, 1 mg/kg), but not by nicotinic (mecamylamine, 2 mg/kg) receptor antagonist. Furthermore, intrathecal administration of $M_2$ (methoctramine, $10{\mu}g$) and $M_3$ (4-DAMP, $10{\mu}g$) receptor antagonist, but not $M_1$ (pirenzepine, $10{\mu}g$) receptor antagonist, blocked the effect. Also, spinal administration of $5-HT_3$ (MDL-72222, $12{\mu}g$) receptor antagonist, but not $5-HT_{1A}$ (NAN-190, $15{\mu}g$) or $5-HT_{2A}$ (ketanserin, $30{\mu}g$) receptor antagonist, prevented the anti-allodynic effect of EA. These results suggest that EA may have a significant analgesic action against oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain, which is mediated by spinal cholinergic ($M_2$, $M_3$) and serotonergic ($5-HT_3$) receptors.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.147-153
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• 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and analgesic effects of Datura Flos pharmacopuncture (DFP). Methods: The analgesic effects of DFP were assessed using mechanical (hot plate), chemical (formalin test), and thermal (von Frey filament test) pain tests. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned randomly into DFP (75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg), lidocaine 0.5%, or normal saline group for treatment on Kl3. Gross pathology, histopathology, biochemistry and hematology were performed. Results: In the hot plate test, DFP at a high dose (HDDFP; 150 mg/kg) produced a significant analgesic effect, at 10 and 20-minutes post injection (p < 0.01). Low dose DFP (LDDFP; 75 mg/kg) also showed an analgesic effect at 10 minutes post injection (p < 0.01). In the formalin test, HDDFP produced an analgesic effect, for 0-10 and 10-20 minutes (p < 0.01) post treatment, whereas LDDFP showed analgesic effects between 10-20 minutes (p < 0.05). In the von Frey filament test, DF-H produced an analgesic effect, 10 (p < 0.01) and 20 minutes post treatment (p < 0.05). LDDFP showed analgesic effect at 10 minutes (p < 0.05). In the acupuncture response test, HDDFP produced an analgesic effect at 10 minutes post treatment (p < 0.05). DF-H did not cause any anatomical changes to the liver or kidney and there were no abnormalities in biochemistry or hematology. Conclusion: DF-H was not toxic and provided short term analgesia, suggesting it may be useful in the management of pain.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate recent clinical studies on effect of acupuncture for strabismus in Korea and other countries. We have analyzed 10 years (from 2006 to 2015) of case studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) on effect of acupuncture for strabismus. Methods The search database includes Oasis, KTKP (Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal), Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library. To narrow the search, the following key search terms were used: 'strabismus, acupuncture'. The search was limited to the publication date from 2006 to 2015. 7 case studies and 5 control studies were selected for analysis. Results and Conclusions 1. The acupuncture treatment is effective for paralytic strabismus 2. The studies used BL1, GB1, ST2, TE23, GB15, EX-HN5, ST1, and LI4 acupoints and also an electroacupuncture treatment, which is 15 minutes of extraocular muscle stimulation, was used. 3. Degree of strasbismus was tested by Ocular motor range test, Corneal light reflex test, Ocular abducent scale test (Scott and Kraft, Diploptic range test).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.75-87
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of Herbal-cupuncture with Acanthopanacis cortex Herbal-Acupuncture Solution (AC-HAS) on rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : The author performed several experimental items : it is paw thickness, weight of spleen, expression of $CD4^+,\;CD8^+,\;B220^+$ in the spleen, production of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and examination of histology. Results : The obstain results are summarized s follows. 1. Treatment group were significantly inhibited the incidence of arthritis, hind paw edema and index of arthritis of CIA mice. 2. Treatment group were significantly decreased splenetic weight 3. The number of $CD4^+,\;CD8^+,\;B220^+$ activated cells were significantly inhibited in treatment group. 4. Treatment group were significantly decreased the amout of IL-4, $TNF-{\alpha}$ of CIA mice.. 5. Treatment group were expressed form of new bone, synoviumin and new margine in histology imperison to control group. Conclusions : Taking all these observations into account, AC-HAS injection is considered to be effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis and put to practical use in future rheumatoid arthritis clinic.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.2 s.23
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• pp.31-40
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• 2007

Objective : The aim is to examine the effect of Soyeum Pharmacopuncture (SPP) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1OlaHsd mice. Methods : To determine the effect of SPP on chronic IFNlammatory joint disease, we induced CIA in DBA/1OlaHsd mice by immunization with bovine type II collagen. Animals were treated with intraperitoneal injection doses of 2 mg/kg of SPP, beginning 3 days before the expected onset of disease symptoms. Inhibitory Effects of SPP were observed by serum levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, and IFN-${\gamma}$,,, or cell proliferation in the spleen cell culture and histological examination of knee joint. Results : In the CIA Mice, serum levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, and IFN-${\gamma}$,, production in the spleen cell culture were reduced. At the histopathological examination of knee joint, chondropathy of cartilage in the synovial joint in the SP group was repaired while compared with control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that the SPP may be effective for the prevention and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1285-1289
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• 2006

Hominis placenta (HP) has been used as an agent for promoting physiological function in traditional asian medicine. The present study was peformed to investigate whether HP acupuncture treatment in an experimental tumor mice model inhibit tumor growth through immunomodulatory effects. Mice were inoculated subcutaneously with colon26-L5 cells on the back. Three days after tumor inoculation, HP herbal acupuncture treatment was conducted on BL18 acupoint every other day for three weeks. HP Herbal acupuncture treatment significantly suppressed the primary tumor growth and prolonged survival rate. To evaluate immunomodulatory effect of HP acupuncture, splenocytes proliferation assay, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and ELISA for IFN- ${\gamma}$, and IL-4 cytokine level. HP herbal acupuncture enhanced the mitogenic activity of Balb/c whole splenocytes induced by various mitogenic stimuli and increased immune cell population such as T cell, B cell, Th cell, Tc cell and Macrophages. HP herbal acupuncture caused a marked increase of production of Th1 cytokine (IFN- ${\gamma}$ ,) and decrease of production of Th2 cytokine (IL-4). These results indicated that HP herbal acupuncture suppresses tumor growth through a mechanism leading to a Th1 dominant immune state.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1085-1104
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to investigate recent clinical studies of Intestinal Metaplasia (IM) based on a search of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Methods: We investigated recent clinical studies of Oriental medicine therapies in traditional Chinese medical journals for IM through a CNKI search. 20 clinical articles published from 2010 to 2016 were analyzed. This study examined the authors, publication years, types of studies, criteria for diagnosis and evaluation, periods, purposes of study and articles classified by methods of treatment. Results: Most of articles were classified as randomized controlled trial. IM was diagnosed using gastroscopy, pathological examination and clinical symptoms in a high proportion of articles. The criteria for evaluation most frequently used were the effective ratios of clinical symptoms, gastroscopy and pathological tests. The methods of treatment in all studies were Chinese herb medicine. Acupuncture, acupoint injection therapy, and embedding therapy were also used in several studies. Conclusion: In this study, the Chinese treatment for IM was markedly effective. To improve the treatment of IM in Korea, many clinical studies and case reports are required, based on Chinese medicine.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.206-211
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• 2023

Objectives : Needle sickness is one of the adverse events of acupuncture, although substantial adverse effects during a routine acupuncture treatment seem to be highly unusual. In this work, we propose that an acupuncture-related vasovagal response resembles needle sickness during acupuncture therapy. Methods : In this article, we discussed the general characteristics of vasovagal syncope and went into more detail on vasovagal syncope in people who have a fear of blood injection and injury. We also offer a recommendation for the prevention and management of vasovagal syncope brought on by acupuncture. Results : The vasovagal reaction related to acupuncture is closely associated with needle sickness. The prevention can be done using PEACHES (position, experience, anxiety, constitution, hydration, environment, symptom recognition) principles. The management should be conducted using the RIPCORD (recognize, initiate, position, communicate, order treatments, reassess, document) techniques. Conclusions : It is important to comprehend the characteristics of needle sickness as a vasovagal reaction related to acupuncture. According to the recommendation, practitioners should effectively prevent and manage needle sickness.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.185-192
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze trends in domestic and international clinical research studies on pharmacopuncture treatment for fractures. We searched five online databases (PubMed, CNKI, RISS, KISS, and OASIS), and selected a total of 13 clinical research studies from Korea and China. Selected studies were analyzed according to publication year, subject, intervention, treatment method, evaluation scale, adverse event, risk of bias, etc. A total of 10 case studies and 3 randomized controlled trials were included. The study subjects were more often female, and the most common type of fracture was vertebral compression fracture. In Korea, herbal medicine preparations and bee venom were used for pharmacopuncture solution, whereas in China, both herbal medicine preparations and Western medicine preparations were used. All studies commonly used local acupoint needling, and in most cases, the treatment period for case study was less than 1 month, and the observation period of randomized controlled trials was diverse. The most frequently used evaluation scale was numeric rating scale, adverse events were mentioned in only three studies, and no adverse events were reported. Overall risk of bias of all included randomized controlled trials was judged "some concerns". According to this study, pharmacopuncture treatment for fractures was found to be relatively effective and safe, but research that complements the limitations of this study is needed.