• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.12
• /
• pp.873-880
• /
• 2010

The present study developed a computer simulation program to determine the optimum strategy and capacity of a micro combined heat and power(CHP) system. This simulation program considered a part-load electrical/thermal efficiency and transient response characteristics of CHP unit. The result obtained from the simulation was compared with the actual operation of 30 kW gas engine driven micro CHP system. It was found that the simulation could reproduce the daily operation behavior, such as operating hours and mean load factor, closely to the actual behavior of the system and could predict the amount of electrical/thermal output and fuel consumption with the error of less than 12%.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.434-441
• /
• 1997

Fat consumption has decreased since the 1950's in the United States, and coronary heart disease mortality rates have gradually declined as well. These changes might be associated with changes of attitudes due to increased information about the relationship between fat consumption and hear disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether knowledge and attitudes concerning fat and foods high or low in fat had an impact on peoples' actual fat consumption. for this study, the data of fat consumption and knowledge/attitudes of people came from the 1989-1991 Continuing Survey of food Intakes by Individuals/Diet and Health Knowledge Survey (CSFII/DHKS), conducted by USDA. It was found that women 65 years ed older tried to avoid more fat and consume more vegetables than those aged 25-64 years ; in fact, the actual fit consumption of those over 65 years was lowest among all age categories. However, the elderly did not have as much nutrition knowledge as people aged 25-64 years. Attitudes concerning vegetables and health were a better predictor of fat consumption than those concerning fat itself. However, low-fat milk consumption was influenced by nutrition knowledge as well as attitudes about fat intake people with better knowledge and attitudes concerning fat intake consumed more low-fat milk. This could be resulted from the reason that low-fat milk is a good substitute for whole milk. The conclusion of this study is that there are two essential elements in healthy eating patterns： a) good attitudes towards fat and vegetable consumption, and b) correct nutritional knowledge concerning the fat-content of foods and the availability of alternatives.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.105-121
• /
• 2022

To improve the discrepancy between consumer attitude and actual consumption behavior despite the expansion of consumer perception of sustainable fashion, this study attempted to identify the factors influencing the purchase intention and behavior of sustainable fashion consumers. The extended theory of planned behavior, which adds prior knowledge and consumer inertia, was used to predict purchase intention and factors affecting purchase behavior for sustainable fashion, and to verify the influence of knowledge and inertia on consumers' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The results of this study were derived from SPSS and AMOS statistical analysis based on response data of 323 domestic male and female consumers, 20 years or older with experience in sustainable fashion consumption. The results showed that consumers' prior knowledge and inertia about sustainable fashion have a significant influence on their attitude toward sustainable fashion consumption, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Implications were derived based on this quantitative verification. The higher the level of consumers' knowledge of sustainable fashion, the greater the impact on attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, but inertia decreases the impact. Therefore, to grow consumers' knowledge, not only a shopping environment should be established but also inertia should be suppressed as much as possible through sustainable fashion marketing activities.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.18 no.7
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 2020

Purpose: There has been an increasing focus on consumer ethics by researchers and practitioners alike with the former seeking to examine the general discrepancy between ethical attitude, intention and actual behaviour by proposing behavioural measures to understand ethical consumption. Research into the effects of generational cohorts and gender, two fundamental demographic factors that shape the consumer habituated repertoire, on consumer ethics has reported mixed findings. The present study investigates if there are differences in ethical consumer behavior by generational cohorts and by gender in the context of an emerging market - Vietnam. Research design, data and methodology: Data was collected using a quantitative survey (a link to the questionnaire was posted on relevant social media platforms). A total of 539 usable responses was used for ANOVAs and independent t-tests to test the hypotheses. Results: a) There are significant differences in terms of ethical consumer behavior between Gen Z and Gens Y/X, but no difference between Gen X and Gen Y; b) There is no gender difference in ethically minded consumer behavior. Conclusion: For consumer ethics, generational effects may be moderated by macroeconomic conditions, while gender alone as a biological variable may not be a reliable predictor.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.239-249
• /
• 1996

Despite the importance of prenatal nutrition, many studies find inadequate calcium intake among pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of the Theory of Planned Behavior in explaining the intentions and the actual consumption of milk among pregnant women participating in or eligible for WIC. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect information regarding attitudes, subjective norms, perceived control, milk allocation within the family, intentions and consumption of milk. The survey questionnaire was developed using open-ended questions and interviews with 112 pregnant women. One-hundred-eighty women recruited from prenatal clinics completed the survey questionnaire. Multiple regression was used separately to investigate the association of factors to intentions and to the consu-mption of milk, as proposed in the theory. Milk allocation within the family was used as an exploratory variable to explain milk consumption. Study findings revealed that all three factors, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived control contributed to the model in explaining intentions (explained variance : 36.2%), with perceived control being most important. For milk consumption, intentions and perceived control were related significantly to actual consumption, while milk allocation within the family was not (explained variance : 44.6%). These findings suggest that perceived control is important in understanding both intentions and milk consumption, providing empirical evidence for the Theory of Planned Behavior. With respect to the role of perceived control, more strong evidence was provided in explaining intentions. Findings suggest that educational interventions to increase milk consumption among pregnant women should incorporate strategies to enhance the perception of control, and to strengthen positive attitudes and to elicit social support from significant other. (Korean J Community Nutrition 1(2) 239-249, 1996)

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.13 no.12
• /
• pp.43-57
• /
• 2022

Purpose: Despite the numerous studies on factors impacting pro-environmental behavior, actual studies analyzing a relationship between pro-environmental behavior and eco-friendly channels (e.g., local food market and farmers' market channel) usage behavior (visit and purchasing frequency) are rare. This study investigated the relationship between consumers with positive pro-environmental behavior and eco-friendly channels usage behavior. Research design, data and methodology: The study investigated the relationship between pro-environmental behavior and eco-friendly channels (local food markets and farmers market) visit behavior by analyzing data from the Korea Consumer Agency's 2021 Korea Consumption Life Index, with a focus on the pro-environmental index. Relationship between pro-environmental behavior and whether eco-friendly channels visit or not were analyzed. Demographic variables also influence eco-friendly oriented channels visit. Data analysis used hierarchical regression, firstly inputted pro-environmental behavior, and then demographic variables inputted, and finally pro-environmental behavior and demographics interactions as moderating variables inputted. Results: Consumer's with positive behavior towards pro-environment were indeed more likely to choose local food market and farmers' market compared to other consumers. Demographic variables also effect local food market visit. Some demographic variables moderate this relationship. The results, however, differed by channel type. Conclusions: Pro-environmental behavior is closely related to eco-friendly channels (local food market and farmers; market) visit.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.184-192
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the perception and using behavior for the Green Tea by a survey. The subjects of this study were consisted of 43.1% of males and 56.9% of females in Daegu city and Gyeong-Sang Buk-Do Province. The main results are as follows : About 85.9% of the participants preferred the Green Tea owing to good for health but the others didn't like owing to not delicious. 51.1% of the subjects had one cup of Green Tea per day. The responses to the 13 questions of the Green Tea were measured on 5 point Likert scale. The item 'Green Tea is natural food' received the highest point but 'Green Tea is delicious' received the lowest. About one half of total subjects knew how to make the Green Tea and 40.4% of them learned the recipes from their mother. About 63.7% replied 'Increasing' prospects for the Green Tea consumption. About 53.7% said the plan should be 'made of good quality Green Tea' for the purpose of better improvement and extention of consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.39 no.5
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 2019

In response to the rapid climate change, in order to save energy in the field of buildings, the country is planning not only zero energy buildings but also zero energy cities. In the Urban Development Project, the Energy Use Plan Report is prepared and submitted by predicting the amount of energy demand at the planning stage. However, due to the activation of zero-energy buildings and the increase in the supply of new and renewable energy facilities, the energy consumption behavior of buildings in the city is changing from the previous ones. In this study, to estimate urban energy demand of Zero Energy City, building energy demand forecasts based on "Passive plans for use of energy based primary energy consumption", "Actual building energy usage data from Korea Appraisal Board" and "data from Certification of Building Energy Efficiency Rating" as well as demand forecast according to existing "Consultation about Energy Use Plan Code" were calculated and then applied to Multifunctional Administrative City 5-1 zone to compare urban total energy demand forecasts.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2017

This study is aiming to suggest baseline date for the establishment of policy alternative to make healthy consumption life of the elderly through investigating and analyzing actual condition of consumption related with the awareness of health functional food such as purchase behavior and consumer's problems about health functional food. Under the assumption that the vitalization of health functional food market will become an important market in the present and in the future, the fundamental marketing information about elder consumers is more important than any other information that is essential for successful marketing to domestic corporations and senior policy experts. In addition, there was a fundamental significance to provide necessary basic data for health promotion of the elderly by offering information about rights and interests of elder consumers who are members of vulnerable social group or right choice of purchasing or intake. The limitations of this study are as follows. First, the subjects were selected who live in Gangwon-do with the age of 60 and over due to the limitation of sampling, and that might be shown local characteristics. Therefore, the study result could not be generalized on behalf of all elderly in Korea and it is difficult to apply the result to more segmented market. To solve this problem, studies containing sampling by regional groups might be needed.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 2000

Effect of ball filling ratio on the behavior of balls motion and their collision characteristic in a tumbler-ball milling of metal powder are investigated by a computer simulation. The discrete element method and the extended Kelvin model composed of nonlinear spring and nonlinear dashpot were employed in the simulation. It can be possible that analysis of the individual balls motion in a three-dimensional actual mill by the two-dimensional model simulation, since the simulated trajectories of ball paths are in relatively good agreement with the actual ones. It knows that the balls motion in the tumbler-ball mill is strongly influenced by the surface conditions of the balls and mill container wall. The energy consumption of the individual balls during impact and the impact frequency of the individual balls increased with an increase in the ball filling ratio and showed maximum values at about 50-60% ball filling ratio, and then decreased.